Moss-Miami脊柱内固定系统微创治疗腰椎退行性滑脱

目的观察Moss-Miami脊梓内固定系统微创治疗退行性腰椎滑脱的手术疗效。方法21例合并椎管狭窄的退行性腰椎滑脱患者中L3～4 4例,L4～5 12例,L5～S1 5例;Ⅰ度滑脱13例,Ⅱ度滑脱8例：均采用了Moss—Miami内固定做创手术治疗,术后定期随访患者的症状改善、滑脱复位情况以及有无并发症等。结果21例患者术后平均随访18．6个月（15～11个月）,术后及末次复查X线片均显示滑脱腰椎良好复位;18例患者术前临床症状均消失;未发现与植人物或手术相关的并发症。结论用Moss—Miami脊柱内固定系统做创手术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱可以获得满意疗效。     

USS内固定器治疗腰椎退行性滑脱

目的 探讨腰椎管减压、USS内固定器治疗不稳定型腰椎退行性滑脱早期临床效果。方法 对54例腰椎退行性滑脱症患者行后方入路腰椎管减压、USS内固定手术,对照比较手术前、后临床症状改善和X线片滑脱复位程度进行疗效评定。结果 症状完全消失48例,明显改善6例。54例中24例Ⅰ度滑脱,其中22例术后X线片检查证实完全复位;Ⅱ度滑脱30例,28例完全复位,另2例滑脱部分复位。术后无发生神经系统并发症及感染。结论 USS内固定器治疗腰椎退行性滑脱早期随诊复位满意,疗效良好。     

通用型脊柱内固定系统治疗腰椎滑脱

目的探讨国产通用型脊柱内固定系统手术治疗腰椎滑脱的疗效。方法采用椎板开窗减压或保留棘突的全椎板切除减压，国产通用型脊柱内固定系统（All Fix或GSS-Ⅱ）固定，椎体间植骨融合术治疗腰椎滑脱45例。结果19例完全复位，26例部分复位。术后随访39例，随访时间平均3．5年，优良率84．6％。结论国产通用型脊柱内固定系统结构简单，操作方便，固定坚固，能使滑脱的椎体复位，明显提高脊椎融合率。     

青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱的术式选择

目的 :探讨青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱患者手术治疗方式的选择,观察脊柱侧凸及滑脱程度的转归。方法:对2002年5月~2011年1月收治的有完整影像学资料的9例青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱的患者进行回顾性分析。年龄10~18岁,平均14.4±2.7岁。功能性脊柱侧凸3例,特发性脊柱侧凸6例;发育性腰椎滑脱3例,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱6例。滑脱节段均为L5/S1,Ⅰ度滑脱4例,Ⅱ度滑脱2例,Ⅲ度滑脱2例,Ⅳ度滑脱1例。3例(1、3、4号)功能性侧凸患儿均行腰椎滑脱后路复位内固定植骨融合术。1例(2号)特发性脊柱胸腰双弯患儿侧凸Cobb角未达到手术干预标准,行单一腰椎滑脱后路复位内固定植骨融合术;2例(5、6号)无滑脱症状的特发性脊柱侧凸患儿行脊柱侧凸后路矫形内固定植骨融合术;3例(7~9号)伴腰椎滑脱症状者同时行后路滑脱复位与脊柱侧凸矫形联合手术。测量患者术前、术后、末次随访时的Cobb角及滑脱相关参数。结果:仅行单一腰椎滑脱后路复位内固定植骨融合术的4例患儿末次随访时的侧凸主弯Cobb角改善率分别为58.1%、11.5%、57.9%、36.7%,滑脱百分比改善率分别为61.3%、76.9%、59.7%、27.3%;2例仅行脊柱侧凸后路矫形内固定植骨融合术患儿的侧凸主弯Cobb角改善率分别为81.8%及68.6%,滑脱百分比改善率分别为71.8%及25.0%;3例同时行腰椎滑脱后路复位和脊柱侧凸矫形内固定植骨融合术患儿末次随访时Cobb角改善率分别为86.2%、75.6%、72.9%,滑脱百分比改善率分别为31.8%、50.0%、67.7%。7例患儿术前有不同程度的腰痛症状,1~4号患儿ODI评分为26.0(21.0~31.0)分,7~9号为23.0(15.0~29.0)分,末次随访时分别为7.0(5.0~10.0)分和6.0(5.0~8.0)分。9例患儿在术后及随访过程中均未出现并发症。结论:对青少年脊柱侧凸合并腰椎滑脱患儿应根据侧凸类型及腰椎滑脱程度选择手术方式,侧凸Cobb角大于40°伴腰椎滑脱所致腰痛症状时,应同时行脊柱侧凸矫形术和腰椎滑脱复位术;若仅满足腰椎滑脱复位内固定或者仅满足脊柱侧凸矫形的手术干预要求,可考虑行单一后路行腰椎滑脱复位内固定术或单一后路脊柱侧凸矫形手术。     

椎弓根系统固定加后路减压融合治疗腰椎滑脱

目的　评价采用后路椎管减压、椎体融合和椎弓根螺钉复位内固定系统治疗腰椎滑脱的疗效。方法　对 44例腰椎滑脱患者 ,采用全椎板减压、RF -Ⅱ或SOCON脊柱内固定系统复位固定 ,并辅以后路椎体间植骨融合或椎体间融合器技术进行治疗。术后随访观察临床症状和体征 ,定期摄X线片 ,并与术前比较。结果　术后随访时间为 6～ 2 6个月 ,平均 16.4个月 ,3 2例Ⅰ°滑脱和 9例Ⅱ°滑脱完全复位 ,3例Ⅱ°滑脱复位达 90 %。滑脱椎体均获得骨性融合。 2 2例患者腰腿疼症状体征消失 ,17例基本消失 ,优良率为 88.6%。无内固定松动、断裂及神经损伤等并发症 ,无一例患者术后出现症状加重。结论　在腰椎滑脱治疗过程中采用彻底减压 ,并进行椎间融合 ,辅以坚强的内固定 ,是治疗成功的关键     

后路减压SRS内固定椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨腰椎后路椎管减压、SRS内固定等治疗腰椎滑脱并腰椎管狭窄临床疗效。方法从2002年6月~2006年6月,对31例腰椎滑脱进行腰椎管减压、SRS内固定等手术治疗。结果随访10~36个月。术后30例症状完全消失;25例Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位,6例Ⅱ度滑脱中5例完全复位;椎间高度由术前平均5.2mm恢复至术后11.8mm,且无高度丢失。结论后路减压、SRS内固定等治疗腰椎滑脱,效果良好,复位固定稳定满意。     

过伸复位椎板扩大开窗椎体间植骨融合内固定术治疗中青年Ⅰ、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的手术治疗经验。方法对18例中青年Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的患者采用过伸复位椎板扩大开窗椎体间植骨融合内固定术。结果所有患者术后均获得随访,术后随访6～12个月,平均10个月,17例症状消失,优良率94．4％,1例术后偶有下腰痛,能正常工作。结论过伸复位椎板扩大开窗椎体间植骨融合内固定术治疗腰椎滑脱症手术效果满意。     

Cage联合SRS治疗腰椎滑脱

目的 探讨应用Cage联合SRS(脊柱滑脱复位固定系统)治疗腰椎滑脱的适应症与优缺点;方法对13例腰椎滑脱患者行Cage联合SRS脊柱滑脱复位固定系统对滑脱椎体进行复位固定,常规行椎管减压及将椎板碎骨块和自体髂骨植入Cage内,并行植骨融合;结果随访6～26 个月,所有患者的腰腿痛等临床症状明显缓解,腰椎滑脱复位率为92%.术后3～8 个月复查X线片显示13例患者均达到椎体间骨性融合.其中1例单侧提拉螺钉松动,经腰部支具制动4个月后达到骨性融合,1例复位有Ⅰ度丢失;结论应用Cage联合SRS脊柱滑脱复位固定系统治疗腰椎滑脱能有效撑开提拉滑脱椎体,操作简便,明显增强术后融合节段的稳定性.     

FJ脊柱内固定并360°环状植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱

目的探讨FJ脊柱内固定系统和360°环状植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法56例腰椎滑脱患者采用FJ脊柱内固定系统复位、全椎板减压及360°环状植骨融合。结果患者均获随访,时间12～27个月,56例均获骨性融合,其中53例达坚固融合。无术后疼痛加重、感染等并发症出现。结论采用FJ系统内固定并360°环状植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱能明显减轻疼痛症状,植骨融合率高,临床疗效满意。     

TENOR系统治疗腰椎滑脱的近期疗效

目的 :观察TENOR椎弓根钉系统固定及插入型融合器或横突间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱的近期疗效。方法 :从 2 0 0 0年 12月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月 ,对 3 1例腰椎滑脱患者采用腰椎管减压、插入型融合器或横突间植骨和TENOR内固定手术进行治疗。术前X线检查 :Ⅰ度滑脱 15例 ,Ⅱ度滑脱 15例 ,Ⅲ度滑脱 1例 ;L4滑脱 17例 ,L5滑脱 14例。结果 :术后平均随访 15 3个月 (12～ 2 2个月 ) ,比较手术前后临床症状和X线片滑脱复位程度 ,3 1例患者中 ,2 7例症状完全消失 ,优良率 87 1% ,解剖复位率达 93 5 %。结论 :应用TENOR内固定治疗腰椎滑脱 ,效果良好 ,复位满意。     

腰5椎体Ⅱ度以上峡部裂性滑脱的手术策略

目的探讨腰5椎体Ⅱ度以上峡部裂性滑脱的手术治疗策略。方法 2003年8月～2008年10月,应用经椎间孔腰椎间融合（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）技术,以小关节突为中心椎管减压、椎间隙松解撑开复位、椎弓根钉棒系统补充复位固定、椎间隙打压植骨联合椎间融合器技术治疗腰5椎体Ⅱ度以上峡部裂性滑脱26例。结果经18～36个月（平均30个月）随访,滑脱椎体复位无丢失,椎间隙高度维持良好,下腰椎生理弧度恢复正常,椎弓根螺钉无断裂、松动,融合器无移位、沉降。25例获骨性融合。根据NaKai评分标准,优良率为84.6%。结论采用TLIF技术治疗腰5椎体Ⅱ度以上滑脱,神经根管减压是影响疗效的关键因素,滑脱椎体复位有利于神经根减压以及椎间融合率的提高,椎体间融合是维持长期疗效的基础。     

退变性腰椎滑脱症的手术治疗

目的探讨采用后路腰椎椎管减压、钉棒内固定并椎间植骨融合术和后路腰椎减压并Dynesys系统内固定手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的效果。方法应用后路腰椎椎间融合（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）术进行椎管减压、钉棒系统固定并椎体间植骨融合手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱37例;应用后路腰椎管减压并Dynesys内固定手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱5例。结果随访9～39个月,平均26个月,腰痛疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分术前为8.7分,随访时为2.1分;腿痛VAS评分术前为7.6分,随访时为2.3分。术前Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）为58.2%,随访时为21.2%。无严重手术并发症发生。术后X线片复查显示椎间高度均得到不同程度的恢复,滑脱椎体完全复位或者基本复位,椎间植骨融合。无融合器移位或螺钉松动、断裂。结论后路腰椎椎管减压、钉棒内固定并椎间植骨融合术和后路腰椎减压并Dynesys内固定手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱效果满意,安全彻底的神经根管减压是取得满意临床效果的关键。     

Clinical and radiographic results of expansive lumbar laminoplasty in patients with spinal stenosis

BACKGROUND: In 1981, we developed a technique of expansive lumbar laminoplasty to alleviate the problems of conventional laminectomy in the treatment of spinal stenosis. The purposes of this study were to assess the long-term outcome following expansive lumbar laminoplasty and to investigate the postoperative problems. METHODS: Fifty-four patients underwent expansive lumbar laminoplasty for the treatment of spinal stenosis. There were forty-three men and eleven women with a mean age of 52.6 years. The average length of follow-up was 5.5 years. Preoperatively, twenty-five patients had degenerative stenosis; thirteen, stenosis due to spondylolisthesis; twelve, combined stenosis (disc herniation and stenosis); and six, hyperostotic stenosis. (Two patients with hyperostotic stenosis and spondylolisthesis were included in both groups.) The clinical results were assessed with use of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and the rate of recovery was calculated. Radiographic findings were analyzed on the basis of the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal, kyphosis, range of motion of the lumbar spine, and the rate of interlaminar fusion. RESULTS: The average recovery rate at the time of the last follow-up was 69.2% for patients with degenerative stenosis, 66.5% for patients with combined stenosis, 65.2% for those with hyperostotic stenosis, and 54.7% for those with spondylolisthesis. The factors resulting in a poor recovery were an older age and insufficient decompression of the lateral stenosis. During the follow-up period, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score became worse for seven patients, six patients had lesions develop at the level adjacent to the laminoplasty, and five patients had spondylolisthesis develop. Interlaminar fusion was observed in twenty-two patients (41%). CONCLUSIONS: The satisfactory results of expansive lumbar laminoplasty were maintained at an average of 5.5 years after surgery. The best indications for the lumbar laminoplasty procedure were young and active patients with central spinal stenosis.     

通用型脊柱内固定系统治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨通用型脊柱内固定系统（GSS）在腰椎滑脱症治疗中临床疗效。方法对56例峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者采用后路腰椎管减压、椎体复位、椎间植骨融合、GSS固定治疗。术后每3个月复查X线片1次。结果52例获随访,时间6个月～5年。临床疗效按照邹德威综合评价标准：优26例,良22例,一般4例,优良率达92.31%。术后6～12个月植骨均获骨性愈合,无内固定松动、断裂。随访期间椎间隙高度维持良好,滑脱椎体复位无丢失。1例术后出现下肢深静脉血栓。结论GSS是一种疗效确实、具有复位功能的后路椎弓根螺钉系统,其操作简单、安全,并发症少。     

TLIF入路椎体间单枚融合器植骨结合椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳

目的 评价经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术（TLIF）入路椎体间单枚融合器植骨结合椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳的疗效。方法 自2007-01-2012-12采用TLIF入路椎管减压、GSS或SINO内固定装置复位内固定、椎体间混合植骨、单枚cage应用治疗31例多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳,分析术后症状、体征改善情况。结果31例获得0.5-5年,平均1.5年的随访。按侯树勋等制定的疗效评定标准评定疗效：优26例,良5例。按JOA下腰痛疾患疗效评定标准,改善率达90%-98%。结论 应用TLIF入路椎体间单枚融合器植骨结合椎弓根钉系统内固定治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症并腰椎不稳具有减压彻底、微创植骨易融合、神经副损伤少等优点,是治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症及腰椎不稳的理想方法。     

一期后路手术治疗腰椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并腰椎滑脱的疗效

目的探讨腰椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并腰椎滑脱外科治疗方法并评价其临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年7月至2019年3月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的16例腰椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并腰椎滑脱患者的临床资料,其中男性14例,女性2例,年龄46~68岁,平均(59.2±6.5)岁,均采用一期后路病灶清除、复位、减压、内固定、椎间植骨融合术。术后随访12~36个月,平均为(25.0±8.1)个月。记录手术后滑脱复位率、复位丢失率、植骨融合率及并发症发生率。同时,比较手术前后视觉疼痛评分(VAS)、日本骨科学会腰痛评分(JOA)、自主生活能力Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、虎红平板凝集试验(RBP)以评估临床疗效。结果16例患者VAS评分由术前[8.0(8.0,8.8)]分降至术后2周[2.0(1.3,2.0)]分及术后1年[0.0(0.0,1.0)]分。JOA评分由术前平均(11.8±3.6)分升至术后2周平均(18.6±2.3)分及术后1年平均(23.6±2.7)分。ODI指数由术前平均(88.5±5.6)%降至术后2周平均(35.7±3.1)%及术后1年平均(9.3±5.7)%。ESR由术前[35.5(14.5,43.0)]mm/h降至术后2周平均(12.9±5.3)mm/h及术后1年平均(9.2±3.6)mm/h。CRP由术前平均(20.3±10.2)mg/L降至术后2周平均(7.6±3.1)mg/L及术后1年平均(3.5±1.7)mg/L。术后2周及术后1年,VAS、JOA、ODI、ESR、CRP与术前差异均有统计学差异(P均<0.001);术后1年,VAS、JOA、ODI、ESR、CRP与术后2周差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。术后2周滑脱复位率平均为(91.2±6.7)%,术后1年复位丢失率为[8.0(5.0,9.8)]%。末次随访时,所有患者均获得骨性融合,无内固定松动、断裂等情况发生,且无复发。结论一期后路病灶清除、复位、减压、内固定、椎间植骨融合手术治疗腰椎布鲁杆菌性脊柱炎合并腰椎滑脱可行,通过重建脊柱稳定性来缓解患者疼痛、治愈病灶以及提高生活质量。     

椎弓根螺钉及360°植骨融合术治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨充分减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定及360°植骨融合术治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法采用椎弓根螺钉内固定术及360°植骨融合术治疗34例多节段腰椎管狭窄症患者。结果随访10~23个月,平均14个月。JOA计算手术改善率为75%~91%(平均87%),X线复查34例全部达到骨性融合。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定为腰椎管狭窄症的彻底减压提供可靠的技术支持,360°植骨融合术确保了术后腰椎节段的稳定,两者结合为治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症提供一种较好的方法。     

One-stage decompression and posterolateral and interbody fusion for severe spondylolisthesis. An analysis of 14 patients

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 14 patients with high-grade L5-S1 spondylolisthesis surgically treated with one-stage decompression and posterolateral and interbody fusion (technique of Bohlman and Cook). OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of this technique in managing severe lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Controversy exists over the most appropriate method for managing high-grade spondylolisthesis. Circumferential in situ fusion from a single-stage posterior approach was described in 1982, but to the current authors' knowledge, there are not many reports on clinical results in the literature. The current authors studied 14 patients (mean age, 21 years) with severe L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. The percentage of slipping averaged 77%; slip angle averaged 36 degrees. The average follow-up period was 30 months. All patients had severe back or radicular symptoms. Two patients had foot drop, and four had minor neurologic dysfunction. Four patients had extremely tight hamstrings. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative radiographic films and computed tomography scans were reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out in 11 patients before surgery and at follow-up examination. Patients were evaluated for fusion rate, clinical outcome, and complications. RESULTS: All six patients with motor deficit of the nerve roots showed complete strength recovery at follow-up examination. None of the patients had tightness of hamstrings. Twelve patients demonstrated incorporation of the graft with solid fusion, one patient had a fracture of the fibular graft, and one had graft resorption. All patients but one rated the surgical result as excellent. One patient was not satisfied with the cosmetic result. Transient paresthesias in the leg of the donor graft were documented in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior decompression of the spinal canal combined with anterior and posterior arthrodesis performed at one stage through a posterior approach is a safe and effective technique for managing severe spondylolisthesis.     

三椎体复位固定行腰椎滑脱翻修手术探讨

目的：分析腰椎滑脱症手术失败原因,探讨三椎体复位固定翻修腰椎滑脱症手术失败病例的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月收治的19例腰椎滑脱症翻修手术病例的临床资料,男12例,女7例;年龄36-68岁,平均51.5岁。其中滑脱节段复位丢失6例,内固定物松动或断裂5例,滑脱加重8例。临床症状有下腰部疼痛、单侧或双侧下肢疼痛麻木等。翻修手术采用后路三椎体椎弓根钉内固定,后路减压、复位,椎体间加后外侧植骨,对初次手术后发生椎弓根钉松动或断裂的椎体采用取出松动或断裂的螺钉,换用加粗或加长椎弓根螺钉进行再次置入,或者采用骨水泥灌注,置入椎弓根螺钉。应用X线正侧位片和伸屈动力位片评价椎间融合的效果,并采用JOA评分对疗效进行评定。结果：翻修手术后均获随访,时间为10-30个月,平均18个月。X线显示所有翻修手术病例植骨融合良好,植骨融合时间5.5-7个月,滑脱椎体再次复位后矫正度无丢失,椎弓根螺钉无松动及断裂。JOA评分改善率为（78.06±3.90）%,以患者手术前及术后6个月随访时的JOA评分进行统计学分析,Ⅰ度滑脱3例,术前评分13.33±1.53,术后26.33±0.58;Ⅱ度滑脱7例,术前评分12.85±2.19,术后26.29±2.21;Ⅲ度滑脱9例,术前评分12.21±2.73,术后26.44±1.81。手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：腰椎滑脱症初次手术失败原因主要与内固定物松动断裂和植骨不融合有关。翻修手术采用三椎体椎弓根钉内固定,可获得坚强内固定、充分减压、植骨融合,结合术后对患者功能锻炼的指导,可以取得满意的治疗效果。     

Functional outcome of surgical treatment for multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the best treatment of patients with multilevel lumbar stenosis. We evaluated the clinical and radiological findings in 41 patients with complex degenerative spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine who were treated surgically. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2003, 41 patients suffering from degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis were included in a prospective clinical study. The spinal stenosis was multilevel in all patients and in 13 of them there was degenerative scoliosis, in 18 there was degenerative spondylolisthesis, and in 10 there was segmental instability. Plain radiographs, MRI and/or CT myelograms were obtained preoperatively. The patients were assessed clinically with the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS). Surgery included wide posterior decompression and fusion using a trans-pedicular instrumentation system and bone graft. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 3.7 (1-6) years, the patients' clinical improvement on the ODI and VAS was statistically significant. Recurrent stenosis was not observed, and 39 of 41 patients were satisfied with the outcome. 3 patients with improvement initially had later surgery because of instability. INTERPRETATION: The above-mentioned technique gives good and long lasting clinical results, when selection of patients is done carefully and when the spinal levels that are to be decompressed are selected accurately.