Sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase activity in diabetic rat heart

Heart sarcolemmal membranes were isolated by the hypotonic shock-LiBr treatment from rats with chronic diabetes induced by a streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, iv) injection. Sarcolemmal Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity was elevated, whereas 5'-nucleotidase and K+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities in diabetic heart were depressed in comparison to control preparations. Although patent Na+-K+-ATPase and patent ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+-ATPase activities were unaltered, latent Na+-K+-ATPase activities, as determined in membranes after alamethicin or deoxycholate treatments, were found to be significantly depressed in diabetic animals. A depression in the latent Na+-K+-ATPase activity in diabetic preparations was also observed in membranes prepared by the sucrose density gradient method. Insulin-treated diabetic rats were observed to have normalized latent Na+-K+-ATPase activities. Total phospholipid content did not differ, but cholesterol content of the sarcolemmal membranes was significantly increased in diabetic heart preparations. Sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase activity in diabetic heart was more resistant to treatments with filipin, an agent known to bind with cholesterol residues. These results suggest that chronic experimental diabetes is associated with some defects in sarcolemmal enzymatic activities and composition.     

地塞米松预处理减轻大鼠再灌注性心律失常的实验研究

目的： 探讨地塞米松预处理对大鼠再灌注性心律失常的作用及机制。方法: SD大鼠随机分成地塞米松组、对照组，分别予地塞米松和生理盐水预处理。预处理后构建缺血再灌注损伤动物模型，观察再灌注期间心律失常的发生；Western blotting法和免疫组化法观察心肌HSP72表达变化；测定心肌MDA、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px水平及心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性。结果: 与对照组相比，地塞米松组室性心律失常的积分减少（P<0.01）、持续时间缩短（P<0.05）；HSP72的表达增加（P<0.05）；MDA降低（P<0.01），SOD、CAT、GSH-Px均升高（P<0.05）；Na+-K+-ATP酶增加（P<0.01），Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶无明显变化（P>0.05）。结论: 地塞米松预处理减少再灌注室性心律失常，其机制可能与其上调HSP72、Na+-K+-ATP酶、抗氧化酶的表达及抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

Na+-K+-ATPase inhibition stimulates PGE release in guinea pig taenia coli.

Inhibition of the plasma membrane enzyme Na+-K+-ATPase by ouabain zero extracellular K+, or low extracellular Na+, markedly augmented prostaglandin E release from the guinea pig taenia coli. Data suggest this phenomenon may be linked directly to Na+-K+-ATPase or Na+ pump activities, or changes in intracellular K+ concentration. The augmented prostaglandin E release was not due to changes in intracellular Na+, Ca2+, pH, or membrane potential, resulting from Na+ pump inhibition. The characteristics of the plasma membrane may exert a control on prostaglandin E release in this smooth muscle.     

Effects of fatty acid intermediates on Na+-K+-ATPase activity of cardiac sarcolemma

The effect of amphiphilic lipid intermediates on the Na+-stimulatable activity of the Na+-K+-ATPase of sarcolemma from adult canine cardiac myocytes was studied. Sarcolemma (mean Na+-stimulatable ATPase activity of 73 mumol.mg sarcolemmal protein-1.h-1) was preincubated (37 degrees C for 10 min at pH 7.2) or rapidly mixed at 0 degrees C with amphiphilic lipid intermediates prior to dilution and assay of enzyme activity. Their effects were dependent on temperature, initial concentration, and the ratio of bound amphiphile to sarcolemmal protein. In particular, pretreatment of freshly prepared sarcolemma at 0 degrees C with arachidonyl CoA (up to 0.25 mM) caused 110% stimulation above control activity; palmitoyl CoA or palmitoyl carnitine under the same conditions caused no significant effect. Despite strong binding to the sarcolemmal vesicles, palmitoyl carnitine (up to 0.4 mM or 5 mumol/mg protein) and palmitoyl CoA (0.1 mM or 1.0 mumol of membrane-bound palmitoyl CoA/mg protein) were ineffective even with preincubation. Palmitoyl CoA was inhibitory above this level. Preincubation (22 degrees C for 10 min) with lysophosphatidylcholine only produced inhibition (40% at 0.75 mM). Thus fatty acyl thioesters of CoA and lysophosphatidyl choline but not palmitoyl carnitine perturb sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase activity.     

Effect of Ligustrazine and Shenmai Injection on ATPase and free radical metabolism in the aged rats with myocardial injury after brain ischemia/reperfusion

Effect of Ligustrazine and Shenmai Injection on ATPase and free radical metabolism in the aged rats with myocardial injury after brain ischemia/reperfusion     

挥发性麻醉药对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的： 研究挥发性麻醉药对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法： SD大鼠136只，随机分为17组，每组8只。采用Langendorff离体大鼠心脏模型。按给药方式分为6大组：假手术组（含1亚组）：自然灌流85 min;对照组（含4亚组）：平衡15 min为1亚组，平衡后续灌15 min为1亚组，平衡续灌后缺血10 min为1亚组，平衡续灌缺血25 min后复灌30 min为1亚组;氟烷组（含3亚组）：平衡15 min后，灌注含1.5 MAC氟烷灌注液15 min为1亚组，平衡续灌含药液后缺血10 min为1亚组，平衡续灌缺血25 min复灌含1.5 MAC氟烷的灌注液30 min为1亚组;1.5 MAC的恩氟烷、异氟烷、七氟烷大组，各大组包括3亚组，处理同氟烷组。记录各组心脏在平衡15 min、给药后(或续灌15 min)、复灌30min的左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室压力升高或降低最大速率(±dp/dtmax)、心率（HR）、冠脉流量（CF）。实验结束后测定心肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、心肌丙二醛（MDA）含量、高能磷酸盐（ATP）含量、Na＋-K＋-ATP酶、Ca2＋-ATP酶活性。结果： （1）恩氟烷、异氟烷、七氟烷组在给药后CF高于对照组（P<0.05）；各用药组在给药后LVDP、±dp/dtmax低于对照组（P<0.01）、而LVEDP高于对照组（P<0.05）；复灌30 min各用药组LVDP、±dp/dtmax高于对照组（P<0.01）。氟烷、异氟烷组在给药后和复灌30 min的HR低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。（2）各用药组在缺血前、缺血期和复灌30 min的心肌ATP含量高于及复灌30 min SOD活性高于对照组，MDA含量低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。（3）氟烷、恩氟烷、异氟烷组在缺血前Ca2＋-ATP酶活性低于对照组、各用药组在缺血期和复灌30 min此酶活性高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。（4）在复灌30min，氟烷组的Na＋-K＋-ATP酶活性高于对照组和其它3用药组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论： 挥发性麻醉药可抑制心肌收缩功能，对缺血再灌注心肌有保护作用。缺血再灌注后，能明显促进心肌功能与代谢的恢复，而且能提高CF、心肌Ca2＋-ATP酶及Na＋-K＋-ATP酶活性。     

肾阳虚证患者红细胞LPO、SOD和ATP酶活性的变化

目的 :探讨肾阳虚证患者红细胞LPO、SOD和ATP酶活性的特点及其意义。方法 :观察 19例肾阳虚证患者和 2 1例正常人红细胞LPO、SOD和红细胞膜Na+ K+ ATP酶、Mg2 + ATP酶、Ca2 + ATP酶、Ca2 + Mg2 + ATP酶活性的变化。结果 :与对照组比较 ,肾阳虚证患者红细胞LPO含量升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,红细胞SOD活性降低 (P <0 .0 1) ;红细胞膜Na+ K+ ATP酶活性显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,而Mg2 + ATP酶活性变化无显著性差异 ,Ca2 + ATP酶活性升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,Ca2 + Mg2 + ATP酶活性也显著升高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :肾阳虚证患者红细胞内脂质过氧化反应增强 ,而抗氧化能力降低 ,红细胞膜Na+ K+ ATP酶、Ca2 + ATP酶和Ca2 + Mg2 + ATP酶活性升高 ;本研究为理解肾阳虚证的病理生理基础提供了初步实验依据     

老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注ATP酶和自由基代谢变化及其意义

目的:从ATP酶活性变化和自由基损伤方面研究老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制。方法:青年(5月龄)和老龄(20月龄以上)大鼠均分为模型组和正常对照组,观察大鼠全脑缺血30min再灌注60min后ATP酶和SOD活性及MDA、Ca^2＋、Na^＋、K^＋含量。结果:老龄模型组Ca^2＋水平高于青年模型组和老龄对照组。老龄对照组脑组织Na^＋-K^＋-ATP酶低于青年对照组,老龄模型组低于青年模型组。老龄对照组Ca^2＋-ATP酶低于青年对照组,老龄模型组低于青年模型组但高于老龄对照组。老龄对照组血清和脑组织中SOD活性低于青年对照组,老龄模型组低于青年模型组。老龄模型组血清和脑组织MDA/SOD比值高于老龄对照组。结论:脑缺血再灌注损伤与钙超载和自由基损伤有关,但由于老龄大鼠脑组织ATP酶和钙含量及自由基代谢的增龄变化,使脑缺血再灌注后这些病理改变较青年大鼠更为明显并具有一定特点。     

还少丹对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠心肌线粒体结构与功能的影响

目的:探讨还少丹对D-半乳糖(D-galactose,D-gal)诱导的衰老模型小鼠心肌线粒体结构与功能的影响.方法:将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、衰老模型组、还少丹低、高剂量组.采用D-gal建立衰老模型,还少丹水煎液灌胃6周.以差速离心法分离小鼠心肌组织线粒体;Comas亮蓝蛋白定量法测定线粒体蛋白含量;分光光度法检测...     

Biochemical correlates of airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs: role of lysophosphatidyl choline

To elucidate the biochemical basis of airway hyperreactivity, we studied the relationships between in vivo airway sensitivity of guinea pigs to histamine and their tracheal beta-adrenergic binding sites, Ca++- and (Na+-K+)-ATPase activities, and composition of phospholipids. The relationships between tracheal and plasma phospholipids were also examined. beta-Adrenergic receptor binding with 3H-dihydroalprenolol in tracheal tissue showed an inverse relationship with in vivo airway sensitivity to histamine. Among the phospholipids, tracheal phosphatidyl ethanolamine content varied inversely with in vivo airway sensitivity, whereas tracheal and plasma lysophosphatidyl choline contents showed a direct correlation with airway sensitivity. A significant direct correlation was also observed between tracheal and plasma lysophosphatidyl choline levels. Both Ca++-ATPase and (Na+-K+)-ATPase activities increased with increasing airway sensitivity. These enzymes showed inverse correlations with phosphatidyl ethanolamine content and direct correlations with lysophosphatidyl choline content. Our data suggest that increased lysophosphatidyl choline may cause various biochemical changes associated with airway hyperreactivity.     

Decreased myocardial Na+-K+-ATPase activity in one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats

We have previously shown that Na+-K+ pump activity (ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake) is decreased in vascular tissue of animals with various forms of low renin hypertension. In the present study we measured Na+-K+-ATPase activity, the energy source for Na+-K+ pumping, in membrane fractions prepared from myocardial tissue of rats with chronic one-kidney, one-clip hypertension and their one-kidney normotensive controls. Membranes were prepared by two independent methods: microsomal fractions (method 1) and fractions prepared by the hypotonic LiBr method of Dhalla et al. (method 2). In membranes prepared from left ventricles of the hypertensive rats (by method 1) Na+-K+-ATPase activity was decreased, Mg2+-ATPase activity was increased, and the sialic acid content and 5'-nucleotidase activity (two putative membrane markers) were unchanged relative to the control rats. The sensitivity of cardiac Na+-K+-ATPase to inhibition by ouabain was also unchanged. Na+-K+-ATPase activity was also decreased in the right ventricles (method 1) of these hypertensive rats, suggesting that this defect is probably not pressure related. In membranes prepared from the left ventricles of the hypertensive rats by method 2, Na+-K+-ATPase activity was again reduced, whereas the Mg2+-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were unchanged relative to the controls. These studies suggest that myocardial Na+-K+-ATPase activity is suppressed in rats with this low renin form of hypertension and the possible effect of this suppression on myocardial contractile activity is discussed.     

益母草治疗心肌缺血或再灌注损伤及其机制研究

目的 :观察益母草对心肌缺血或再灌注损伤的疗效并探讨其机制。方法 :30只新西兰白兔等分为正常组、缺血再灌注对照组、益母草治疗组。治疗组兔、5 2例冠心病及 30例无症状性心肌缺血患者 ,用益母草注射液静滴治疗。 5 4例心肌缺血患者用益母草片治疗。结果 :治疗组兔缺血及再灌注的心功能 ,心肌酶释出明显改善 ;血浆及心肌组织的丙二醛含量降低 ,血浆及心肌组织SOD、全血GSH Px、心肌组织ATP酶活性高于对照组 ,心肌组织Ca2 +含量低于对照组。心肌缺血患者用益母草治疗后 ,症状、体征、心电图、血脂、微循环及血液流变性明显改善。结论 :益母草对心肌缺血及再灌注损伤有明显疗效。其机制与减少氧自由基及细胞内钙超载对心肌细胞损伤、改善缺血区心肌微循环及血液流变性有关。     

Membrane excitability, weakness, and fatigue.

A failure in membrane excitability, defined as an inability of the sarcolemma and T-tubule to translate the neural discharge command into repetitive action potentials, represents an inviting cause of mechanical disfunction in both health and disease. A failure at this level would precipitate a disturbance in signal transmission between the T-tubule and the calcium release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, resulting in reduced release of Ca2+, lower cytosolic free Ca2+ levels, and depressed myofibrillar activation and force generation. The ability of the sarcolemma and T-tubules to conduct repetitive action potentials is intimately dependent on active transport of Na+ and K+ following an action potential. The active transport of these cations is mediated by the Na+-K+-ATPase, an integral membrane protein that uses the energy from the hydrolysis of 1 ATP to transport 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell. A failure to recruit sufficient Na+-K+-ATPase activity during contractile activity could result in a rundown of the transmembrane gradients for Na+ and K+, leading to a loss of membrane excitability. The Na+-K+-ATPase activity depends on the amount and isoform composition of the protein, substrate availability, and acute regulatory factors. Each of these factors is examined as a potential cause of altered activation of the Na+-K+-ATPase activity and loss of membrane excitability in fatigue. Regular exercise represents a potent stimulus for upregulating Na+-K+-ATPase levels and for increasing the ability for cation transport across the sarcolemma and T-tubule membrane. As such, training may be a valuable tool in the management of fatigue in health and disease.     

肠淋巴再灌注加重肠系膜上动脉闭塞性休克大鼠的脑损伤

目的:观察肠淋巴再灌注(MLR)对肠系膜上动脉闭塞性(SMAO)休克大鼠脑组织形态学以及神经递质的影响;从氧自由基、一氧化氮(NO)、中性粒细胞、膜泵、能量代谢等方面揭示其机制。方法:24只Wistar雄性大鼠均分为4组:sham组,仅麻醉与手术;MLR组,夹闭肠系膜淋巴管(ML)1h,再灌注2h;SMAO组,夹闭肠系膜上动脉(SMA)1h,再灌注2h;MLR+SMAO:夹闭ML和SMA1h,再灌注2h。再灌注2h后,选择固定位置留取脑组织,制备病理切片,观察形态学;同时制备脑组织匀浆,检测乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及乳酸(LA)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、NO、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、细胞膜泵(ATPase)及三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平或活性。结果:Sham与MLR组大鼠脑组织结构基本正常;SMAO组大鼠可见神经元有坏死、变性,偶见肿胀;MLR+SMAO组神经元损伤情况较SMAO组重。SMAO与MLR+SMAO组脑匀浆MDA、NO、LA含量、AChE、NOS与MPO活性均显著高于、ChAT活性与DA、NE含量显著低于MLR与sham组,且MLR+SMAO组脑匀浆MDA、NO含量、AChE、NOS与MPO活性均显著高于SMAO组;SMAO组脑匀浆SOD、Na+-K+-ATPase活性显著低于sham与MLR组、Mg2+-ATPase活性、ATP含量显著低于MLR组;MLR+SMAO组脑匀浆的SOD、Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、Mg2+-ATPase及Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性均显著低于sham与MLR组,且DA含量、Ca2+-ATPase、Mg2+-ATPase及Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性、ATP含量均显著低于SMAO组。结论:MLR加重SMAO休克大鼠的脑损伤、降低脑组织DA水平、增高AChE活性,其机制可能与MLR加重或增加脑组织氧自由基损伤、NO合成与释放、中性粒细胞扣押、能量代谢障碍及降低脑组织细胞膜泵活性等因素有关。     

闭塞大鼠单侧大脑中动脉后心肌酶活性的改变

实验性闭塞一侧大脑中动脉的大鼠２４ｈ后检测其心肌酶活性，结果表示：局部脑缺血２４ｈ的大鼠，与假手术对照组相比心肌组织Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ，Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均有明显降低，说明脑缺血可造成心肌酶活性不同程度改变。     

50Hz磁场长期暴露对大龄大鼠学习记忆及脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的探讨长期0.1mT 50Hz磁场暴露对大龄大鼠学习记忆及海马组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性与丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响.方法应用Morris水迷宫方法测定动物的空间学习记忆能力;应用试剂盒分别测定SOD、Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性及MDA水平.结果 10d 0.1mT 50Hz磁场暴露对大龄大鼠的学习记忆功能无明显影响.长期(4个月或8个月)0.1 mT 50Hz磁场暴露能使大鼠的逃避潜伏期明显延长,穿环系数显著减少,表明人鼠的空间学习记忆能力受损.长期磁场暴露也使大龄人鼠海马组织及其线粒体的SOD活件降低,MDA水平升高,Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性降低.结论长期0.1 mT 50Hz磁场暴露可损伤大龄大鼠的学习记忆能力,此作用可能与其增强海马组织的脂质过氧化反应有关.     

Changes in catecholamine, angiotensin converting enzyme and adenosine triphosphatase in ischemic preconditioning rat hearts

Changes in catecholamine ,angiotensin converting enzy me and adenosine triphosphatase in ischemic preconditioning rat hearts     

Adaptations in the muscle cell to training: role of the Na+-K+-Atpase.

The plasticity of skeletal muscle is evident following the onset of regular contractile activity where extensive adaptations can be observed at all levels of organization. Among the properties subject to altered regulation is the Na+-K+-ATPase, an integral membrane protein distributed throughout the sarcolemma and t-tubule, which functions to maintain high Na+ and K+ transmembrane gradients. This protein is uniquely positioned to control muscle excitation and contraction processes, metabolic flux rates, and contractility. Pronounced and rapid upregulation in the Na+-K+-ATPase content can be observed within the first days of exercise and well before the other major ATPase proteins involved in Ca2+ and actomyosin cycling. Moreover, the Na+-K+-ATPase is subject to complex messenger regulation, involved both in the accommodation and the adaptive responses to contractile activity. This emphasizes that adaptive responses can be mediated soon after the onset of training and may have profound affects on muscle contractility and other cellular adaptations.     

Effects of magnesium sulfate on Na+,K+ -ATPase and intracranial pressure level after cerebral ischemia.

In the present study, the effects of magnesium sulfate on Na+,K+ -ATPase levels and intracranial pressure (ICP) after cerebral ischemia in rabbits were studied. Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups. Group 1 was the control group. In group 2 (untreated group) cerebral ischemia was produced by clamping bilateral common carotid arteries for 60 min but in group 3 magnesium sulfate was administered 100 mg/kg i.v. 10 min after opening the clamps. In group 1, ICP recordings were obtained 5, 60 and 120 min after craniectomy. In groups 2 and 3, ICP recordings were obtained 5 min after craniectomy but before clamping, 60 min after clamping and 60 min after opening the clamps. After taking ICP recordings, brain cortices were resected and Na+,K+ -ATPase activity was determined by subtracting the enzyme activity in the presence of ouabain from the total activity in the absence of ouabain method. There was a significant difference between Na+,K+ -ATPase levels of group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Na+,K+ -ATPase levels between group 1 and 3 (P > 0.05), also preischemic ICP values were same in all groups (P > 0.05). Preischemic and postischemic ICP values were significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05), also postischemic (120 min) ICP values were significantly different between group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.05). ICP values correlate well with Na+,K+ -ATPase level. These results demonstrate that cerebral ischemia leads to a decrease of ATPase level in the brain and magnesium sulfate suppresses the decrease of Na+,K+ -ATPase, also magnesium sulfate treatment improves the ICP changes.     

氟烷和七氟醚对缺血心肌功能和代谢及Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的: 研究氟烷、七氟醚(1.5MAC)对缺血心肌的影响。方法: 应用离体大鼠心脏Langendorff逆行灌注模型研究氟烷、七氟醚对心肌缺血前心率(HR)、左室舒张末期压力(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室压力升高速率(+dp/dt)、左室压力下降速率(-dp/dt)和冠脉流量(CF)的影响,测定缺血前、缺血10min、缺血25min3个不同时间的心肌ATP含量、Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性,同时记录缺血间期左室内压的变化情况。结果: 七氟醚显著增加正常离体心脏的CF,氟烷、七氟醚均不同程度地抑制心肌收缩功能和Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性,能够增加正常心肌的能量贮备。缺血10min时,二药能够减缓心肌ATP含量及Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的下降,氟烷的作用比较明显。缺血间期,氟烷明显推迟缺血性挛缩的起始时间,降低挛缩幅度。结论: 氟烷的抗缺血损伤作用优于七氟醚,延缓缺血期心肌ATP含量及Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的下降可能是氟烷抗缺血损伤作用的重要机制之一。