Quercetin, a Flavonoid Phytoestrogen, Ameliorates Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by Blocking IL-12 Signaling Through JAK-STAT Pathway in T Lymphocyte

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Quercetin (3,3'4',5,7-pentahydroxy flavone) is a flavonoid phytoestrogen that has profound anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we show that in vivo treatment of SJL/J mice with quercetin (i.p. 50 or 100 microg every other day) ameliorates EAE in association with the inhibition of IL-12 production and neural antigen-specific Th1 differentiation. In vitro treatment of activated T cells with quercetin blocks IL-12-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2, TYK2, STAT3, and STAT4, resulting in a decrease in IL-12-induced T cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation. These findings highlight the fact that quercetin ameliorates EAE by blocking IL-12 signaling and Th1 differentiation and suggest its use in the treatment of MS and other Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.     

细胞信号转导介导与日本血吸虫特异性Th1/Th2免疫偏移

分别于小鼠感染日本血吸虫后 0、 4、 6、 8和 12周 ,取脾淋巴细胞体外培养 ,进行细胞信号转导抑制试验 ,观察酪氨酸蛋白激酶 (TPK )、蛋白激酶C (PKC )和磷酯酰肌醇 3 激酶 (PI 3 K )特异性抑制剂 (Tyrphostin 2 5、D sphingosine和Wort mannin )分别特异性抑制和不同组合抑制TPK、PKC和PI 3K后 ,对小鼠脾淋巴细胞经虫卵可溶性抗原 (SEA )诱生IL 2、IFN γ和IL 4的表达水平及对Th1/Th2免疫偏移的影响。结果发现Tyrphostin 2 5对IL 2、IFN γ和IL 4水平的抑制作用均非常显著(P <0 0 1) ,D sphingosine主要影响IL 4的表达 (P <0 0 1) ,而Wortmannin则主要影响IFN γ的表达 (P <0 0 1) ,Tyrphostin 2 5和Wortmannin联合应用可完全阻断IL 2的表达及增强对IFN γ的抑制作用 ,Tyrphostin 2 5和D sphingosine联合应用可完全阻断IL 4的表达。对反映Th1/Th2免疫平衡的Th2分化指数分析表明 ,D sphingosine可使Th2免疫应答优势减弱 ,而Wort mannin则可使Th2免疫应答优势增强。研究结果表明 ,干预细胞信号转导可调节日本血吸虫特异性Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平及Th1/Th2免疫偏移 ,为探索控制日本血吸虫卵肉芽肿病变的潜在新途径 ,提供了实验依据。     

乳杆菌对原代淋巴细胞中Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响

目的:分析7种乳杆菌对原代淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子(CK)分泌的作用,进而探讨其对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响。方法:用不同种属、不同浓度的活的/热致死的乳杆菌体外作用于小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养60 h后,采用MTT比色法检测淋巴细胞的增殖效果。用ELISA法检测Th1型细胞因子(IL-12、IFN-γ)、Th2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10)和调节型细胞因子(TGF-β)的分泌量。结果:活的/热致死的乳杆菌单独作用,就能促进淋巴细胞体外增殖并表现出剂量依赖关系(P<0.05)。当菌的浓度为107集落形成单位(CFU)/mL(即细菌与细胞的比例为10∶1)时,热致死的发酵乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的免疫活性近似于活菌。而且,这两株热致死菌还可适当提高淋巴细胞分泌IL-12和IFN-γ,抑制IL-4、IL-10和TGF-β的分泌,使其IFN-γ/IL-4的比值(代表Th1/Th2细胞平衡)均显著高于刀豆蛋白A(ConA)对照组(P<0.05)。结论:乳杆菌可通过提高淋巴细胞的IFN-γ/IL-4分泌率来促进Th1优势状态的Th1/Th2细胞平衡,并具有菌株特异性。     

Th1 cells induce and Th2 inhibit antigen-dependent IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells

Dendritic cells are the most relevant antigen-presenting cells (APC) for presentation of antigens administered in adjuvant to CD4⁺ T cells. Upon interaction with antigen-specific T cells, dendritic cells (DC) expressing appropriate peptide-MHC class II complexes secrete IL-12, a cytokine that drives Th1 cell development. To analyze the T cell-mediated regulation of IL-12 secretion by DC, we have examined their capacity to secrete IL-12 in response to stimulation by antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 DO11.10 TCR-transgenic cells. These cells do not differ either in TCR clonotype or CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression. Interaction with antigen-specific Th1, but not Th2 cells, induces IL-12 p40 and p75 secretion by DC. The induction of IL-12 production by Th1 cells does not depend on their IFN-γ secretion, but requires direct cell-cell contact mediated by peptide/MHC class II-TCR and CD40-CD40L interactions. Th2 cells not only fail to induce IL-12 secretion, but they inhibit its induction by Th1 cells. Unlike stimulation by Th1, inhibition of IL-12 production by Th2 cells is mediated by soluble molecules, as demonstrated by transwell cultures. Among Th2-derived cytokines, IL-10, but not IL-4 inhibit Th1-driven IL-12 secretion. IL-10 produced by Th2 cells appears to be solely responsible for the inhibition of Th1-induced IL-12 secretion, but it does not account for the failure of Th2 cells to induce IL-12 production by DC. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Th1 cells up-regulate IL-12 production by DC via IFN-γ-independent cognate interaction, whereas this is inhibited by Th2-derived IL-10. The inhibition of Th1-induced IL-12 production by Th2 cells with the same antigen specificity represents a novel mechanism driving the polarization of CD4⁺ T cell responses.     

类风湿关节炎患者关节中Th1/Th2型细胞因子的模式及临床意义

目的　分析类风湿关节炎 (RA)患者滑膜液及外周血中Th1/Th2型细胞因子网络的偏移及其在疾病过程中的意义。方法　用酶联免疫斑点法 (enzymelinkedimmunospotassay ,ELISPOT) ,检测RA患者滑膜液单个核细胞 (SFMC)和外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)中的Th1和Th2细胞 ,并分析Th1/Th2细胞的比值与血沉 (ESR)和C 反应蛋白 (CRP)的相关性。结果　与PBMC相比较 ,RA患者SFMC中CD3 T细胞的百分率 ,Th1细胞及Th1/Th2细胞的比值显著升高P <0 0 1) ,且此比值与患者的ESR和CRP均呈正相关(分别为r =0 84,P <0 0 1和r =0 74,P <0 0 2 )。结论　在RA患者关节中Th1细胞明显增多并占优势 ,Th1/Th2细胞的比值与疾病的活动程度明显相关 ,Th1/Th2细胞的平衡在RA的发病机制及疾病进展中可能具有重要的作用     

Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Modulation by IL-10/IL-12 Imbalance in Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA)

Recent studies about autoimmune diseases in animal models and in humans focused their attention on lymphocyte activation and in vitro cytokine production. The respective contribution of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is still a matter of debate. In this study the role of IL-2, IL-4, IFN- &#110, IL-10 and IL-12 cytokines were investigated by examining their spontaneous and mitogen-induced (OKT3 and PHA or LPS) synthesis and T-cells proliferative response by peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine their role in the pathogenesis of AIHA. Thirteen patients affected by AIHA, idiopathic or associated with other diseases, and 13 healthy subjects, randomly selected from a group of blood donors, were investigated. This study indicated that AIHA is characterised by increased basal synthesis of IL-4 and decreased levels of IFN- &#110 compared with healthy controls ( p <0,01). These results suggest that there is a basal decrease of Th1 cytokine and an increase of the Th2 ones. Enhanced IL-2 levels in AIHA patients are likely due to the necessity of a T-cell proliferation stimulus rather than produced as Th1 prevalent stimulation. Furthermore, it has been observed a significant increase in IL-12 production in LPS stimulated cultures from healthy controls, but not in AIHA patients, that shows IL-10 increased levels, which could cause a secondary decrease in IFN- &#110 production and a stimulation of Th2 differentiation. These observations indicate that decreased production of Th1-type cytokines and prevalent Th2 ones leading to autoantibodies production in AIHA may be secondary to the imbalance between IL-10 and IL-12. These results strongly suggest that manipulation of the cytokine network, i.e. IL-10/IL-12 balance, maintained by cells of the innate immune system, can have a strong effect on the incidence of AIHA and their modulation might be useful for a therapeutic control of the disorder.     

Questioning the Th1/Th2 paradigm in reproduction: peripheral levels of IL-12 are down-regulated in miscarriage patients

PROBLEM: It has been postulated that a T helper (Th)1 response is associated with pregnancy failure, whereas a Th2 response contributes to pregnancy maintenance. However, this Thl/Th2 dichotomy has recently been hypothesized to be an oversimplification. To prove this novel hypothesis, we investigated the levels of the Th1-inducer cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 in immunocompetent cells of patients with normal pregnancies (NP) and spontaneous abortion (SA). METHODS: Presence of intracellular IL-12 was evaluated in CD8+ and CD56-blood and decidual lymphocytes as well as in monocytes and granulocytes by flow cytometry from NP and SA individuals. IL-12 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We further investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh) IL-12 on the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in peripheral leukocytes ex vivo. RESULTS: In patients suffering from SA we observed lower percentages of IL-12 in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes derived from peripheral blood and decidua, compared with women with normally progressing pregnancies. No differences could be observed when evaluating the levels of IL-12 in the granulocyte population. The IL-12 serum levels were below the ELISA sensitivity limit. Ex vivo stimulation of the peripheral blood cells with increasing doses of IL-12 resulted in a significant decrease of IFN-gamma+, whereas levels of TNF-alpha+ in lymphocytes were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: The classical Th1/Th2 paradigm appears to be insufficient to exclusively explain the causes of pregnancy loss. Our current results render us to requestion the role of Th1 cytokines during pregnancy and suggest some protective function of the Th1-inducer cytokine IL-12.     

不明原因习惯性流产患者主动免疫治疗前后Th1/Th2型细胞因子水平的变化

为探讨主动免疫治疗对不明原因习惯性流产 (UHA )患者Th1/Th2型细胞因子水平的影响。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测15例正常非妊娠妇女、 35例UHA患者淋巴细胞主动免疫治疗前后经滋养细胞抗原刺激的外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC )培养上清液中IL 2、IFN γ、IL 4、IL 10的水平。结果发现 :(1)在最佳诱导时间下 ,UHA组治疗前PBMC产生IL 2、IFN γ的水平明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,IL 4、IL 10水平明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。UHA组治疗后PBMC产生IL 2、IFN γ的水平较治疗前明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,IL 4、IL 10水平较治疗前明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。UHA组治疗后PBMC产生各细胞因子的水平与正常对照组比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;(2 )UHA组 35例患者主动免疫治疗后半年内 2 8例妊娠 ,其中 9例又出现自然流产。 9例自然流产者治疗后IL 2、IFN γ水平未明显下降 ,IL 10水平未明显上升。 19例妊娠成功者治疗后IL 2、IFN γ水平较治疗前明显下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,IL 4、IL 10水平明显上升 (P <0 0 5 )。以上结果表明UHA患者对滋养细胞抗原产生以Th1型反应为主的免疫应答 ,产生大量Th1型细胞因子 ,主动免疫治疗有助于上调Th2型细胞因子及下调Th1型细胞因子 ,利于UHA患者妊娠成功。     

Allergen-induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion in relation to specific allergen sensitization and atopic symptoms in children

BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases are believed to be due to T helper (Th)2-like immunity to allergens in affected tissues, and immune responses to allergens are characterized by a cross-regulation between Th1 and Th2 cells. Atopic individuals may develop IgE antibodies to only one or more allergens. However, the mechanisms behind sensitization to a specific allergen, e.g. why an individual develops IgE to cat but not birch, are not known. Our aim was to study birch- and cat-induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion in children who were sensitized to birch but not to cat, and vice versa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects in the study were 60 12-year-old children. Seventeen of the children were sensitized (skin prick test and circulating IgE positive) to birch but not cat, 13 were sensitized to cat but not birch, 11 were sensitized both to birch and cat, and 19 children were skin prick test and circulating IgE negative. Forty-six children had a history of atopic symptoms, and 42 of them had current symptoms. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated from venous blood and stimulated with cat or birch allergen. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-gamma in the cell supernatants were analysed by ELISA. RESULTS: Sensitized children produced more of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 than non-sensitized atopic and non-atopic children in response to stimulation with the allergen they were sensitized to. High levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 and low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were associated with atopic symptoms, and high cat-induced IL-9 levels with asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 were all commonly detected in sensitized children after stimulation with the specific, in contrast to an unrelated, allergen. Atopic symptoms were associated with increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5 and tended to be associated with low levels of IL-10, and asthma with high cat-induced IL-9 levels.     

CpG ODN对rHBsAg免疫小鼠Th1/Th2型免疫应答的影响

目的：初步探讨CpC寡脱氧核苷酸(CpG ODN)与重组乙型肝炎表面抗原(rHBsAg)联合免疫小鼠的Th1／Th2型免疫应答效应。方法：BALB／c小鼠经后腿胫骨前肌免疫2次，ELISA法检测血清乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗-HBs)IgG亚类IgG2a/IgG1的比值；生物活性法检测脾细胞诱生上清中的IFN-γ和IL-2含量；ABC-ELISA法检测小鼠血清中IL-4、IL-10及IL-12含量。结果：加CpG ODN组与单独注射rHBsAg组相比：抗-HBs IgG亚类IgG2a／IgG1比值明显高；Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-2的表达增强，抑制Th2型细胞因子IL-4和IL-10的产生。结论：CpCODN能够明显增强rHBsAg免疫小鼠Th1型抗体亚类IgG2a的产生，并且诱导Th1型细胞因子的表达，抑制Th2型细胞因子的表达。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBVDNA含量和IL-12对其PBMC产生Th1/Th2类细胞因子影响的相关性研究

目的：研究慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBVDNA含量对IL－12诱导其PBMC产生Th1/Th2类细胞因子协同效应的影响。方法：分离50例慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞，分别与PHA（100μg/ml）、HBcAg（1μg/ml）、HBeAg（1μg/ml）单独或联合IL－12（10ng/ml）体外培养48h，ELISA法检测培养上清液细胞因子IL－2、IFN－γ、IL－10。荧光定量PCR检测患者血清DNA含量，并分成HBVBDNA小于10^3拷贝／ml、1063-10^5拷贝／ml、1065-10^7拷贝／ml、大于10^7拷贝/ml4组。结果：以HBVDAN小于10^3拷贝／ml组做对照组，比较发现无论抗原（PHA、HBcAg、HBeAg）单独诱导还是联合IL－12共同诱导，随着血清HBVDNA含量的增高，PBMC产生IL－2和IFN-γ水平逐渐降低，产生IL－5和IL－10水平逐渐升高，并且IL－12对PBMC产生IFN－γ的增殖效应逐渐减弱，特别是血清HBVDNA大于10^7拷贝／ml患者几乎无明显增殖效应。结论：高水平血清HBVDNA含量对IL－12诱导慢性乙型肝炎PBMC产生IFN－γ协同效应有抑制作用。     

Human Th1 responses driven by IL-12 are associated with enhanced expression of CD40 ligand

IL- 12 is the prominent inducer of Th1 responses in humans and in the mouse. CD40 ligand (CD40L) plays important roles in regulation of immune responses, including T cell-dependent activation of B cells and cytokine production by monocytes and dendritic cells. The present study examined the influences of IL-12 on the CD40L expression of activated human CD4⁺ T cells. IL-12 enhanced CD40L expression on CD4⁺ T cells stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 in the complete absence of accessory cells, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 decreased it. Exogenous interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) did not increase CD40L expression on immobilized anti-CD3 stimulated CD4⁺ T cells at any time up to 168 h of culture. The IL-12-induced enhancement of CD40L expression on anti-CD3 activated CD4⁺ T cells was not influenced in the presence of a metalloproteinase inhibitor KB8301, which up-regulated CD40L expression by preventing the processing of membrane-bound CD40L, or B cells, which down-regulated CD40L expression by receptor-mediated endocytosis. These results indicate that IL-12 enhances the CD40L expression of activated CD4⁺ T cells independently of the IFN-γ production. The data thus suggest that Th1 responses induced by IL-12 might play an important role in the regulation of humoral immune responses through up-regulated CD40L expression.     

Histamine H1-receptor antagonists with immunomodulating activities: potential use for modulating T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine imbalance and inflammatory responses in allergic diseases

Being a first-line treatment for hypersensitivity allergic disease, histamine H1-receptor antagonists possess anti-inflammatory activity in addition to being H1-receptor antagonists. While it is not purely a histamine-related condition, hypersensitivity allergic disease is associated with an increase in the number of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and Th2 cytokines, and a decrease in the number of Th1 cells and Th1 cytokines. Suppression of Th2-type cytokine production in addition to H1-receptor blockade may therefore represent a successful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hypersensitivity allergic diseases. H1-receptor antagonists have been reported to modulate immune cascade at various points by acting on T cell-related inflammatory molecules, including adhesion molecules, chemokines and inflammatory cytokines. These effects of H1-receptor antagonists may be optimized for the treatment of allergic diseases. Besides their ability to regulate inflammatory molecules, some H1-receptor antagonists have been reported to down-regulate Th2 cytokine production. In particular, it has been shown that several H1-receptor antagonists specifically inhibit the production of Th2, but not Th1, cytokines. Accumulating evidence indicates a crucial role for Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance on the development of allergic diseases. Accordingly, the use of H1-receptor antagonist with Th2 cytokine inhibitory activity to modulate Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance might be a favourable strategy for the treatment of hypersensitivity allergic diseases. Furthermore, the identification of H1-receptor antagonists which possess immunoregulatory activities in addition to their anti-histamine activity will provide an important insight into the development of novel immunoregulatory drugs.     

Conversion in vivo from an early dominant Th0/Th1 response to a Th2 phenotype during the development of collagen-induced arthritis

Over the past decade, the central role of T cells in the process of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) has been extensively documented. The inflammatory features of CIA and its successful modulation after treatment in vivo with Th2 lymphokines, known to down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines, classify CIA as a Th1-mediated disease. However, no direct evidence for the presence of the different T helper subsets has been obtained. To identify the collagen-specific CD4⁺ T cell subset(s) developing during the course of CIA, lymph nodes from susceptible DBA/1 mice (H-2q) were harvested at different times after injection of bovine type II collagen in Freund's complete adjuvant and checked by enzyme-linked immunospot assay for the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4. The results clearly showed that type II collagen-specific T cells secreting either IFN-γ, IL-4, or both, develop early in vivo, before the onset of arthritis: the number of IFN-γ-secreting cells was already maximal 15 days after immunization, whereas more IL-4-secreting cells were found at day 30, just before the onset of clinical arthritis. Another strategy was to establish collagen-specific CD4⁺ T cell lines and sublines in vitro and to analyze their lymphokine secretion pattern. Lines generated 8 days after immunization displayed a mixed lymphokine secretion pattern characteristic of Th0 cells or of a mixture of Th1 and Th2 cells. After limiting dilution of a day 8 line, 60% of the growing sublines were Th0-like (secreting IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5), and 25% were Th1 (secreting IFN-γ). By day 25 post-immunization, 33% of the generated sublines were Th0-like, 11% Th1, and 56% Th2 (secreting IL-4 and IL-5). Moreover, all the sublines raised from the lymph nodes of arthritic mice harvested at day 55 secreted high amounts of Th2 lymphokines, and only 3 out of 14 also produced some IFN-γ. This study demonstrates that during the course of CIA the collagen-specific CD4⁺ T cell response shifts in vivo from a dominant Th0/Th1 response to a clear Th2 phenotype. These results contribute to our understanding of the collagen-specific CD4⁺ T helper subsets which develop during the induction and clinical phases of CIA.     

Effects of atorvastatin on the Th1/Th2 polarization of ongoing experimental autoimmune myocarditis in Lewis rats

OBJECTIVE: Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats is a T cell-mediated disorder and the involvement of Th1/Th2 unbalance has been demonstrated. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, affects T cell-mediated autoimmunity through modulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and reduces the severity of EAM. METHODS: Myocarditis was induced in 23 Lewis rats by injection of porcine cardiac myosin. High-dose (10 mg/kg/day) or low-dose (1 mg/kg/day) atorvastatin or vehicle was administered orally for 3 weeks to rats with EAM at the same time of immunization. Seven Lewis rats received neither immunization nor statins therapy were used as normal controls. On day 21 after immunization (the climax of inflammation), echocardiography was examined and the severity of myocarditis was evaluated by histopathological evaluation. The area ratio (affected/entire area percentage) of myocardial lesions was determined in histological sections. Heart weight/body weight ratio was determined and the serum lipid levels were measured. Levels of serum IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Cardiac function was improved in the two atorvastatin-treated groups compared to the untreated group. Heart weight/body weight ratio and the degree of inflammation were significantly lower in the two dosage statin-treated groups than that in the untreated one. Furthermore, treatment with atorvastatin decreased the expression levels of Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-2), and increased the expression levels of Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10). Atorvastatin attenuated the histopathological severity of myocarditis. Plasma lipid levels did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Atorvastatin ameliorates EAM by inhibiting T cell responses and suppressing Th1-type and inflammatory cytokines production and this activity is independent of cholesterol reduction, whereas Th2-type cytokines production was promoted. Atorvastatin may have beneficial effects on myocarditis by modulating the Th1/Th2 balance. These results demonstrate an important role of Th1/Th2 polarization in the pathogenesis of EAM and suggest that HMG-CoA reductase blockade may be a promising new strategy for the treatment of organ specific autoimmune diseases.     

Th1/Th2、Tc1/Tc2亚群在乙肝肝硬化患者中的作用

目的 :探讨乙肝肝硬化患者外周血 (PBMC)中CD4 和CD8 T细胞内Th1和Th2类细胞的平衡状态 ,探明Th1、Th2类细胞在乙肝肝硬化中的作用。方法 :乙肝肝硬化患者CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞中IFN γ 和IL 4 细胞的百分率 ,观察乙肝肝硬化患者Th1 Th2、Tc1 Tc2比例的变化。结果 :乙肝肝硬化患者PBMC中CD4 ,CD8细胞 ,CD4 CD8比值与健康对照者相比无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,Th1细胞及Tc1细胞百分率为 8 8% ,9 0 % ,较健康对照者 7 5 % ,7 7%升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :乙肝肝硬化患者外周血T细胞亚群发生Th1类偏移 ,在乙肝肝硬化的发生和发展中可能起重要作用     

腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响

目的:为了探讨腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响。方法:择期子宫肌瘤患者4 0例,分别采用腹腔镜手术和常规开腹手术,测定术前、术后2、2 4、4 8小时Th1、Th2细胞数量及血清IL 18、IL 10水平。结果:两组术后2小时均出现Th1/Th2细胞平衡向Th2反应转换,Th1细胞、Th1/Th2比值、IL 18下降(腹腔镜组:P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ;开腹组:P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1) ,而Th2细胞、抗炎因子IL 10上升(腹腔镜组:P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1;开腹组:P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)。但腹腔镜组术后2 4小时各项指标即恢复,而开腹组各项指标的变化与术后2小时类似,并持续至术后4 8小时。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术对Th1/Th2细胞平衡影响小,恢复快,优于开腹手术。     

Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in women with recurrent abortions: increased cytokine levels and reduced Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood

PROBLEM: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in peripheral blood Th1/Th2 cytokine levels and lymphocyte ratios after massive intravenous immunoglobulin (MIVIg) treatment for women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) of unexplained etiology. METHOD OF STUDY: Serum Th1 (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) and Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) levels were assessed by ELISA methods (n = 9) and peripheral blood Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratios (n = 4) by flow cytometry before and after MIVIg treatments in women with four or more consecutive RSA. RESULTS: Pre-treatment serum IFN-gamma (0.06 +/- 0.09 pg/mL, mean +/- SD), TNF-alpha (0.21 +/- 0.45 pg/mL), IL-4 (0.70 +/- 1.16 pg/mL), and IL-10 (1.12 +/- 1.67 pg/mL) increased to 0.17 +/- 0.16 pg/mL, 0.77 +/- 0.28 pg/mL, 1.82 +/- 0.89 pg/mL, and 3.44 +/- 0.48 pg/mL, respectively, after MIVIg treatments (P < 0.05). CD4-positive IFN-gamma/IL-4 lymphocyte ratios (17.3 +/- 9.1) were reduced to 11.5 +/- 7.1 after treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Massive intravenous immunoglobulin treatments increased peripheral blood cytokine levels and decreased Th1/Th2 lymphocyte ratios; thus, MIVIg treatments modify the peripheral Th1/Th2 balance.     

Balance of Th1/Th2 Cytokines Associated with the Preventive Effect of Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant on the Development of Adjuvant Arthritis in LEW Rats

Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) could induce adjuvant arthritis (AA) in LEW rats and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) could induce oil induced arthritis (OIA) in DA but not in LEW rats. Lymph node cells (LNCs) from these AA and OIA rats showed increased mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha but not IL-4. LNCs from IFA immunized LEW rats showed increased expression of IL-4, reduced expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and no IL-2, in contrast to IFA immunized DA rats. The pretreatment of IFA before CFA challenge could completely prevent AA in LEW rats and their LNCs showed increased expression of IL-4 and IFN-gamma but not IL-2 and TNF-alpha. In F1 (LEW x DA) rats, IFA could not induce OIA but the pretreatment of IFA before CFA challenge could induce very mild AA with 80% incidence, LNCs showing an elevated expression of all the above cytokines. These findings suggest that increased Th1 cytokine expression is associated with disease development and that increased IL-4 expression or the balance of Th2 over Th1 cytokine expression plays an important regulatory role in disease development.