32例面神经鞘瘤临床分析

目的:分析总结面神经鞘瘤的临床特点、手术策略选择、面神经修复方法及效果.方法:收集中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院2010年1月-2018年12月外科手术治疗的面神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料,包括面神经鞘瘤的侧别、临床表现、影像学结果、肿瘤累及范围、处理方式、术前及术后面神经功能.结果:32例面神经鞘瘤患者的主要临床表现依次为面神经麻...     

面神经肿瘤6例临床分析

目的讨论并分析面神经肿瘤患者的临床特征、诊断以及不同类型面神经肿瘤和不同程度面瘫患者的手术方式的选择。方法回顾性分析临床资料较为完整的面神经肿瘤6例,面神经功能评估采用House-Brackmann分级(下文简称HB分级)。结果首发症状中,面瘫3例,外耳道肿物2例,听力下降1例。肿瘤病变部位位于面神经垂直段2例,水平段1例,膝状神经节、水平段1例,锥曲段、垂直段以及颞骨外段1例,中颅窝至垂直段1例。高分辨率CT(HRCT)可见面神经膨胀性生长,表现为面神经管增粗,充满软组织影,相应骨质破坏,边缘多光滑,水平段可见听小骨向外推压;磁共振成像(MRI)多表现为信号不均匀边缘光滑的肿物占位。术前面神经HB分级I级3例,II级1例,IV级1例,VI级1例。所有病例均进行手术诊治,2例行面神经活检术,2例肿瘤切除术,2例肿瘤切除后行耳大神经修复术。术后病理报告:神经鞘膜瘤5例,神经纤维瘤1例。随访15月-5年,2例面神经肿瘤活检的患者以及1例面神经肿瘤切除的患者均无面瘫发生,1例面神经肿瘤切除的患者术后HB分级由IV级变为VI级,2例面神经肿瘤切除后行耳大神经移植术的患者术前术后面瘫程度无变化。结论对面瘫发生时间长或者反复发作的患者,HRCT、MRI等影像学检查是排除肿瘤的必要手段,其治疗方案可根据其面神经功能来确定,面瘫轻的患者可考虑面神经活检与减压手术,面瘫重的患者可考虑肿瘤切除与神经移植术。     

腮腺内面神经鞘瘤：附5例临床分析

对５例腮腺内面神经鞘瘤的临床分析表明，１例有面部麻木及胀痛感，５例均曾误诊为腮腺混合瘤；肿瘤起源于面神经主干及主要分支，其中２例术时神经保全良好，３例因灰恶性肿瘤而施行了神经切除。对本病的临床与诊断及手术中的并发症１预防和处理作了讨论。     

面神经鞘瘤及纤维瘤6例报告

原发性面神经鞘瘤和面神经纤维瘤较为罕见,国内外文献报告甚少。我科自1975～1998年间收治6例,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料     

面神经瘤5例临床分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨面神经瘤的临床特点,诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2005年2月~2016年6月江苏省苏北人民医院收治的5例面神经瘤患者的临床资料,分析其临床症状、体征特点,诊断要点及手术技巧。结果5例患者均表现为中、重度面瘫,按HB分级法,面神经功能Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅵ级2例,其中面瘫病程1年以内3例,1年半1例,18年1例。5例均伴一定程度听力下降,1例感音神经性聋,言语频率纯音平均听阈60dB HL,1例传导性聋,言语频率纯音平均听阈65dB HL;3例混合性聋,言语频率纯音平均听阈分别为65、80、100dB HL。3例患者术前磁共振成像(MRI)示瘤体累及面神经水平段及垂直段,1例累及腮腺,近颈静脉孔区,1例接近桥小脑角及内听道段。所有患者均行手术治疗,其中3例经乳突径路、2例经颞下窝A型径路手术,切除肿瘤同时行Ⅰ期面神经重建3例,肿瘤与面神经同时切除2例;术后病理报告面神经鞘瘤4例,面神经纤维瘤1例。随访6个月~7年,均未复发。3例Ⅰ期面神经重建的患者中2例面神经功能Ⅳ级、1例Ⅴ级。结论面神经瘤术前需行高分辨率CT(HRCT)或MRI检查,为手术方式选择提供依据;目前治疗方法以手术为主,彻底切除肿瘤同时应尽可能保留面神经纤维或术中行面神经重建术。     

面神经瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨面神经瘤的临床表现、早期诊断和治疗,为面神经瘤的早期诊断和治疗提供临床经验。方法采用回顾性方法,对6例面神经瘤的诊断和治疗过程进行分析。面神经瘤的手术入路为,颅中窝—乳突径路1例,乳突径路4例,乳突腮腺联合径路1例。3例面神经瘤切除后同期进行耳大神经移植。结果面神经瘤完全切除6例,术后随访一年,6例均无复发,病理检查面神经鞘膜瘤5例,面神经纤维瘤1例。面神经功能恢复House-Brackmann评级:Ⅱ级1例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级2例,Ⅵ级1例。结论虽然面神经瘤的发生率低,但是只要了解其临床特点,加以重视并借助影像学手段,可以早期诊断,早期治疗,提高疗效。对于面神经瘤的治疗根据不同情况可考虑不同径路摘除肿瘤并行面神经重建手术。     

面神经瘤误诊分析

目的总结分析面神经瘤误诊的原因，提高对面神经瘤的认识。方法1993年1月至2006年9月手术治疗的28例面神经瘤患者，11例有误诊的经历。所有患者均行CT或MRI检查、纯音测听，面神经功能的评估采用House-Brackman（HB）系统。结果11例患者被误诊。2例术前被误诊为腮腺肿块，行腮腺浅叶切除术，术中发现肿块来自面神经。4例单侧面神经麻痹长期外院误诊为贝尔面神经麻痹，病史1至8年。由于长期面神经麻痹无好转，行影像学检查发现面神经占位病变。2例复发性面神经麻痹误诊为贝尔面神经麻痹，行影像学检查发现均为面神经膝状神经节占位。1例因左耳渐进性听力下降，体检见外耳道新生物，诊断为外耳道新生物，行活组织检查示神经鞘瘤，进一步影像学检查提示为面神经瘤。1例右耳流脓数年，面神经麻痹1个月。查体示右鼓膜穿孔，CT检查诊断为慢性中耳炎行手术，术中见上鼓室肿块同面神经关系密切，取部分组织送病理，术后病理为面神经鞘瘤。另1例面神经麻痹1年半，CT检查误诊为先天性胆脂瘤，入院后发现乳突肿块同面神经关系密切，MRI证实为面神经肿瘤并且侵及腮腺内面神经。11例均经手术和病理证实。结论面神经瘤较罕见，不为大多数临床耳科医生熟悉，在临床中易被漏诊和误诊。临床中，如贝尔面神经麻痹半年内无好转现象或患者表现为反复面神经麻痹，应行影像学检查排除面神经瘤的可能。如患者出现面神经麻痹，CT示中耳占位并同面神经关系密切时，行MRI检查可同中耳胆脂瘤、肉芽、胆固醇肉芽肿等区分。腮腺肿块同面神经总干关系密切者应警惕面神经可能。     

耳大神经移植修复面神经缺损的临床研究

目的:探讨采用耳大神经移植修复面神经缺损的可行性。方法:采用耳大神经移植修复面神经缺损14例,手术方式为经乳突进路面神经移植术。以House-Brackmann(HB)分级法评估手术前和手术后面神经功能。结果:在8例颞骨骨折所致面神经麻痹的患者中,颞骨骨折的类型均为纵形骨折,面神经受累及的部位主要在第2膝及其附近,术前面神经功能均为Ⅵ级。3例面神经肿瘤中面神经呈多节段受累,病理结果均为神经鞘膜瘤,术前面神经功能Ⅲ级1例、Ⅴ级2例。医源性损伤2例患者原发病均为胆脂瘤中耳炎,损伤部位分别为面神经乳突段和第2膝。1例钢水烧伤面神经损伤部位在面神经鼓室段,术前面神经功能Ⅵ级。除3例患者失访外,其余患者术后面神经功能恢复Ⅲ级4例、Ⅳ级3例、Ⅴ级2例、Ⅵ级2例。结论:颞骨骨折是导致面神经离断的最常见原因,以耳大神经移植修复面神经缺损是一种实用有效的方法,面神经移植后神经功能恢复最佳可达HBⅢ级。     

手术治疗面神经瘫痪病人27例

目的;探讨影响面神经瘫痪手术治疗效果的因素。方法：对２７例手术后病例进行疗效分析。结果：年龄小,手术早,进路合理,损伤轻及位置低的病例疗效满意;２１例术后疗效达Ｈｏｕｓｅ Ⅰ￣Ⅱ级（２１／２７）,余６例为≥Ⅲ级,结论：认为根据不同病因及损伤范围选择合适的径路,充分探量,避免遗漏,是提高疗效的关键。     

周围性面瘫41例临床分析

目的 总结周围性面瘫的疗效及治疗体会.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年7月-2009年1月间41例周围性面瘫患者的临床资料,以House-Brackman(HB)分级法作为疗效评估标准.结果 41例患者中Bell面瘫14例,Hunt综合征11例,胆脂瘤型中耳炎致面瘫8例,外伤性面瘫4例,颞骨肿瘤致面瘫4例.治疗前面瘫HB分级Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级11例,Ⅳ级13例,Ⅴ级12例,Ⅵ级3例.22例行单纯药物治疗;19例行手术治疗:其中单纯行面神经减压术6例,病变切除+面神经减压术10例,病变切除+面神经移植术2例,病变切除+面神经垂直段切除术1例.治疗后随访8月～4年半,除2例患者面瘫无明显改善外,其他患者均有不同程度的恢复;6例经药物治疗无效的患者经面神经减压术后1例恢复至I级、3例恢复至Ⅱ级、2例恢复至Ⅲ级.结论 周围性面瘫经及时、恰当的药物或手术治疗,大多可获得满意疗效;对于保守治疗无效者,及时果断地行面神经减压术是有效的治疗手段.     

Intratemporal facial nerve ultrastructure in patients with idiopathic facial paralysis. Viral infection evidence study

The etiology of idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (IPFP) is still uncertain; however, some authors suggest the possibility of a viral infection.Aimto analyze the ultrastructure of the facial nerve seeking viral evidences that might provide etiological data.Material and MethodsWe studied 20 patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP), with moderate to severe FP, of both genders, between 18-60 years of age, from the Clinic of Facial Nerve Disorders. The patients were broken down into two groups - Study: eleven patients with IPFP and Control: nine patients with trauma or tumor-related PFP. The fragments were obtained from the facial nerve sheath or from fragments of its stumps - which would be discarded or sent to pathology exam during the facial nerve repair surgery. The removed tissue was fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde, and studied under Electronic Transmission Microscopy.ResultsIn the study group we observed an intense repair cellular activity by increased collagen fibers, fibroblasts containing developed organelles, free of viral particles. In the control group this repair activity was not evident, but no viral particles were observed.ConclusionThere were no viral particles, and there were evidences of intense activity of repair or viral infection.     

Free vascularized nerve grafting for immediate facial nerve reconstruction

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To obtain better functional results after reconstruction to treat facial palsy in the patients with preoperative and intraoperative factors that might inhibit functional recovery, the authors have used free vascularized nerve grafts to immediately reconstruct severed facial nerves. STUDY DESIGN: The indications for vascularized nerve grafts were 1) scarred recipient bed attributable to previous operations, 2) a history of previous irradiation at the wound, 3) facial skin defects over the nerve graft after tumor ablation, 4) patient age greater than 60 years, and 5) preoperative facial palsy. METHODS: Four types of free vascularized nerves were used. Functional recovery after reconstruction could be assessed with two facial nerve grading systems.Ten patients who underwent immediate reconstruction of severed facial nerve after ablative surgery of malignant tumors of the parotid gland were reviewed. RESULTS: Functional recovery after reconstruction could be assessed with the House-Brackmann grading system and a 40-point grading system in 6 of the 10 patients after a mean follow-up period of 29.8 months (range, 10-60 mo). Results with the House-Brackmann system were grade II in 1 patient, grade III in 4 patients, and grade IV in 1 patient; scores on the 40-point grading system were 20 in 1 patient, 22 in 3 patients, 24 in 1 patient, and 28 in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: The study results indicated that muscle movement recovers satisfactorily after free vascularized nerve grafting. Although a study comparing vascularized nerve grafts and conventional nerve grafts would be necessary to confirm the superiority of vascularized nerve grafts, free vascularized nerve grafts are effective for immediate reconstruction of the severed facial nerve in patients with preoperative and intraoperative factors that might inhibit functional recovery.     

Postparotidectomy facial nerve paralysis: possible etiologic factors and results with routine facial nerve monitoring.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the incidence and factors responsible for postparotidectomy facial nerve paralysis when the surgery is performed with the routine use of facial nerve monitoring. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized study. METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients underwent parotidectomy with intraoperative facial nerve monitoring. Two devices were used: a custom mechanical transducer and a commercial electromyograph-based apparatus. All patients were analyzed, including those with cancer and those with deliberate or accidental sectioning of facial nerve branches. The outcome variables were the motor facial nerve function according to the House-Brackmann grading scale (HB) at 1 week (temporary paralysis) and 6 to 12 months (definitive paralysis). Facial nerve grading was performed blindly from reviewing videotapes. RESULTS: The overall incidence of facial paralysis (HB>1) was 27% for temporary and 4% for permanent deficits. Most of the deficits were partial, most often concerning the marginal mandibular branch. Temporary deficits with HB scores of greater than 2 were only present in patients with parotid cancer or infection. Permanent deficits were present in three patients, including one patient with facial nerve sacrifice. Factors significantly associated with an increased incidence of temporary facial paralysis include the extent of parotidectomy, the intraoperative sectioning of facial nerve branches, the histopathology and the size of the lesion, and the duration of the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a stringent accounting of postoperative facial nerve deficits, these data compare favorably to the literature with or without the use of monitoring. An overall incidence of 27% for temporary facial paralysis and 4% for permanent facial paralysis was found. Although the lack of a control group precludes definitive conclusions on the role of electromyograph-based facial nerve monitoring in routine parotidectomy, the authors found its use very helpful.     

Intratemporal facial nerve neuroma: anatomical location and radiological features

OBJECTIVES: To present the imaging findings and anatomical locations of a series of 88 facial nerve neuromas from two centers over a 30-year period. We describe the salient radiological features of neuromas in each anatomical location and outline the ways in which modern imaging techniques have altered our perception of this entity. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of tumors presenting to two tertiary care referral institutions since 1970. METHODS: The charts and available imaging of patients with the diagnosis of facial neuroma were reviewed. These patients presented to the House Ear Clinic between 1970 and 1994 and to the University of Utah Medical Center (Salt Lake City, UT) between 1986 and August 2000. We examined anatomical location to determine patterns of tumor presentation and compared the findings before and after the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: All segments of the facial nerve were represented. Overall, multiple-segment tumors were almost twice as common (63.6%) as single-segment tumors (36.4%). Before the advent of MRI, all segments of the nerve from the cerebellopontine angle to the tympanic portion were almost equally represented (29.5%-36.3%). After MRI, the geniculate ganglion (68.2%) and labyrinthine portion (52.3%) were by far the most commonly affected areas. Before MRI, there were, on average, 1.89 segments involved per tumor. After MRI, this average number increased to 2.57 segments per tumor. Radiologically, the high-resolution computed tomography and MRI features cannot be generalized. Rather, the imaging features depend on which segments are involved. This is because of the variation in the surrounding anatomical landscape of the facial nerve in its course through the temporal bone. CONCLUSION: The more sensitive imaging provided by newer radiological techniques has altered our perception of facial neuroma. It has provided us with an increased ability to diagnose and fully evaluate this neoplasm preoperatively, allowing improved patient counseling and surgical planning.