南京市社区卫生服务利用情况和满意度调查

目的 了解南京市居民对社区卫生服务的利用情况和满意度.方法 采用分层随机抽样方法,在2007年底和2008年底分别对1 302名和1 409名社区卫生服务利用者进行问卷调查,监测和评价其对社区卫生服务的利用情况和满意度.结果 居民到社区卫生服务机构多为病伤诊治和购药,2007年和2008年分别为71.04%和72.82%,其他服务利用较少;自感病轻时选择社区卫生服务机构作为首诊机构的比例最高,2007年和2008年分别为62.37%和71.84%.居民对社区卫生服务机构的满意度较高,其中方便性满意度最高,2008年达到95.60%;对设备设施和药品价格的满意度较低,2007年仅为65.36%和50.92%;2008年各满意度指标较2007年均有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 社区卫生服务机构应主动开展宣传和公共卫生服务,同时提高医疗水平,改善设备设施,降低服务价格和药品价格是提高满意度的关键.     

就诊居民对社区卫生服务的利用及满意度调查

采用偶遇法调查就诊居民对赣州市章贡区社区卫生服务的利用及其评价。结果显示216名居民到社区卫生服务机构就诊的目的中诊疗占81．48％，开药占73．61％；选择社区卫生服务机构就诊的原因中方便占64．35％，态度好占61．11％；就诊居民对社区卫生服务机构的服务态度、医生技能、方便程度等10个方面的总满意度达73．38％；居民首诊地点的选择与医疗保障制度有一定关联。     

太钢某社区居民健康状况及对卫生服务机构利用情况的调查

目的：了解太钢某社区居民的健康状况及对现有卫生服务机构的利用情况，为制定针对性的社区卫生服务计划提供依据。方法：采用单纯随机抽样的方法对太钢某社区居民的500户中的一位家庭成员进行调查，调查表采用封闭式问卷，由居民匿名自填问卷。结果：该社区居民用于看普通疾病的医疗费用的个人负担较低；居民的自觉健康状况和自我健康重视程度以及患病时及时就诊的比例都较高；居民常见的慢性健康问题为高血压、关节炎、糖尿病等。就诊时选择的医疗机构，自感病轻时大部分选择社区卫生服务站和太钢医院，自感病重时大多选择太钢医院和省市级医院；居民到社区卫生服务站就医所需的时间较短、较方便。结论：该社区居民的自我保健意识较高，就医习惯较合理。社区卫生服务站要充分发挥其方便、快捷、价廉等优势，做好居民的常见病和常见慢性健康问题的防治工作。     

不同级别医院开展社区卫生服务的居民满意度分析

目的 了解不同级别医院开展社区卫生服务的居民满意度现状,探索不同级别医疗机构举办社区卫生服务的效果.方法 采用典型抽样调查的方法 ,选取北京市西城区分别由一级、二级、三级医院举办的3家社区卫生服务机构,进行社区卫生服务利用者满意度问卷调查.结果 社区卫生服务利用者总体满意度平均得分为(4.08±0.63)分.不同级别医院举办的社区卫生服务机构内社区卫生服务利用者的总体满意度得分以及子项目就诊距离、就诊程序、服务内容、服务技术、服务价格、就诊环境、医疗设备和信任度方面的满意度间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 三级医疗机构举办社区卫生服务的效果较好,该社区卫生服务运行模式存在一定优势,具有较强的可持续发展性,值得在更大范围内推广.     

成都市某主城区社区卫生服务满意度调查

目的 了解服务利用者对社区卫生服务的满意度的现状、机构差距及影响因素,为提升社区卫生服务质量、缩小机构间服务满意度差距提供依据.方法 定性与定量方法相结合.问卷调查950名门诊患者、电话访谈2 150名重点人群,了解服务利用者对某主城区19个社区卫生服务机构的满意度及其影响因素;应用SPSS软件进行频数分析、卡方检验和聚类分析.结果 95％的门诊患者对社区卫生服务感到总体满意;分项满意度从高到低依次是服务态度、就医环境、技术水平、就医设备;4类重点人群对社区卫生服务的满意度水平分别介于70％ ～100％、60％ ～100％、80％～100％和70％～ 100％之间;门诊患者的总体服务满意度在各个机构之间存在显著性差异;聚类分析将19个机构按满意度水平高中低划分为3类.结论 社区卫生服务管理中应引入全面质量管理理念,促进满意度的提升;重点提升医护人员综合素质,营造人文关怀的机构文化;综合措施缩小机构间满意度差距.     

乌鲁木齐市居民社区卫生服务满意度调查与评价

目的了解乌鲁木齐市居民对社区卫生服务利用的总体情况及满意度,初步分析社区卫生服务中存在的问题和影响因素。方法采用自行设计的社区卫生服务满意度调查表,随机抽样调查6家社区卫生服务机构（4家为政府举办,2家为社会力量举办）共600名居民,对其满意度情况进行调查。结果（1）居民选择社区卫生服务机构的主要原因是“方便快捷”、“候诊时间短”。社区居民健康档案的建档率（38．3％）未达到规定比例,健康教育讲座参加率（23．7％）较低。居民对社区卫生服务机构的综合满意度为85．0％。对就诊方便程度和候诊时间满意度最高,分别为96．5％和96．8％;对设备条件、医疗技术和药品价格的满意度最低,分别为64．2％、69．4％和62．9％。（3）居民对社区卫生服务站的就诊环境、服务价格、药品价格等的满意度均低于社区卫生服务中心。（4）居民对由社会力量举办的社区卫生服务机构在服务价格、药品价格、医疗技术和总体满意度低于由政府举办的社区卫生服务机构,而其在服务态度方面高于由政府举办的社区卫生服务机构。结论加强社区卫生服务机构的内涵建设,推进社区卫生服务的可持续发展。     

安徽省某地区居民社区卫生服务利用程度及满意度调查分析

目的：了解安徽省某地区居民对社区卫生服务机构利用程度及居民满意度现况,以期为改善社区卫生服务质量和制定相应措施提供理论依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取安徽省某地区64个社区卫生服务机构共计812名居民进行问卷调查。结果：该地区居民选择社区卫生服务的主要原因是＂离家近、方便＂、＂态度好＂,分别为70.8%和37.0%;居民对就诊方便程度、就诊等候时间、医患沟通满意度较高,对医疗硬件设备设施满意度较低。结论：应不断完善和落实社区卫生服务相关制度保障,增加财政投入,加大宣传力度,提高人才队伍的服务水平,改善医疗设备设施。     

三级甲等医院出院患者对社区卫生服务机构的知晓度和利用度及满意度

目的 了解三级甲等医院的出院患者对社区卫生服务机构的知晓度、利用度及满意度.方法 对调查日前半年内某三级甲等医院的353名出院患者进行问卷调查,内容包括出院患者的一般情况、对社区卫生服务机构的利用情况、影响患者到社区卫生服务机构就诊的因素等.结果 35.4%的被调查者曾在社区卫生服务机构就诊,但因本次住院疾病就诊者仅占8.8%.曾经就诊的患者中,对社区卫生服务机构的就医环境满意度最高,为38.4%;对医疗技术满意度较低,为16.8%.在社区卫生服务机构就诊的患者的平均年龄为(60±18)岁,未就诊的患者平均年龄为(54±21)岁,二者间差异有统计学意义(P=0.003).不同文化程度的患者社区卫生服务机构就诊率间差异无统计学意义(P=0.103).结论 三级甲等医院出院患者对社区卫生服务机构的功能缺乏了解,进而不信任且不选择社区就诊.而实际就诊过的患者,多数是满意的.     

银川市社区卫生服务现状及就诊居民满意度调查分析

目的调查银川市对社区卫生服务的工作现状及就诊居民的满意度,了解银川市开展社区卫生服务过程中存在的问题和今后的发展前景。方法采用偶遇法对前来社区卫生服务站就诊的411名居民进行社区卫生服务机构各项工作满意度的调查,同时对银川市社区卫生服务机构的工作现状进行了抽样调查。结果除医生技能、医疗设备和医疗费用外,就诊居民对社区卫生服务的满意度均高于80.0%;就诊居民对社区卫生服务机构医疗设备的满意度最低,仅为38.4%。社区卫生服务机构均设立了家庭健康档案,健康教育主要是健康宣教,康复方式主要是口头指导,85.7%的社区卫生服务机构开展了计划免疫工作。结论应着力改善社区卫生服务机构的硬件设施,合理调整医疗费用模式,提高医务人员的技术水平,使社区卫生服务工作为更多的居民所接受。     

三城市就诊患者对社区卫生服务的知晓与利用情况研究

目的了解合肥市、南京市、西安市就诊患者对社区卫生服务的利用情况以及对公共卫生服务的知晓与利用情况。方法采用出口拦截调查的方法,对合肥市、南京市、西安市三城市社区卫生服务机构的就诊患者进行问卷调查。结果三城市就诊患者对就医机构的选择意愿及卫生服务利用情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三城市就诊患者对公共卫生服务的知晓与利用情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三城市的社区卫生服务机构主要还是以医疗服务为主,机构的公共卫生职能较弱。社区卫生服务机构应加大宣传力度,提高其公共卫生服务的知晓度和可及性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.