前纵裂入路显微手术切除巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的 探讨经前纵裂入路显微手术切除巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤的方法、适应证及疗效.方法 采用前纵裂入路切除直径>4 cm鞍结节脑膜瘤30例,并对其临床资料及随访结果进行回顾性分析.结果 手术切除结果按Simpson分级:Ⅰ级24例,Ⅱ级5例,共29例,占96.7%.术后视力改善20例,无改变6例,下降4例.尿崩或电解质紊乱8例,经保守治疗后好转,无死亡病例.结论 前纵裂入路是切除巨大鞍结节脑膜瘤良好的手术入路,暴露充分,可提高伞切除率和改善视力,并发症少.     

颅内占位误诊为视神经炎9例分析

<正> 例1女性,39岁,右视力逐渐下降3月,伴眼眶疼痛,门诊查右视力O.02;查体:右瞳光反应欠灵敏,眼底阴性,神经系体征阴性;中周视野图示视野向心性缩小,眼科诊为球后视神经炎,腰穿检查脑脊液压力100H_2O,蛋白95mg/dl,IgG24小时合成率37.456,球后注射治疗8次后右视力0.1,行头颅MRI示前颅底、鞍结节及周围占位,以鞍结节脑膜瘤可能性大。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床特征及手术治疗（附21例报告）

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床特征及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2003年10月2008年10月收治的21例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果21例肿瘤均全切。术后视力改善19例,无变化1例,死亡1例。结论鞍结节脑膜瘤临床表现以视力下降为主,合适的手术入路及术中对鞍结节周围重要结构的保护对改善患者的预后有重要帮助。     

前纵裂入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的 探讨前纵裂入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术技术以及安全性、有效性,特别关注术后视力的变化.方法 回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院神经外科2005年1月至2010年12月连续收治的21例前纵裂入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料.术后MRI评价肿瘤是否全切,眼科评价术后视力变化.结果 随访3 -58个月,肿瘤全切19例(SimpsonⅡ级),l例复发;2例大部切除.21例患者中,视力好转15例,无变化5例,1例恶化.2例患者出现额叶静脉性梗死.结论 尽管病例数较少,随访时间也较短,本研究结果基本可以说明前纵裂入路切除鞍结节脑膜瘤是安全有效的.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤手术疗效分析

目的 探讨显微手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤的疗效和预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年1月鞍结节脑膜瘤手术病例38例.男12例,女26例,年龄24～69岁,平均36.5岁.所有患者术前、术后均行头颅CT和(或)MRI检查.视力、视野障碍为其主要临床表现.经单侧额下入路13例,经翼点入路17例,经额纵裂入路8例.结果 本组手术全切除32例,次全切除6例.视力较术前明显改善30例,无明显变化6例,视力加重2例,围手术期死亡1例.17例患者获得随访3个月-5年,14例生活自理,3例需照顾,其中随访期内复发1例,第1次手术2年后再次手术.结论 根据肿瘤不同生长方式选择恰当的手术入路及手术策略,娴熟的显微外科技术及经验,是提高肿瘤全切除率,减少并发症的关键因素,术后视力恢复程度与手术技术、术前视力受累时间及程度密切相关.     

亚急性肾小管间质损伤合并神经性贪食症1例

1 病例 女,24岁.因"肾功能异常伴低钾血症1年"于2011年5月7日人本院肾内科.患者于1年前因自觉肥胖而服用减肥药后出现急性肾衰,入院行血液透析后好转出院.此后多次因服用减肥药出现肾功异常、低钾、代谢性碱中毒而住院治疗;肾活检示亚急性肾小管间质损伤,符合亚急性肾小管间质肾病;经糖皮质激素及对症治疗好转.近1年来经常暴饮、暴食后自行催吐,伴随乏力、情绪低落、自卑、思维迟钝、记忆减退.查体:血压100/60 mmHg,血钾2.2 mmol/L,血钠130.0mmol/L,血氯65 mmol/L,肌酐222.2 umoL/L,尿素氮16.3 mmol/L,尿酸859.7 umol/L,反应蛋白17.3 Iu/L,核医学肾检查示双肾功能轻度受损;双肾彩超示双侧慢性肾病改变;24 h尿量白蛋白定量566 mg,肾功能系列血β2-微球蛋白9498 ng/ml,尿免疫球蛋白G44.85 ug/ml,尿α1-微球蛋白134 mmg/L.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的影像学特征及翼点锁孔手术治疗

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的影像学特点及翼点锁孔入路显微手术治疗的效果。方法 回顾性分析98例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,均采用翼点锁孔入路开颅显微手术切除肿瘤。结果 本组98例鞍结节脑膜瘤增强MRI呈显著均一强化,84例伴有脑膜尾征。本组肿瘤全切除80例,次全切除18例。本组无手术死亡病例。术后随访2月~10年,10例复发。结论 掌握鞍结节脑膜瘤的特征性影像学表现对于术前正确诊断具有重要价值。翼点锁孔入路显微手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤效果良好,具有创伤小、并发症少、病人术后恢复快等优点。     

改良翼点入路显微切除鞍结节脑膜瘤

目的 总结经改良翼点入路显微手术切除鞍结节脑膜瘤的经验. 方法回顾性分析广州军区武汉总医院神经外科自2001年1月至2007年4月应用改良翼点入路显微手术治疗的26例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料. 结果 26例患者获Simpson Ⅰ级切除11例,Ⅱ级切除14例,Ⅲ级切除1例.术后视力损害和视野缺损均有不同程度恢复23例,1例视力无改变,术后视力下降2例经治疗后改善.7例术后出现不同程度的尿崩,经对症治疗约10 d后好转.无1例死亡.随访6个月～5年,肿瘤无复发. 结论改良翼点入路可对中颅窝、前颅窝、鞍区及鞍旁病变进行良好暴露,能处理各种类型的鞍结节脑膜瘤,提高全切除率,减少术后并发症,值得临床推广应用.     

20例重型颅脑外伤后脑性盐耗综合征的观察与护理

目的 探讨重型颅脑外伤后脑性盐耗综合征(CSWS)的观察和护理.方法 对20例重型颅脑外伤后发生CSWS患者临床资料进行分析,观察患者意识变化,监测尿量、尿比重、血清钠、血浆渗透压、血抗利尿激素(ADH)浓度及中心静脉压(CVP),并探讨相应的护理对策.结果 所有病例血清钠＜130mmol/L,血浆渗透压＜270mmol/L,尿钠＞80mmol/24h,抗利尿激素(ADH)浓度不高.经补钠补水治疗,患者均在2周左右恢复正常.结论 通过对患者意识状态的变化和对尿量、尿钠、血浆渗透压、尿渗透压等指标的监测,可以协助CSWS的早期诊断和治疗,加强对患者饮食和气道等护理,可以减少并发症,促进患者早日康复.     

完全内生型鞍膈脑膜瘤1例报道

1临床资料男,39岁,因间断性头痛、进行性视力下降6个月入院。体格检查:左眼视力0.7、右眼0.1,右颞侧偏盲。头颅MRI示垂体窝扩大,鞍内见实性占位病变,大小约1.5 cm×2.3 cm×2.0 cm,T1W等信号,T2W略高信号,增强扫描后中度强化,垂体柄受压,显示不清,垂体信号难以辩认,视交叉受压(图1)。血清泌乳素1 149 uIU/ml。入院诊断:垂体腺瘤,不排除鞍膈脑膜瘤。全麻下行右翼点锁孔入路肿瘤切除术,术中见肿瘤突破鞍膈,包膜完整,质韧,血运丰富,垂体柄位于肿瘤正后上方,肿瘤切除后其下方见受压变薄的垂体组织。病理诊断:脑膜瘤,细胞生长活跃。术后双眼…     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.