58例脑胶质瘤术后同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的：评价脑胶质瘤术后行同步放化疗的疗效.方法：58例脑胶质瘤患者术后随机分为放疗组29例及放疗＋ 化疗组29例.放疗组术后仅行三维适形放疗,总剂量DT 60 Gy/4～6周;放疗＋化疗组给予同样三维适形放疗,并同步于术后10～15 d（平均12 d）开始行超选介入动脉灌注尼莫司汀化疗,每4周1次,每次2.5 mg·kg^-1,共进行4～6次结束.结果：放疗＋化疗组总有效率（肿瘤消失＋肿瘤明显缩小） 75.9%（22/29例）,1年生存率（75.86%）,2年生存率（51.72%）,与放疗组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;结论：脑胶质瘤术后行同步放化疗,对脑胶质瘤有明显疗效.     

三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的疗效分析

目的探讨三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的疗效。方法 2012年11月至2015年4月收治恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留58例,根据治疗方法分为观察组和对照组,各29例。对照组单纯采用三维适形放疗,观察组采用三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗,连续治疗4~6个周期。结果观察组总有效率(68.97%)、疾病控制率(86.21%)均明显高于对照组(分别为41.38%、62.07%;P0.05)。观察组1年生存率(72.41%)明显高于对照组(44.83%;P0.05)。年龄60岁、病理分级、术前KPS评分、是否完成化疗周期均是影响恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留预后的因素(P0.05)。结论三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗治疗恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的近期疗效显著,可提高1年生存率。     

高分级脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的疗效

目的回顾性分析高分级脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法收集2008-05—2011-05在我院治疗的高分级脑胶质瘤术后患者38例,其中间变性星形细胞瘤(WHO 3级)26例,多形性胶质母细胞瘤(WHO 4级)12例,手术完整切除22例,残留16例。均用三维适形放疗(3DCRT),5d/周,1次/d,2Gy/次,总量52~66Gy/[(26~33)次·(5.5~6.5)周],其中≥60Gy者28例,<60Gy者10例。替莫唑胺150mg/(m2·d),顿服,连续5d,28d为1周期,放疗第一周开始口服,共4个周期。结果全组1、3a生存率分别为68.4%、31.6%,中位生存时间为(21.23±4.45)个月;手术完整切除与手术残留组1、3a生存率分别为77.3%、45.5%与56.3%、12.5%(P<0.05);放疗剂量≥60Gy组与<60Gy组1、3a生存率分别为78.6%、39.3%与40.0%、10.0%(P<0.05)。急性放化疗反应主要为皮肤反应、白细胞减少、胃肠道反应及急性脑损伤反应。晚期发生放射性脑损伤仅2例。结论术后三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗高分级脑胶质瘤有较好的临床疗效,不良反应小,但手术后残留患者预后差,推荐术后放疗剂量不低于60Gy。     

脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放射治疗的预后因素分析

目的探讨影响三维适形放射治疗胶质瘤的预后因素。方法自2003年3月至2004年3月对28例脑胶质瘤术后患者行三维适形放射治疗，分次局部照射，2．0Gy／d，5d／周．共持续5-6周，总剂量50-60Gy。Kaplan—Meier法计算中位生存时间．Cox回归模型进行预后的多因素分析。结果单因素分析提示低分级胶质瘤、手术肿瘤全切、放疗前Kamofsky评分≥80分者的1、3年生存率较高；多因素分析显示病理分级、手术切除程度和放疗前Kamofsky评分是独立预后因素。结论病理分级、手术全切程度和放疗前Kamofsky评分是三维适形放射治疗脑胶质瘤的重要预后因素。     

替莫唑胺联合调强放疗治疗胶质母细胞瘤术后残留临床研究

目的分析比较替莫唑胺化疗联合调强放疗和单纯调强放疗治疗脑胶质母细胞瘤术后残留患者的疗效和安全性。方法胶质母细胞瘤术后局部有残留患者共36例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各18例。观察组在调强放疗时同步口服替莫唑胺化疗,对照组行单纯调强放疗,两组放疗方法相同。治疗期间观察治疗副作用,在所有患者治疗结束后定期随访,影像学动态观察患者肿瘤体积的变化及Karnofsky评分评价神经功能状态。结果观察组肿瘤体积的缩小和神经功能评分的改善均优于对照组(P0.05)。两组生存率比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应有恶心、呕吐、头痛及骨髓抑制等,程度均较轻,无重要脏器损害,未影响治疗。结论替莫唑胺化疗联合调强放疗疗效优于单纯调强放疗,且不良反应可耐受。     

全脑放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对脑转移肿瘤的疗效及安全性

目的观察全脑放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对脑转移肿瘤的疗效,评价其安全性。方法 80例脑转移肿瘤患者随机分为2组,对照组(n=40)行全脑对穿照射,DT:40Gy,2Gy/次,分为20次,4周完成;观察组(n=40)在对照组基础上加服替莫唑胺75mg/(m~2·d),放疗结束后每28d口服5d为1个周期,共6周期;观察2组生存率和不良反应。结果观察组缓解率高于对照组(P0.05);观察组和对照组的中位生存期分别为(8.5±1.2)个月和(5.5±0.9)个月,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且均可耐受。结论全脑放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗治疗脑转移肿瘤疗效显著,可延长患者生存时间,且具有较高安全性。     

放、化疗同步治疗高级别胶质瘤

目的比较单纯放疗与放疗加替莫唑胺（放疗同时和放疗后给药）治疗高级别胶质瘤的局控率、生存率及不良反应。方法对52例首次术后的问变性星形及胶质母细胞瘤随机分为接受单纯放疗（分次照射局部放疗，2Gy／d，5d／w，共持续6W，总剂量60Gy）、放疗加每天持续的替莫唑胺治疗（75mg／m^2／d），7d／w，从放疗开始到放疗结束）以及6个周期的替莫唑胺辅助治疗（150～200mg／m^2，治疗5d，每28d为一个疗程）。每组26例。主要研究目标为整体生存率。结果放疗加替莫唑胺（RT—TMZ）组与单纯放疗（RT）组总有效率（CR＋PR）分别为76．9％和50．0％；6个月无进展生存率分别为73．1％和46．2％；中位无进展生存期分别为8．8个月和6．2个月（P〈0．05）。1年累积局部复发率分别为42．3％和76．9％；1年无复发生存率分别为57．7％和23．1％，1年生存率分别为65．4％和30．8％（P〈0．05）。RT—TMZ组常见不良反应是恶心，呕吐，白细胞和血小板下降，但仅限于Ⅰ～Ⅱ度。结论两组相比在提高局控率、延缓肿瘤复发与提高患者无瘤生存期方面RT—TMZ组要优于RT组，而不良反应方面两组反应均较轻微，所以放疗加替莫唑胺治疗新确诊的间变性星形及胶质母细胞瘤有效并能够明显提高生存率而毒副作用小。     

恶性脑胶质瘤术后替莫唑胺同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的探讨恶性脑胶质瘤术后替莫唑胺同步放化疗的疗效。方法选取2009-02—2010-08于我院就诊并住院的脑胶质瘤术后患者98例,分为单纯放疗组和同步放化疗组各49例,单纯放疗组接受单纯放疗(DT 60Gy),同步放化疗组在此基础上加服替莫唑胺75mg/(m2·d)同步化学治疗,放疗后口服替莫唑胺150~200mg/(m2·d),连续服用5d,每个疗程28d,服用6个疗程。2组治疗过程中均给予甘露醇和地塞米松等药物以降低颅内压。比较2组1、3、5a生存率。结果单纯放疗组1、3、5a生存率分别为61.22%、24.49%、14.29%,同步放化疗组分别为79.59%、51.02%、32.65%,同步放疗组疗效优于单纯放疗组(P0.05)。结论替莫唑胺同步放化疗在恶性脑胶质瘤术后的疗效优于术后单纯放疗。     

适形放疗联合替莫唑胺同步治疗恶性脑胶质瘤术后患者的护理

目的探讨适形放疗联合替莫唑胺同步治疗恶性脑胶质瘤术后患者的护理措施对患者恢复的影响。方法选取2012-02—2014-05行适形放疗联合替莫唑胺同步治疗脑胶质瘤病患者79例为研究对象,采用个性化护理方式,总结个性化护理方式对患者病情恢复的影响。结果完全缓解32例,部分缓解28例,病情稳定12例,进展7例。结论采用全面护理适形放疗联合替莫唑胺同步治疗恶性脑胶质瘤术后患者,同时结合患者临床表现及特异性制定护理计划,可有效减轻患者痛苦,促进康复,值得临床推广。     

58例脑恶性胶质瘤术后放化疗疗效临床观察

目的 观察脑恶性胶质瘤术后同步选择性动脉灌注尼莫司汀(ACNU)联合三维适形放疗与单纯三维适形放疗的疗效、生存率及安全性比较.方法 治疗组为脑恶性胶质瘤28例经开颅显微手术后同步选择性动脉灌注ACNU联合三维适形放疗;对照组为脑恶性胶质瘤30例术后单纯二维适形放疗.结果 同步放化疗组脑恶性胶质瘤治疗CR、PR高丁对照组(P<0.05),生存期也长于对照绢(P<0.05),其不良反应小、生存质量明显提高.结论 显微手术后同步选择性动脉灌注ACNU联合适形放疗治疗脑恶性胶质瘤疗效较好,有望成为目前脑恶件胶质瘤的常规治疗方案之一.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.