关节镜下治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折

１９９３年１月至１９９６年１２月，关节镜下钢丝内固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折１２例，其中Ⅱ６例。常规膝关节前外侧入路进入关节镜检查，前内侧入路引入器械进行骨折两断端清创、复位。然后由胫骨粗隆两侧外事孔，分别引入细钢丝达关节内，通过撕脱骨折片基部，关节内套入，拉紧，由一端拉出钢丝达骨外，在骨外将两端拧紧，完成撕脱骨折片固定。然后石膏外固定６－１２周，本组１２例均愈合，功能佳，效果可靠，损伤小。     

关节镜下钢丝内固定治疗胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折

目的探讨胫骨髁间棘撕脱性骨折在关节镜下复位钢丝内固定的新方法。方法回顾性分析作者自2004年8月至2008年6月治疗23例胫骨髁间棘撕脱性骨折患者,在关节镜监视下在前交叉韧带定位器引导下,于胫骨结节旁内侧向关节腔制作两个骨隧道,利用空心穿刺针及自制钩针将钢丝穿过髁间棘骨腱交界处,经骨隧道引出关节外打结固定。结果全部病例均获随访,随访时间10个月～3年,所有屈伸膝关节活动度均正常,x线片示骨折愈合,1例有I度前抽屉试验阳性,其余患者均为阴性。Lysholm膝关节功能评分为91～97分,平均为（94．1±1．5）分。结论关节镜下选用本法钢丝内固定治疗胫骨髁间棘撕脱性骨折具有操作简单、安全有效、损伤小等微创技术优点,在临床上值得推广应用。     

关节镜手术治疗胫骨髁间隆突撕脱性骨折

目的 介绍一种对胫骨髁间隆突撕脱骨折及其合并症的微创治疗途径。方法 在关节镜直视下对26例26膝Ⅱ型以上前交叉韧带胫骨髁间隆突撕脱骨折复位，用φ2．0mm套管针自胫骨结节顶点内下钻孔至撕脱骨块骨折端两侧缘，用硬膜外导针导引φ1．3mm的固定钢丝经胫骨撕脱骨块上缘穿过前交叉韧带附丽部，引导钢丝贯穿前交叉韧带至撕脱骨块两缘，再用φ0．6mm的引导钢丝将固定钢丝的两端经骨块侧缘套管引出关节外打结固定，镜下探查膝关节，清除关节内游离的碎骨块，处理合并的半月板损伤。结果 对所有病例进行8～42个月的随访，全部获得了骨性愈合，25例膝关节功能恢复正常。结论 关节镜直视下治疗胫骨髁间隆突撕脱骨折及其合并症，重建前交叉韧带的稳定性，手术简单，可靠易行，创伤小，恢复快，花费少，是一种较理想的手术方法。     

前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的关节镜治疗

目的：探索前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折错位在关节镜下复位及钢丝内固定的新途径。方法：关节镜下骨折块复位及钢丝内固定前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折14例。结果：术后14例骨折块位置满意。所有病例均获正常活动范围。结论：本术式为治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折错位提供了一种新的术式。关节镜下治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折是简便易行和便于推广应用的治疗。     

半月板缝合针引导钢丝关节镜下内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨嵴撕脱骨折

目的 探讨关节镜下半月板缝合针引导钢丝内固定治疗前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）胫骨嵴撕脱骨折的疗效。方法 1999年12月～2005年8月关节镜下应用半月板缝合针引导钢丝内固定治疗ACL胫骨嵴撕脱骨折15例。采用膝关节Lysholm评分对关节镜手术前、后关节功能进行评价,术后定期复查膝关节正侧位X线片。结果 手术操作均在30min以内完成,无关节感染、意外损伤、关节粘连、骨折不愈合并发症发生。15例随访6～54个月,（20.9±15.0）月,复查X线片显示15例骨折愈合良好。术前Lysholm评分10～56分,（19.1±15.2）分,手术后提高至91～100分,（97.5±3.7）分（t=18.483,P=0.000）。2例术后8、14个月出现内固定钢丝断裂,但骨折愈合良好。结论 关节镜下半月板缝合针引导钢丝固定治疗ACL胫骨嵴撕脱骨折,方法简便、适用范围广、创伤小、术后功能恢复满意。     

关节镜下钢丝固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的 探讨关节镜下钢丝内固定治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效.方法 自2003年1月～2009年6月采用关节镜下复位钢丝内固定治疗13例移位的ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,术后可调式支具保护,积极康复训练.采用Lysholm评分对手术前、后膝关节功能进行评价,术后定期复查膝关节X线片.结果 13例获6～3...     

关节镜前入路缝线治疗后交叉韧带撕脱性骨折的临床研究

[目的]探讨关节镜前入路缝线治疗后交叉韧带撕脱性骨折的手术技巧及疗效。[方法]所有患者均行关节镜前入路复位骨折块,利用前交叉韧带胫骨导向器在骨床上精确定位钻成对骨隧道,双股骨科高强缝线关节内横跨撕脱骨折块体部固定骨折块,缝线胫骨末端拴桩固定于关节外螺钉上。比较手术前后膝关节Lysholm评分、IKDC主观评分及影像学资料。[结果]术后随访17~24个月,平均20.6个月。末次随访X线片示所有骨折均获愈合,未出现骨折移位,无神经血管损伤等严重并发症。后抽屉试验、后向Lachman试验、胫骨后沉试验均阴性。手术前、后膝关节Lysholm评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]对于临床上后交叉韧带撕脱性骨折的患者采用关节镜前入路缝线治疗可以获得很好的临床效果,且手术创伤小,术后并发症少,值得临床推广。     

前交叉韧带胫骨棘止点撕脱骨折不同内固定疗效分析

[目的]明确前交叉韧带胫骨棘止点撕脱骨折不同内固定对膝关节稳定性和运动功能的影响。[方法]对45例前交叉韧带胫骨棘止点撕脱骨折患者分别进行关节镜下钢丝、丝线、螺钉复位内固定,术后定期随访,按Ly-sholm膝关节功能评分和IKDC膝关节功能评分对术后膝关节功能进行评估,判断患肢整体功能恢复情况。[结果]关节镜下复位内固定取得了较好的膝关节稳定性和运动功能,膝关节活动范围正常,关节功能良好;关节镜复位内固定术后6个月Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(92.2±2.4)分,术后1 a Lysholm膝关节功能评分(95.1±2.7)分;钢丝组、丝线组、螺钉组等内固定之间的Lysholm膝关节功能评分无显著性差异(P>0.05)。[结论]关节镜下钢丝、丝线、螺钉复位内固定是前交叉韧带胫骨棘止点撕脱骨折的重要治疗手段,术后可获得良好的膝关节功能和稳定性。     

关节镜下后方入路治疗急性后十字韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下通过后内、后外入路加后正中空心套管穿刺、空心螺钉治疗急性后十字韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的效果。方法关节镜下后内、后外入路,复位骨折,用窝部空心套管穿刺,空心钛螺钉固定骨块治疗急性PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折21例,术后观察骨折块位置,愈合情况,膝关节的稳定性及关节功能。结果经随访6~18个月,骨折于3~6个月愈合,位置良好,后抽屉试验均阴性,最大活动度135~150°,Lysholm评分为(90·0±2·5)分。结论该方法治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,具有简单易行,固定牢靠,临床效果好的优点。     

关节镜下辅助复位结合空心钉内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下辅助复位结合空心钉内固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效。方法采用关节镜手术治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折15例。先于关节镜下辅助撬拨复位,然后根据骨折片的大小选择1或2枚AO3.0 mm钛合金空心钉内固定。结果术后15例均获平均13(3~38)个月随访,术后X线片显示骨折均复位良好、固定牢靠,Lysholm膝关节功能评分平均(91.8±2.2)分。结论关节镜下辅助复位结合空心钉内固定是治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折复位、固定有效,术后可获得良好的膝关节功能。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头和壶腹部癌230例分析

了解胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头和壶腹部癌的效果和影响病人生存的因素。方法:分析230例胰头和壶腹部癌的主要表现,辅助检查、手术并发症、手术死亡率,调查术后生存情况及影响病人长期生存的因素。结果:本组病人出现黄疽90.9％,腹痛56.1％,发热32.6％,白陶土样大便13.5％。B超、CT和ERCP检查准确率分别为68.3％、79.3％和66.6％。手术并发症72例(31.3％),死亡20例(8.7％)。术后1、3、5年存活率分别为46.7％,17.4％和52％。肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移和切缘状态是影响病人术后生存的因素,而肿瘤分化程度和病人年龄对生存率无明显影响。结论:胰头和壶腹部癌临床表现有多样性,B超和CT等辅助检查有局限性,手术有高并发症,5年生存率低下,手术治疗远近期效果都不理想。     

Rare type of congenital aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva protruding superiorly into the pericardial space

We report a rare type of aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. The orifice of the aneurysm was in the right sinus of Valsalva and protruded superiorly, which is a direction not typical of right sinus of Valsalva aneurysms. Intraoperatively, it became clear that the aneurysm was located in the right sinus of Valsalva with extracardiac protrusion. Inspection through the aortotomy revealed that the orifice of the aneurysm opened between the orifice of the right coronary artery and the commissure between the right and left coronary cusps. The aneurysm was obliterated with a pledgeted suture from outside the orifice of the aneurysm. Early prophylactic surgical treatment of the aneurysm makes the operation simple and prevents subsequent development of complications, such as compression of the coronary artery, thrombosis, and/or spontaneous rupture.     

中药周期性阶段疗法治疗肝肾阴虚型黄褐斑疗效观察

目的：观察中药周期性阶段疗法治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效。方法：将123例患者随机分为两组,治疗组62例,采用月经后服用补精血颗粒与月经前及经期服用理气养血活血颗粒的周期性阶段治疗;对照组61例,采用补精活血颗粒的持续性给药治疗,2个疗程后判定临床疗效。结果：总有效率治疗组为95.08%,对照组为93.22%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：两组临床疗效相当,均能有效治疗黄褐斑。     

带蹬吊带体系治疗先天性髋脱位

采用带蹬吊带体系治疗出生2月～3岁间婴幼儿先天性髋脱位（congenitaldislocationofthehip，CDH）418例，均获满意复位，并对其中的168例进行了2～11年远期随访。结果表明：近期复位率为100％，远期优良率为95％；患侧髋臼发育与健侧相比无显著性差异。从而证实该体系是治疗CDH的一种比较全面的方法，成功率高、远期效果好及并发症低。同时强调CDH必须早期诊断，及时治疗。     

Successfully resected carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts

Abtract Two cases of carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts are presented. The tumors were successfully removed by resection of the bifurcation in one case, and by left hepatic lobectomy in the other. Some other 38 cases of the same condition collected from the world literature are briefly reviewed and discussed with particular reference to their surgical interventions.     

Anurea caused by primary amyloidosis of the lower third of the ureters,the ureterovesical junction and the urinary bladder

Amyloidosis is a systemic disease affecting many organs, characterized by the deposition and accumulation of hyaline, eosiniphilic and proteinaceous material in various tissues. This report presents a patient with anurea caused by primary amyloidosis of the lower third of the ureters, the ureterovesical junction and the urinary bladder.     

Resection of the inferior head of the pancreas: Report of a case

We developed a new technique for partial resection of the head of the pancreas with an end-to-side pancreaticoduodenostomy, while preserving the duodenum, the common bile duct, and the upper part of the head of the pancreas around the duct of Santorini. A resection of the inferior head of the pancreas was performed in a patient with an intraductal mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas. This procedure is considered to be appropriate for treating both benign disease and noninvasive malignant disease involving either the uncinate process or the duct of Wirsung, because it removes both the uncinate process and the pancreatic tissue around the duct of Wirsung. We thus believe that a resection of the inferior head of the pancreas with an end-to-side pancreaticoduodenostomy can help play a significant role in the management of patients with benign diseases and localized malignant tumors of the pancreas.     

Resection of the head of the pancreas in three patients with anomalous arrangement or occlusive diseases of the major abdominal visceral arteries

We resected the head of the pancreas in three patients with occlusive diseases or anomalous arrangement of the abdominal visceral arteries. The first patient who was diagnosed with cancer of the head of the pancreas; pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) was performed. Preoperative celiac angiography showed no significant occlusion of the celiac axis, while superior mesenteric arteriography visualized the common hepatic artery, with delayed retrograde filling. At the completion of the PD, an unsuspected atherosclerotic celiac occlusion was identified. Celiac reconstruction was performed. The second patient was diagnosed with cystadenoma of the head of the pancreas and had congenital ostial occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), with dilated pancreaticoduodenal (PD) arcades as a celiacomesenteric collateral pathway. Duodenum-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas was performed, with preservation of the PD arcades. The third patient was diagnosed with cancer of the common bile duct, and exhibited a replaced common hepatic artery that arose from the SMA and formed PD arcades. PD was performed, with revascularization of the common hepatic artery. Following surgery, the three patients have done well for 18, 27, and 9 months, respectively. Careful preoperative investigation to identify abnormalities of the visceral arteries is necessary before resection of the head of the pancreas is performed.     

Replacement of the ureter using the urinary bladder

Summary The combination of two well established methods — the bladder-psoas-hitch procedure and the Boari flap — succeeded in replacing 2/3 of the lower ureter. After encouraging results on dogs, we performed this method successfully in one patient.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Wilhelm Brosig, on his 60th birthday, November 27th, 1973.