雷公藤多甙对豚鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的干预研究

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)是由CD4 T淋巴细胞所介导的自身免疫性疾病,因其发生于动物中枢神经系统内,在临床表现、病理特征及免疫学特性等方面与人类多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)极为相似,因而已被当作经典实验动物模型而     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠血CD4+CD25+T细胞的研究

目的探讨实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)动物模型血CD4 CD25 T细胞的变化及其意义。方法以豚鼠全脊髓匀浆(GPSCH)为抗原免疫Wistar大鼠,建立EAE的动物模型,采用三色流式细胞仪检测EAE和正常大鼠外周血CD4 CD25 T细胞的细胞数并进行比较;通过观察大鼠行为学及脑和脊髓的病理改变确定EAE。结果EAE模型大鼠的成功率为48.9%,EAE大鼠外周血CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞数(5.29±4.00)显著低于正常对照组(12.61±2.24)(P<0.01)。结论EAE大鼠血CD4 CD25 T细胞数明显减少,CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞对神经系统脱髓鞘疾病是一种保护因子。     

MOG诱导实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠模型的建立及CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞检测

目的 探讨采用分子克隆技术合成MOGIgd-TrxA融合蛋白免疫C57BL/6小鼠并建立多发性硬化(MS)动物模型实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的可行性;通过检测EAE小鼠脾脏中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞数量初步探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在EAE发病机制中的作用.方法 (1)分子克隆技术合成MOGIgd-TrxA融合蛋白,纯化、超滤浓缩后用Bradford法测定蛋白浓度.(2)C57BL/6小鼠分为MOGIgd-TrxA组(MOG组)、豚鼠脊髓匀浆组(GPSCH组)、硫氧还蛋白组(TrxA组)及正常对照组(NC组) 4组,12只/组,各组以相应抗原乳剂免疫小鼠制作EAE模型后评估其临床神经功能、组织病理学改变(HE染色和髓鞘Luxol fast blue染色)并评价模型质量. (3)流式细胞仪(FACS)检测小鼠脾脏中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞百分比.结果 (1)纯化浓缩后MOGIgd-TrxA蛋白纯度达98%左右,浓度约2.3 mg/mL.(2)MOG组小鼠与GPSCH组小鼠在临床神经功能评分等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组发病动物组织切片HE染色和髓鞘染色均有不同程度病理改变.(3)CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞占CD4+ T细胞比例MOG组为(4.71±1.61)%,GPSCH组为(1.44±0.65)%,均明显低于正常对照组[(9.22±1.24)%]和TrxA组[(8.97±1.20)%](P<0.01).结论 (1)分子克隆技术合成的MOGIgd蛋白免疫C57BL/6小鼠能够成功诱导出EAE模型,且模型稳定、发病率高,这为进一步研究MS免疫发病机制并采取有效治疗措施提供了一定依据.(2)CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞数量与EAE小鼠临床表现呈相关关系.     

雷公藤内酯醇对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠脑和脊髓ICAM-1表达的影响

目的探讨雷公藤内酯醇(Triptolide,Tri)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠脑和脊髓细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)表达的影响。方法模型组采用豚鼠髓鞘蛋白匀浆和福(氏)完全佐剂诱发大鼠急性EAE,治疗组在此基础上给予不同剂量Tri[0.2 mg/(kg.d),0.4 mg/(kg.d)],观察其临床表现并进行评分。采用Loyez(氏)髓鞘染色法观察髓鞘病理改变,免疫组化法检测脑和脊髓ICAM-1表达。结果高剂量Tri治疗组大鼠未出现临床症状,其髓鞘结构完整;低剂量Tri治疗组临床症状较模型组轻且发病时间延迟,其髓鞘部分脱失。高剂量Tri治疗组ICAM-1阳性血管数为2.31±1.23,与模型组和低剂量Tri治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论Tri对EAE的治疗作用与其抑制ICAM-1表达有关。     

雷公藤内酯醇对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎大鼠行为和MMP-9表达的影响

目的:观察雷公藤内酯醇(Tri)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)中MMP-9表达的影响。方法:建立雌性EAE大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分为4组:治疗组(EAE Tri组);阳性对照组(EAE NS组);正常对照组(CFA Tri组、CFA NS组),观察Tri对EAE大鼠发病情况的影响,并通过免疫组化法观察Tri对EAE大鼠CNS中MMP-9表达的影响。结果:与EAE NS组比较,EAE Tri组的发病率明显降低,临床评分的平均值和最高值均降低,大鼠脑脊髓白质内炎性细胞浸润和病灶数比EAE NS组明显减少。免疫组化:EAE Tri组大鼠CNS中的MMP-9表达比EAE NS组明显减低。正常对照组大鼠均未发病,CNS中也无炎性细胞浸润及MMP-9表达。结论:Tri能抑制EAE大鼠CNS中MMP-9的表达,减轻EAE大鼠临床症状、降低发病率。     

黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎中的作用

目的探讨黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病中的作用。方法将20只大鼠随机分为正常对照组及EAE组,EAE组采用粗制髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)抗原注入大鼠后足掌皮下(0. 2 ml/100 g)制作EAE模型,观察大鼠的发病情况及病理表现;并采用免疫组织化学法检测两组大鼠脑组织CD44的含量。结果正常对照组大鼠未发病,EAE组大鼠均有不同程度的发病。HE染色后,光镜下观察,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓无异常; EAE组大鼠可见脑及脊髓实质内小血管充血,小静脉周围有大量炎性细胞浸润,血管周围白质脱髓鞘改变。免疫组化显示,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓组织未发现CD44阳性细胞; EAE组大鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)白质及灰白质交界处可见大量CD44阳性细胞。结论 EAE模型中存在黏附分子CD44的高表达,其对EAE的发病可能起到促进作用。     

黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎中的作用

目的 探讨黏附分子CD44在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）发病中的作用。方法 将20只大鼠随机分为正常对照组及EAE组,EAE组采用粗制髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）抗原注入大鼠后足掌皮下（0.2 ml/100 g）制作EAE模型,观察大鼠的发病情况及病理表现;并采用免疫组织化学法检测两组大鼠脑组织CD44的含量。结果 正常对照组大鼠未发病,EAE组大鼠均有不同程度的发病。HE染色后,光镜下观察,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓无异常;EAE组大鼠可见脑及脊髓实质内小血管充血,小静脉周围有大量炎性细胞浸润,血管周围白质脱髓鞘改变。免疫组化显示,正常对照组大鼠脑和脊髓组织未发现CD44阳性细胞;EAE组大鼠中枢神经系统（CNS）白质及灰白质交界处可见大量CD44阳性细胞。结论 EAE模型中存在黏附分子CD44的高表达,其对EAE的发病可能起到促进作用。     

载脂蛋白E拟肽对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠脑脊髓CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞表达的影响

目的 探讨载脂蛋白(Apo)E拟肽对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠脑脊髓CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞表达的影响.方法 40只C57BL/6J雌性小鼠随机分成EAE组、EAE治疗组、正常对照组、正常治疗组;采用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白制备的完全抗原诱导EAE模型小鼠.免疫诱导次日,EAE治疗组和正常治疗组小鼠每隔2d皮下注射ApoE拟肽,EAE组和正常对照组小鼠皮下注射等量的生理盐水.免疫诱导后各组每日进行神经功能缺损评分(NDS);35 d后用免疫组化检测各组小鼠脑脊髓CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞的表达.结果 EAE治疗组NDS的峰值及终末评分显著低于EAE组(均P＜0.05).与正常对照组及正常治疗组比较,EAE组大脑、脑干和脊髓中CD4+T细胞数明显增高,大脑CD8+T细胞数明显增高(均P＜0.05).EAE治疗组小鼠大脑、脑干、脊髓组织CD4+T细胞表达显著低于EAE组(均P＜0.05);两组间CD8+T细胞表达水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 ApoE拟肽可抑制CD4+T细胞的表达,减轻免疫炎症反应,对EAE小鼠有神经保护作用;而对CD8+T细胞的表达无明显影响.     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的历史和现状

<正> 多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是一种中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)炎性脱髓鞘性自身免疫性疾病,其确切的发病机制仍不清楚,研究MS的实验动物模型成为探索该病病因学的最佳途径和方法。MS的实验动物模型主要分为免疫介导模型和病毒诱导模型两种,其中以免疫介导模型多用,该模型主要是通过注射CNS髓鞘蛋白(或分子肽段)与抗原佐剂的乳化复合物诱导动物对抗原反     

自身反应性CD8+中心记忆性T细胞对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎致病作用

目的 探讨自身反应性CD8+中心记忆性T细胞(TCM)在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)中的致病作用.方法 用髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)35-55肽段/完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)乳化液于雌性C57BL/6(B6)小鼠背部4点皮下注射,在0 h(CFA乳化液注射当时)及48 h时间点分别予以百日咳毒素(PTX)腹腔注...     

Control of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by CD4+ suppressor T cells: peripheral versus in situ immunoregulation

The pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be efficiently kept under control by specialized subsets of CD4+ T lymphocytes able to negatively regulate the function of T cells with encephalitogenic potential. A number of observations support a role for such suppressor T cells in controlling early phases of disease development at the level of peripheral lymphoid organs but there is also evidence suggesting immunoregulation within the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment itself. This review evaluates the sites of regulation based on available data from distinct experimental models. We then discuss these aspects with reference to suppressor CD4+ T cells induced through the epicutaneous application of pure CNS antigens that confer long term protection against EAE. Finally, we give an overview of genes recently discovered to be important in regulation of the immune system that may also prove to be key players in the modulation of EAE and MS.     

Cytapheresis with a filter for selective removal of CD4+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a major animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). CD4+ T cells are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS. In order to investigate the depletion of CD4+ T cells from the systemic circulation as an effective strategy for the treatment of MS, we performed extracorporeal CD4+ T cell adsorption, using a filter to which anti-CD4+ antibody is immobilized as a ligand, in adoptively transferred EAE. Rats treated with CD4+ T cell removal filter (CD4RF) exhibited milder clinical signs of EAE and earlier recovery than those receiving sham treatment. Moreover, the thymic cells from EAE rats treated with CD4RF exhibited a suppressed proliferative response and IFN-gamma production to myelin basic protein. These results suggest that depletion of CD4+ T cells from the systemic circulation by extracorporeal treatment is a potentially useful strategy for treatment of acute phase and relapsing MS.     

Intra-CNS activation by antigen-specific T lymphocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Identification and quantitation of autoreactive T lymphocytes is crucial in order to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We used flow cytometry to analyze autoantigen-specific T cellular responses in the well characterized rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Cells isolated from both the central nervous system (CNS) tissue and peripheral lymph nodes were analyzed directly ex vivo or after short term in vitro culture with specific autoantigen. CNS infiltrating T lymphocytes displaying an interferon-gamma response to selected encephalitogenic myelin protein epitopes were measured kinetically during an individual disease episode and also between relapses in a chronic rat EAE model. One of the EAE models used displays a restriction towards TCRBV8S2 chain usage by the encephalitogenic T cells. In this model, in vitro production of intracellular interferon-gamma was selectively detected within this T cell subset derived from both the CNS and peripheral lymph nodes. Furthermore, antigen-specific cells infiltrating the CNS in this model produced several-fold higher amounts of interferon-gamma upon antigen stimulation and displayed a significantly increased in vivo proliferation compared with peripheral lymphocytes. These data thus directly demonstrates that T cells stimulated by a specific autoantigen in the periphery primarily acquire effector functions in the cellular environment of the target organ of the autoantigen.     

Sustained Rap1 activation in autoantigen-specific T lymphocytes attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Altered Ras superfamily guanine nucleotide triphosphatase signaling may contribute to the activation of autoreactive T cells in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we show that transgenic expression of activated Rap1, a Ras-related protein which is protective in murine arthritis, in both wildtype (WT) and 2D2 mice, enhances autoreactive T cell activation by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in vitro and in vivo. However, RapV12 reduces the number of autoreactive T cells in both WT and 2D2 mice, and increases murine survival in experimental autoimmune encephalitis, suggesting Rap1 activation restricts autoimmune T cell-mediated pathology through enhancing tolerance.     

Preferential increase of IL-2R+ CD4+ T cells and CD45RB- CD4+ T cells in the central nervous system in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

We examined lymphocytes isolated from the spinal cord (SC), peripheral blood (PB) and lymph nodes (LN) draining the immunization site of Lewis rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Cells were analysed for T cell subset markers CD4 (mAb W3/25) and CD8 (mAb OX8), for IL-2R (mAb OX39), and for high molecular mass leukocyte common antigen (LCA, CD45RB) expression (mAb OX22). T cells expressing high (CD45RB+) or low (CD45RB-) molecular mass LCA are of different maturational stages and/or separate lineages. CD4+ T cells were more predominant in SC than in PB and LN; CD8+ T cells were scarce in SC but common in PB and LN. Activated CD4+ T cells (IL-2R+) were common in the SC and LN but infrequent in blood. CD4+ T cells that were CD45RB+ were scarce in the SC. In contrast, the majority of CD4+ T cells in the PB and LN were CD45RB+. The preferential accumulation of IL-2R+ CD4+ T cells and of CD45RB- CD4+ T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) indicates that a selective mechanism directs cell egress into CNS lesions in EAE.     

帕金森病大鼠CD4+CD25highFoxP3+调节性T细胞的变化

目的 研究帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)大鼠外周血中调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)的改变,并探讨其与脑内免疫炎症反应的相关性.方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、假手术组、PD 4周组、PD 2周组.PD 4周组和2周组定向注射6-羟多巴建立PD大鼠模型,假手术组注射PBS缓冲液,PD 2周组于术后第2 周,其他组于术后第4 周时,应用免疫荧光染色法观察各组大鼠黑质处酪氨酸羟化酶(Tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)阳性神经元、离子钙接头蛋白分子-1(Ionized calcium bindingadaptor molecule-1,iba-1)和胶原纤维酸性蛋白(Glial fibrillary acid protein,GFAP)阳性细胞数量及形态的改变,并通过流式细胞术(Flow cytometry,FCM)检测其外周血中CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ Treg 占T 淋巴细胞比例的变化.结果 PD4 周组TH 阳性神经元偏侧毁损率(91.33%±8.53%)较对照组和假手术组增加(P<0.01),且较PD2周组(64.56%±17.94%)毁损更为严重(P<0.05).PD4周组iba-1阳性细胞增加率(82.60%±11.52%)和GFAP阳性细胞增加率(86.62%±6.80%)较对照组及假手术组均增加(P<0.01),但PD 4 周组较2 周组iba-1 阳性细胞增加率(104.89%±13.39%)和GFAP 阳性细胞增加率(117.92%±15.34%)均减少(P<0.05).FCM示PD4周组大鼠外周血中CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ Treg占T淋巴细胞的比例(0.64%±0.08%)较对照组、假手术组及PD2周组均降低(P<0.01).另外,外周血T淋巴细胞中Treg比例变化与TH 阳性神经元毁损率(r=-0.59,P<0.01)、iba-1 阳性细胞增加率(r=-0.87,P<0.01)和GFAP 阳性细胞增加率(r=-0.89,P<0.01)均呈负相关.结论 PD大鼠外周血中Treg比例减少且可能与脑内免疫炎症反应相关.     

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune and degenerative CNS diseases

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with a CD8(+) phenotype have the potential to recognize and attack major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-expressing brain cells. Most brain cells, including neurons, can be stimulated to present peptides to CD8(+) CTLs by MHC class I molecules, and are susceptible to CTL-mediated cytotoxicity in culture. In disease-affected brain parenchyma, CD8(+) CTLs outnumber other T-cell subtypes. They show clonal expansion in several inflammatory and degenerative CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), virus-induced inflammatory brain diseases and paraneoplastic neurological disorders. In MS, damage of axons is closely linked to the CD8(+) CTLs, and protection against CTL-mediated damage should be considered as a new therapeutic approach in MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases.     

辛伐他汀抑制大鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的实验研究

目的 探讨辛伐他汀(STATINS)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎IEAE)的作用及机理.方法 Wistar大鼠55只采用随机数字表法分为EAE组(15只)、STATINS组(15只)、雷公藤(TP)组(15只)、正常对照组(10只).使用STATINS干预EAE大鼠,以TP为阳性对照,观察大鼠P53蛋白、IL-6、TNF-α、TGF-β的表达变化.结果 与EAE组相比,STATINS组发病率降低、临床症状减轻、体质量下降减少、病灶数减少、潜伏期延长,而TP组临床症状减轻、病灶数减少,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),TP组体质量变化、潜伏期、发病率无显变化,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);STATINS组IL-6和TNF-α的表达降低,P53蛋白和TGF-β的表达增高;TP组仅TNF-α的表达降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与TP组相比较,STATINS组P53蛋白与TGF-β的表达增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而TNF-α及Ⅱ-6的表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 STATINS可以有效抑制EAE.其可能的机制是抑制IL-6和TNF-α等促炎症因子的表达,促进P53蛋白与TGF-β的表达,效果可能优于TP.