成人脑白质病的CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨成人脑白质病的影像学特征，为临床诊断和治疗提供可靠依据。资料与方法对经临床证实的63例脑白质病影像学表现进行总结分析。结果 血管性脱髓鞘42例，硬化性脱髓鞘7例，感染性脱髓鞘6例，中毒性脱髓鞘4例，脑白质营养不良性脱髓鞘4例。CT表现为脑白质内多发斑片状低密度区，MRI表现为脑白质内多发长T2信号。结论MRI较CT能更清晰地显示脑白质异常，准确地反映病理改变的特点，有助于进一步提高对脑白质病变的诊断水平。     

Spinal cord and cauda equina MRI findings in metachromatic leukodystrophy: case report

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive disease with well-documented intracranial findings on neuroimaging both by computed tomography (CT) and MRI. We describe the first case of late infantile MLD with spinal involvement revealed by MRI as marked contrast enhancement of nerve roots at the level of the cauda equina.     

MRI与CT诊断胆囊腺肌增生症的临床价值分析

目的探讨MRI与CT对不同类型胆囊腺肌症的诊断价值。方法选取80例医院收治的胆囊腺肌症患者,均行MRI与CT检查,分析不同类型胆囊腺肌症的影像学特征。结果手术病理学检查发现80例患者中局限型胆囊腺肌症26例,节段型胆囊腺肌症25例,弥漫型胆囊腺肌症29例;MRI在该三种类型中的诊断准确率为96.15%、96%、93.1%;CT诊断准确率为76.92%、76%、72.41%,MRI在各类型胆囊腺肌症的诊断准确率均明显高于CT(P<0.05)。结论MRI与CT在胆囊腺肌增生症临床诊断中均有一定的应用价值,MRI检查诊断准确率高于CT检查。     

CT与MRI在诊断脊柱结核中的各自优势

目的研究CT、MRI与脊柱结核(STB)临床分型的符合率,并比较这两种技术各自的诊断优势。方法 60例由手术病理证实的STB患者均经CT与MRI检查。CT、MRI与STB临床分型符合率及其各自的诊断优势,是采用SPSS 12.0统计软件与卡方检验对比分析的。结果在60例患者的临床4型中,CT与MRI诊断中心型分别为6和8例,边缘型分别为24和26例,韧带下型分别为16和14例以及附件型分别为14和12例,两种技术诊断STB与临床分型符合率比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。MRI诊断硬膜与脊髓侵犯以及韧带下播散的敏感性明显高于CT(P<0.05),而CT诊断死骨与钙化的敏感性明显高于MR(IP<0.05)。结论 CT与MRI诊断STB可实现优势互补,但为了遵循国际原子能机构(IAEA)倡导的辐射防护最优化原则,在临床实践中,应尽可能做到二者择一。     

Calf hematoma — computed tomographic and magnetic resonance findings

Four patients with hematomas of the calf are presented. The diagnosis was made by computed tomography (CT) in three cases and CT/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in one case. In all cases, CT or MRI clarified a confusing clinical picture. CT and MRI can help differentiate the types of calf mass (i.e., hematoma, tumor, Baker cyst, thrombophlebitis) and assist proper clinical management in a rapid, noninvasive fashion.     

枕大池发育异常的影像学诊断

目的：分析枕大池发育异常的影像学表现。加深对本病的认识。方法：本组40例中男22例，女18例，年龄19-62岁，平均41岁。40例均先做CT平扫，其中5例又行强化扫描。35例行脑池造影CT扫描；25例复查时又做MR检查。对CT、MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果：按病变形态、范围与影像学表现分为二型；（1）对称型；（2）非对称型。其表现各具特点。结论：根据发病部位与影像学表现诊断不难。但应与幕下某些低密度病变进行鉴别。脑池造影CT扫描有助确诊。     

X线平片、多层螺旋CT三维重建及MRI对神经性关节病比较影像诊断

目的:旨在探讨X线、CT及MRI对神经性关节病的比较影像诊断。方法:对20例神经性关节病患者的影像学表现进行回顾性分析。所有患者均行X线检查,9例行CT检查(其中7例行CT三维重建检查),6例行MR检查。结果:神经性关节病表现为增生及吸收2型;X线及二维CT特点:增生型关节骨质增生硬化,部分伴有骨膜新生骨及骨赘形成,关节间隙变窄、积液,内见小骨片;吸收型关节处骨质崩解、吸收,残端呈刀削样改变。上述2型均见软组织不同程度肿胀,其内可见小骨片,关节脱位或半脱位畸形。CT三维重建(3D)除具备上述X线及二维CT影像表现外,还可从多角度、多方位显示病变立体空间结构,明确关节腔及周围软组织内碎骨块位置、大小、形态及具体数目。MRI可清楚显示关节周围软组织肿胀及其内部异常信号影;关节腔内长T2信号积液范围较X线、CT显示更为清晰。结论:X线是神经性关节病的首选诊断方法;CT三维重建有助于对病变的立体改变详细了解,对治疗有指导意义;MRI对软组织结构改变显示良好,是对X线及CT检查的重要补充。     

脑血吸虫性肉芽肿CT和MRI表现与分型探讨

目的 探讨脑血吸虫性肉芽肿的CT和MRI的表现特征和影像学分型。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理及临床证实的脑血吸虫性肉芽肿30例。采用GE MAX640 CT机及GE Signa 0．2 T开放式永磁型MRI仪，分别进行平扫及增强扫描。结果 幕上大脑27例，幕下小脑3例。CT平扫病变呈等或稍高密度，MR平扫T1WI大多呈等或稍低信号，T2WI呈高信号但低于脑脊液信号，液体衰减反转恢复序列呈稍高信号。CT与MRI增强表现为：脑皮层或皮层下区多发或单发大小不等强化结节。根据结节的形态大小及增强特征分为4型：(1)多发小结节型5例；(2)单发大结节型8例；(3)混合结节型14例；(4)环状强化结节型3例。结论 脑血吸虫性肉芽肿有较典型的CT、MRI表现；影像学分型有利于诊断和鉴别诊断，并可为治疗提供有价值的参考。     

MR imaging in the assessment of lung cancer patients: primary lung cancer staging, evaluation of therapeutic effect and diagnosis of recurrent tumor

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were compared in a prospective study of 137 lung cancer patients proved by surgery or autopsy for determining the staging, evaluation of therapeutic effect and diagnosis of recurrent tumor. 1. Lung cancer staging In peripheral lung cancer, T1 and T2 relaxation times of the tumors before operation have some correlation with those of operated specimens. These relaxation times, however, are of limited nodule characterization. Hilar mass and adjacent pulmonary consolidation (obstructive pneumonia or collapse) can be distinguished on T2-weighted image (77%) and Gd-DTPA enhanced image (80%). Therefore these images help in distinguishing tumor from peripheral lung disease. In the diagnosis of tumor invasion to the heart and great vessels, MRI is superior to CT because MRI can be helpful in distinguishing true mass from heart and great vessels. As for the chest wall, MRI is more useful than CT in detecting tumor invasion especially to the thoracic inlet and superior regions. In the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, MRI is equivalent or slightly inferior to CT, but MRI can easily demonstrate the lymphadenopathy at subcarinal region on coronal image. 2. Evaluation of therapeutic effect in lung cancer patients treated by radiation and chemotherapy MRI patterns of therapeutic effect was divided into 3 types. It is suggested that there is some correlation between these patterns and histologic types. MRI can easily demonstrate necrotic area on T2-weighted and Gd-DTPA enhanced images. 3. Diagnosis of recurrent tumor in treated lung cancer Concerning detecting recurrent tumor after surgery or irradiation, and delineating tumor from radiation pneumonitis, T2-weighted and Gd-DTPA enhanced images are of clinical value.     

MRI、CT诊断脊椎转移瘤的比较分析

目的:探讨脊椎转移瘤的MRI及CT征象,以提高脊椎转移瘤的早期诊断率。方法:对138例脊椎转移瘤患者进行MRI与CT检查,比较脊椎转移瘤在MRI和CT上的表现。结果:138例脊椎转移瘤共发现399个椎体异常,237处椎管受累,190处椎旁软组织肿块,178处病理性骨折。MRI表现为T1加权低信号74%(294/399);T2加权表现为高信号62%(249/399);脂肪抑制T2加权表现为高信号86%(344/399)。CT检出273处病灶表现为不同形态的骨质破坏,溶骨型66%(179/273),成骨型24%(65/273),混合型10%(29/273)。结论:MRI的敏感性和特异性高于CT,MRI和CT联合应用可提高脊椎转移瘤诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

脂肪肉瘤CT及MRI的影像特征与病理分型的对照分析

目的分析不同病理分型的脂肪肉瘤(liposarcoma,LPS)在CT及MRI的特征性表现。方法回顾性分析32例本院经病理证实的脂肪肉瘤患者的CT、MRI影像学表现,从而分析脂肪肉瘤不同病理类型的CT、MRI特点。结果32例脂肪肉瘤患者中,分化良好型10例、黏液型(含圆细胞脂肪肉瘤)6例、去分化型7例、多形性5例、混合型4例。分化良好型脂肪肉瘤以脂肪密度或信号为主;黏液型脂肪肉瘤单囊性稍低密度或信号为主;去分化脂肪肉瘤结节密度或信号不均匀,多结节病变内结节之间分界清楚,可见出血或钙化;多形性脂肪肉瘤密度及信号不均匀,肿瘤边界不规则,无明显包膜;混合型脂肪肉瘤表现为多发大小不等结节,各结节的密度或信号及强化方式均不相同。结论不同病理分型的脂肪肉瘤在CT、MRI均有一定的特征性表现,可以为脂肪肉瘤的准确诊断、手术方案的制订及预后的评估提供有力的证据。     

MRI in inflammatory myopathies

Inflammatory myopathies encompass a group of acquired muscle disorders caused by infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasitic agents) or autoimmune processes (polymyositis, dermatomyositis and other types). In suspected infection sonography, CT and MRI are all able to show edema and fluid collections in soft tissues and muscles; sonography and CT may help guidance of a needle aspiration to establish a correct diagnosis. By offering better tissue differentiation, MRI appears to be more efficient than sonography and CT in diagnosing and managing autoimmune myopathies. MRI is indeed very sensitive to the presence of water and edema, and appears to be a very good indicator for an early diagnosis of diseases. MRI may also help to evaluate the extent and number of lesions, to guide a biopsy in an area of active disease and finally to follow the evolution under therapy. Received: 26 November 1999 Revision requested: 31 January 2000 Revision received: 7 April 2000 Accepted: 3 May 2000     

囊性脑转移瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨囊性脑转移瘤的CT、MR I表现特点。方法经临床或病理证实的囊性脑转移瘤26例,男13例,女13例,平均年龄52.7岁。15例行CT平扫,13例行MR平扫,11例行增强CT和/或增强MR I扫描。结果26例共48个囊性脑转移灶,囊壁CT平扫呈等或稍高密度,MR T1W I和T2W I呈等或稍低信号,根据囊壁的形态将其分为3种类型:不均型、结节型、均匀型。MR T1W I囊液信号强度略高于、T2W I高于脑脊液信号强度,而CT密度与之相似或略高。增强扫描肿瘤呈环形强化,部分病灶可见强化壁结节。结论囊性脑转移瘤形态多样,需与脑脓肿及其他肿瘤性囊性病变相鉴别,MR I多方位增强扫描对诊断很有帮助。     

Anterior mediastinal tumors: diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic accuracy for anterior mediastinal tumors among CT, MRI, and both CT and MRI, and to determine the optimal CT and MRI procedures for the diagnosis of anterior mediastinal tumors.

Materials and methods

Both CT and MRI were performed in 127 patients with pathologically diagnosed anterior mediastinal tumors. The patients included 48 cases of thymoma, 12 cases of thymic carcinoma, 12 cases of thymic cyst, 20 cases of mature teratoma, 13 cases of malignant germ cell tumor, and 22 cases of malignant lymphoma. The CT and MRI scans were assessed by two chest radiologists without knowledge of their clinical and pathologic data. The observers recorded various CT and MRI findings and their first choice of diagnosis.

Results

The two observers made a correct first-choice diagnosis in an average of 78 (61%) of 127 cases on CT, 71 (56%) of 127 cases on MRI, and 85.5 (67%) of 127 cases on both CT and MRI. These included 83% cases of thymoma on CT, 84% on MRI, and 85% on both CT and MRI; 38% cases of thymic carcinoma on CT and 13% on MRI, and 33% on both CT and MRI; 46% cases of thymic cyst on CT and 71% on MRI, and 63% on both CT and MRI; 58% cases of mature teratoma and 38% on MRI, and 78% on both CT and MRI; 35% cases of malignant germ cell tumor on CT and 27% on MRI, and 31% on both CT and MRI; and 55% cases of malignant lymphoma on CT and 43% on MRI, and 61% on both CT and MRI. There were significant differences between the diagnostic accuracy by CT and MRI in the cases with both thymic cysts and thymic carcinoma (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

CT is equal or superior to MRI in the diagnosis of anterior mediastinal tumors except for thymic cyst. CT should be considered the modality of choice following chest radiography, however, in certain circumstances, such as thymic cyst with hemorrhage or inflammation which mimic solid tumor despite low enhancement, MRI may be better in distinguishing anterior mediastinal tumors. For more helpful information in the diagnosis of mature teratoma after CT, MRI may follow.     

CT与MRI在胆系结石诊断中的对比研究

目的比较CT与MRI诊断胆系结石疾病的临床价值。资料与方法对28例胆系结石患者进行CT与MRI检查，并与临床诊断或手术结果对照，其中胆囊结石11例，胆管结石8例，胆囊结石合并胆管结石9例。CT采用常规1次屏气螺旋扫描，MRI采用FLASH、HASTE、TRUEFISP序列及磁共振胰胆为5管造影(MRCP)成像技术。结果28例中，CT检查明确诊断结石16例(准确性7．1％)，MRI检查明确诊断27例(准确性为96．4％)。结论CT与MRI对胆系结石均有较好的诊断价值，但MRI具有成像参数多、可多平面观察及可特殊成像(MRCP)等特点，对胆系结石的诊断明显优于CT。     

肾盂移行细胞癌MSCT及MRI诊断

目的：探讨不同类型肾盂移行细胞癌MSCT和MR表现特点,以提高诊断符合率。方法：38例手术病理证实的肾盂移行细胞癌,32例术前行MSCT双期增强扫描,15例行MR扫描,9例同时进行CT和MR扫描,并与病理结果对照。结果：肾盂内肿块型19例,CT见肾盂内软组织肿块,增强轻中度强化11例,明显强化5例。MR大多数为稍长T1稍长T2信号,增强轻中度强化。肿块浸润型13例,CT见不均匀软组织肿块,增强不均匀强化,外周强化要明显高于内部。MR见T1WI混杂低信号,T2WI混杂高信号,增强见伴坏死囊变的不均匀强化。肾盂壁增厚型6例,CT为肾盂壁不规则增厚影,增强少许强化。MR为轻度强化。结论：肾盂移行细胞癌的CT和MR表现有一定特征性,MSCT和MR均能较为准确地诊断并进行分型分期。     

脑部剪裂伤的CT与MRI诊断(附19例报告)

目的 评价CT和MRI对脑部剪裂伤的诊断功效。方法 回顾性分析了19例脑深部剪裂伤的CT和MRI影像表现和特点。结果 CT显示3个病灶，MRI显示了30个损伤灶，19例全部经MRI确诊，CT的敏感性只有MRI的10%。结论 MRI检查尤其是高场强MRI在颅脑剪裂伤的诊断中具有重要意义。比CT检查有显的优越性，随着MRI设备的普及，对颅脑损伤的病人行MRI检查应作为常规。     

肝门部神经鞘瘤CT、MRI表现与病理对照分析

目的 探讨肝门部神经鞘瘤的CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的认识和诊断水平.资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝门部神经鞘瘤患者的临床、CT、MRI资料,其中2例行CT、MRI检查,3例行CT检查,1例行MRI检查,分析其CT、MRI表现特征并与病理结果对照.结果 肝门部神经鞘瘤的MRI表现:T_1WI序列表现为低或等信号,T_2WI序列为等、高信号.CT表现:CT平扫表现为等密度或稍低密度、边界清晰的肿块,其内可见散在小片状低密度坏死区.CT、MRI增强呈延迟强化或不均匀强化.CT、MRI可见病灶周围有完整包膜,边界清晰.病理以瘤细胞呈梭形、外见完整纤维包膜为特征,免疫组织化学S-100、NSE、Vimentin阳性.结论 肝门部神经鞘瘤具有特征性CT、MRI表现,CT、MRI对肝门部神经鞘瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

Comparing computerized tomography and magnetic resonance in the study of articular pathology of the knee

The authors present a comparison between the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the articular pathologies of the knee. CT and MRI were performed in 30 patients who subsequently underwent surgery. CT and MRI results were compared on three bases: technique, definition of normal anatomy, and diagnostic accuracy. CT allowed a standardization of the technique, while MRI was superior in defining normal anatomy--especially in the study of capsulo-ligamentous structures. In all cases the use of both CT and MRI allowed a correct diagnosis, showing the site, extent and gravity of the lesion. CT proved to be superior to MRI in 4 cases, while MRI corrected CT diagnosis in 11 cases; in 15 patients both techniques had the same diagnostic accuracy. Meniscal tears were better identified by CT, while MRI was superior in the detection of ligamentous lesions and in the characterization of PVNS and tendinitis of the patellar tendon. In conclusion, MRI should be performed in selected cases only, or when CT cannot be trusted; on the other hand, it might also be used as a first-choice diagnostic procedure for synovial pathologies and acute lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament.