男性骨质疏松患者股骨头松质骨微结构区域差异的研究

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the femoral head trabecular heterogeneity in Chinese male patients with osteoporotic fracture and their effects on osteoporotie fracture.Methods Human femoral heads were obtained from 11 male osteoporotie fracture (OP) patients ranged from 51 to 82 years old [average age (65±9 ) years old], and 7 male trauma ( TM ) patients ranged from 46 to 75 years old [average age (61±11 ) years old] who underwent total hip arthroplasty within two hours after either osteoporotic or trauma hip fracture.The OP was defined as having a fragility fracture.After laying femoral head as living body position and locating mark, nine trabecular specimens were obtained from femoral heads, each of 6 mm × 6 mm× 7 mm.The cortical shell was not included in each specimen.One cube was selected as the primary compressive trabecular region and the other 8 specimens as non-primary compressive trabecular region.These cubes were scanned using high-resolution microcomputed tomography scanner (μCT).After scanning, the data of total cubes, primary compressive trabecular region and noncompressive trabecular region were used for analysis by t test.Results In OP group volumetric bone mineral deosity(vBMD) [( 182.15±66.00) mg/mm3 vs (223.97±70.92) mg/mm3, t =3.041], tissue bone mineral density (tBMD) [(538.76±64.72) mg/mm3 vs (580.01±63.86 ) mg/mm3, t = 3.160],bone volume fraction (TV/BV) [(0.22 ± 0.06) % vs (0.26 ± 0.07 ) %, t = 2.821], trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) [( 161.07 ±42.75 ) μm vs ( 205.47 ± 74.44 ) μm, t = 3.233] were significantly decreased while bone surface/bone volume ( BS/BV ) [( 13.75 ± 2.55 ) mm-1 vs ( 12.28 ± 2.70 ) mm-1, t =-2.777] was significantly increased in the non-primary compressive trabecular region than that in the primary compressive trabecular region ( P < 0.05 ).vBMD [( 182.15 ± 66.00) mg/mm3 vs ( 248.05 ±105.48) mg/mm3, t = - 3.598], tBMD [(538.76 ± 64.72) mg/mm3 vs ( 570.54 ± 100.32) mg/mm3,t=-2.108],TV/BV [(0.22±0.06) % vs (0.28±0.12) %, t= -3.466], Tb.Th.[(161.07±42.75) μm vs (200.31 ±96.63) μm, t= -2.866], trabecular number (Tb.N.)[(1.46±0.23)/mm3 vs ( 1.57 ± 0.29)/mm3, t = - 2.396] were significantly decreased while trabecular separation ( Tb.Sp.) [(780.82 ± 144.85 )μm vs ( 653.09 ± 119.64) μm, t = 5.470], degree of anisotropy (DA) ( 1.57±0.20 vs 1.47±0.18, t = 2.930 ) were significantly increased in OP than in TM in the non-compressive trabecular region( P < 0.05 ).No significant differents were found between OP and TM for any of the parameters measured in the primary compressive trabecular region.Tb.Th.[(199.37±68.22)μm vs (176.33 ±71.21 )μm, t = 2.060,P < 0.05] were significantly increased in the primary compressive trabecular region than that in the non-primary compressive trabecular region and no significant differences were found in the other parameters in the all 18 specimens.Conclusions The femoral head trabeculae had a heterogenic distribution in OP.Bone loss in OP primarily takes place in non-compressive trabecular region.Femoral neck fracture cannot be prevented though the bone microstructure do not loss in the primary compressive trabecular region.Tb.Th.in the femoral head could be an interesting parameter which is closely related to the femoral neck fracture.     

男性骨质疏松患者股骨头松质骨微结构区域差异的研究

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the femoral head trabecular heterogeneity in Chinese male patients with osteoporotic fracture and their effects on osteoporotie fracture.Methods Human femoral heads were obtained from 11 male osteoporotie fracture (OP) patients ranged from 51 to 82 years old [average age (65±9 ) years old], and 7 male trauma ( TM ) patients ranged from 46 to 75 years old [average age (61±11 ) years old] who underwent total hip arthroplasty within two hours after either osteoporotic or trauma hip fracture.The OP was defined as having a fragility fracture.After laying femoral head as living body position and locating mark, nine trabecular specimens were obtained from femoral heads, each of 6 mm × 6 mm× 7 mm.The cortical shell was not included in each specimen.One cube was selected as the primary compressive trabecular region and the other 8 specimens as non-primary compressive trabecular region.These cubes were scanned using high-resolution microcomputed tomography scanner (μCT).After scanning, the data of total cubes, primary compressive trabecular region and noncompressive trabecular region were used for analysis by t test.Results In OP group volumetric bone mineral deosity(vBMD) [( 182.15±66.00) mg/mm3 vs (223.97±70.92) mg/mm3, t =3.041], tissue bone mineral density (tBMD) [(538.76±64.72) mg/mm3 vs (580.01±63.86 ) mg/mm3, t = 3.160],bone volume fraction (TV/BV) [(0.22 ± 0.06) % vs (0.26 ± 0.07 ) %, t = 2.821], trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) [( 161.07 ±42.75 ) μm vs ( 205.47 ± 74.44 ) μm, t = 3.233] were significantly decreased while bone surface/bone volume ( BS/BV ) [( 13.75 ± 2.55 ) mm-1 vs ( 12.28 ± 2.70 ) mm-1, t =-2.777] was significantly increased in the non-primary compressive trabecular region than that in the primary compressive trabecular region ( P < 0.05 ).vBMD [( 182.15 ± 66.00) mg/mm3 vs ( 248.05 ±105.48) mg/mm3, t = - 3.598], tBMD [(538.76 ± 64.72) mg/mm3 vs ( 570.54 ± 100.32) mg/mm3,t=-2.108],TV/BV [(0.22±0.06) % vs (0.28±0.12) %, t= -3.466], Tb.Th.[(161.07±42.75) μm vs (200.31 ±96.63) μm, t= -2.866], trabecular number (Tb.N.)[(1.46±0.23)/mm3 vs ( 1.57 ± 0.29)/mm3, t = - 2.396] were significantly decreased while trabecular separation ( Tb.Sp.) [(780.82 ± 144.85 )μm vs ( 653.09 ± 119.64) μm, t = 5.470], degree of anisotropy (DA) ( 1.57±0.20 vs 1.47±0.18, t = 2.930 ) were significantly increased in OP than in TM in the non-compressive trabecular region( P < 0.05 ).No significant differents were found between OP and TM for any of the parameters measured in the primary compressive trabecular region.Tb.Th.[(199.37±68.22)μm vs (176.33 ±71.21 )μm, t = 2.060,P < 0.05] were significantly increased in the primary compressive trabecular region than that in the non-primary compressive trabecular region and no significant differences were found in the other parameters in the all 18 specimens.Conclusions The femoral head trabeculae had a heterogenic distribution in OP.Bone loss in OP primarily takes place in non-compressive trabecular region.Femoral neck fracture cannot be prevented though the bone microstructure do not loss in the primary compressive trabecular region.Tb.Th.in the femoral head could be an interesting parameter which is closely related to the femoral neck fracture.     

股骨头缺血性坏死的影像学分析

目的探讨股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的X线、CT表现及临床价值。方法回顾性分析36例ANFH患者影像学资料,并进行总结比较。结果 36例中双侧发病13例,占36%;单侧发病23例,占64%。X线检查:股骨头未发现异常6例,诊断为Ⅰ期1例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期12例,Ⅳ期8例;CT检查:股骨头未发现异常1例,CT诊断为Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期8例,Ⅲ期15例,Ⅳ期8例。结论 X线片是诊断ANFH最基本、最经济、最简便的方法,但对早期病变易漏诊,对中、晚期AFHN可明确诊断。CT具有较高的分辨率,能显示病理Ⅱ期ANFH,对于ANFH的早期诊断和分期比X线片优越。     

高原地区成人股骨头缺血性坏死X线及CT影像诊断价值

目的 探讨X线及CT影像检查在高原地区成人股骨头缺血性坏死不同时期诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性收集2013年10月至2021年1月于我院经手术病理证实为股骨头缺血坏死临床及影像资料,所有患者均有完整的骨盆X线检查及CT影像资料。由2名多年影像诊断经验放射科医生共同阅片分别对比骨盆X线和CT影像图像进行分期,比较X线及CT检查股骨头分期的准确性。结果 据纳入及排除标准最终纳入44例（88髋）;X线及CT检查对股骨头缺血坏死的准确率分别为87.5%、96.6%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.97,P=0.03）。CT对股骨头缺血坏死Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期准确率明显高于X线,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,对Ⅲ期CT准确率略高于X线,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,Ⅳ期两者准确率均达到100%。结论 Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期股骨头缺血坏死CT准确率明显高于X线检查,X线检查结果阴性患者如果临床高度可疑股骨头缺血坏死,应需要进一步CT检查。     

股骨头缺血性坏死的CT表现(附86例报告)

目的:探讨股骨头缺血性坏死的CT表现.方法:利用螺旋CT对疑有股骨头坏死的86例患者进行扫描.结果:86例患者发现107个股骨头出现缺血性坏死,并表现股骨头缺血性坏死不同病理时期的CT表现.结论:螺旋CT扫描能较早的发现股骨头缺血性坏死并能显示病变范围,在诊断股骨头缺血性坏死中具有重要价值.     

股骨头坏死CT与MRI诊断的临床分析

目的:观察股骨头坏死CT与MRI征象,探讨其临床诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2008年3月～2009年1月经临床病例证实的36例60个股骨头坏死的CT和MRI影像学资料,分析其诊断方法及临床价值。结果:Ⅰ～Ⅱ期共30个股骨头,CT检查16髋未见明显异常征象,14髋发现条带状和斑片状高密度硬化及局部囊变等征象。MRI检查均表现为不等的片状或线状高信号,并伴有少量关节腔内积液。Ⅲ期:17个股骨头,CT发现有16髋骨小梁缺失以及细小囊性变形成,而MRI发现17髋,表现为骨小梁缺失,部分呈长T1、T2信号。股骨头塌陷13例,CT发现12例,MRI发现13例。结论:MRI检查股骨头坏死,能提供其不同时期的影像特征,并可做出准确的判断,是临床检查股骨头坏死的一种较佳方法。     

股骨头缺血坏死早期的CT研究

目的探讨股骨头缺血坏死(ANFH)早期CT表现并指导临床治疗。方法回顾性分析具有典型X线和CT表现并经临床病理或随访证实的49例成人ANFH的CT片,分析其CT早期征象并指导临床治疗。结果在49例的58个股骨头中20个股骨头骨小梁呈放射状密度增高的“星状征”,骨小梁境界清楚、锐利,属Ⅰ期;31个股骨头表现为骨硬化,骨小梁结构消失、模糊不清,骨密度减低及囊性改变,属Ⅱ期;并有7个股骨头在Ⅱ期影像改变基础上出现软骨下骨折及轻微塌陷,属Ⅲ期,X线和CT诊断的敏感性比较,得出x2=8.01,P<0.01,结果显示CT优于X线且差异有显著意义。结论CT可以诊断早期ANFH并能很好指导临床治疗。     

骨质疏松老年妇女腰椎骨密度及结构的多层螺旋CT研究

目的评价容积性定量CT(vQCT)技术测量的腰椎骨密度(BMD)参数区分骨质疏松性椎体骨折与无骨折老年妇女的能力,对骨质疏松老年妇女腰椎结构与正常老年妇女进行比较。方法将有骨质疏松脊椎骨折的26例老年妇女归为第1组,选择年龄与其相匹配的无脊椎骨折的30例骨质疏松妇女归为第2组。应用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对56例病人腰椎L1、L2椎体行容积扫描,在横断面影像中经传统的QCT法测量L1、L2小梁骨BMD(2D-TRAB)、整体骨BMD(2D-INTGL);在经计算机工作站行容积再现(VR)三维处理的影像中应用直方图功能测量L1、L2椎体整体骨BMD(3D-INTGL)、皮质骨BMD(3D-CORT)、小梁骨BMD(3D-TRAB)。双能X线吸收仪(DXA)测量参数为腰椎正位BMD(AP-SPINE)、腰椎正位表观BMD(BMAD)。比较2组老年妇女间上述7组的BMD值。另对10例2D-TRAB正常的老年妇女在VR像中测量L1椎体中部边长为20mm的正方体内骨小梁容积比值,并与在56例妇女中随机选取的10例的数值比较。结果DXA测量中AP-SPINE、BMAD在第1组妇女为(0·796±0·170)g/cm2、(272·7±27·7)mg/cm3,与第2组妇女(0·817±0·140)g/cm2、(249·5±26·5)mg/cm3之间差异无统计学意义;vQCT中第1组的2D-TRAB为(70·4±22·2)mg/cm3、2D-INTGL为(138·3±35·1)mg/cm3、3D-INTGL为(139·4±34·9)mg/cm3、3D-CORT为(133·8±26·9)mg/cm3、3D-TRAB为(69·9±18·6)mg/cm3,比第2组数值(89·1±21·8)mg/cm3、(170·6±34·5)mg/cm3、(180·5±28·2)mg/cm3、(163·2±27·5)mg/cm3、(83·8±17·1)mg/cm3下降18%~23%。10例骨质疏松老年妇女L1椎体骨小梁容积比值为(8·12±1·96)%,明显低于正常老年妇女的(39·13±2·15)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01)。结论MSCT中vQCT参数区分骨质疏松性椎体骨折与无骨折老年妇女的能力优于DXA,三维重组影像显示的骨质疏松老年妇女椎体骨小梁容积明显低于正常老年妇女。     

老年男性腰椎的QCT骨密度测量

目的:探讨老年男性腰椎定量CT(QCT)骨密度(BMD)测量的价值及其应用中的注意事项。方法:对516例老年男性进行腰椎体松质骨的QCT骨密度测量。检查时通过L_(1～5)椎体中心和腰椎体模中心行轴位扫描。然后对各椎体及体模图像进行测量。所得数据由腰椎骨密度分析软件分析处理,得出个体腰椎的平均骨密度值及T-Score值、Z-Score值,再将其结果与正常人群的骨密度峰值进行比较,经分析得出诊断结论。诊断标准参照WHO的标准及国内推荐的标准执行。结果:516例中骨密度正常者24例,占4.7%;骨密度降低者109例,占21.1%;骨质疏松症者318例,占61.6%;严重骨质疏松症者65例,占12.6%。结论:腰椎体松质骨的QCT骨密度测量可较早地反映出老年男性体内骨矿含量的变化,对早期发现和确诊老年男性的骨质疏松症具有十分重要的价值。在QCT检查中,需高度重视测量质量的控制。     

股骨头颈直径比的MSCT测量

目的:应用CT多平面重组图像测量股骨头颈直径比的正常值,比较两种测量方法(利用平行于股骨颈的斜正中矢状面和利用髋关节标准冠状面图像)的差异。方法:筛选行骨盆或下腹CT检查而无任何髋部症状的101例成人的202个髋关节的容积CT数据进行MPR后处理,其中男性髋112个、女性髋90个。选取平行于股骨颈斜正中矢状面和标准冠状面MPR图像,通过Digmizer V3.1软件分别进行股骨头、颈的直径测量并计算两者的比值。结果:利用斜正中矢状面MPR图像测量股骨头颈直径比为1.12～2.17,平均值为1.78±0.14;男性平均值为1.77±0.14,女性平均值为1.80±0.14,性别差异无统计学意义(t=-1.490,P>0.05);右侧平均值为1.81±0.12,左侧为1.75±0.15。利用冠状面MPR图像测量股骨头颈直径比为1.07～1.83,平均值为1.46±0.10;男性平均值为1.45±0.12,女性平均值为1.48±0.09;右侧平均值为1.46±0.11,左侧为1.46±0.10,左右侧的差异无统计学意义(t=0.008,P>0.05)。两种测量方法所得的202个股骨头颈直径比的平均值的差异有统计学意义(F=656.102,P<0.001)。结论:利用平行于股骨颈的斜正中矢状面MPR图像测量股骨头颈直径比较利用冠状面MPR图像测量方法能更真实地反映股骨头颈交界处的凹陷程度,可为诊断凸轮型撞击综合征提供一定的参考依据。     

成人股骨头缺血坏死的CT研究

目的 探讨成人股骨头缺血坏死的早期ＣＴ表现和新征象。方法 回顾性阅读具有典型Ｘ线和ＣＴ表现并经病理或随访证实的１２７例成人股骨头缺血坏死的ＣＴ片,分析其征象及变化。结果 ＣＴ表现：股骨头完整组有９０个关节,其中单纯高密度硬化６７个股骨头,伴低密度区者２３个股骨头。股骨头塌陷组１１１个髋关节,其中２５个股骨头示单纯高密度硬化,８６伴低密度区。４３个股骨头内出现气体。随访病例中,股骨头外形和密度也表现     

成人股骨头缺血性坏死的早期CT诊断

目的：探讨成人股骨头缺血性坏死（AvNFH)的早期CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经病理或随访证实的20例28个髋股骨头外形完整2的成人AvNFH的平片及CT片,分析其征象及变化,结果：28个股骨头均完整2,平片仅显示4个股骨头皮质局限性增厚、硬化。CT扫描15个股骨头显示骨小梁扭曲,12个股骨头内见多种形态斋密度硬化区,其中3个股骨头合并低密度区,4个股骨头见边缘皮质硬化,随访病例股骨头密度及外形表现出一定规律。结论：股骨头内“星芒征”消失,出现多种形态的高密度硬化区是本病的CT早期征象。     

成人正常股骨头前缘与髋臼前唇连线延长线间距的CT测量

目的 通过CT测量建立成人正常股骨头前缘与髋臼前唇连线延长线间距的正常值标准.方法 对已行盆腹部多层螺旋CT扫描而无髋关节疾患的333例病例,进行薄层骨算法重建、图像MPR后处理,测量股骨头与髋臼前唇连线延长线间距、髋关节前、后间隙并进行统计学分析.结果 成人正常股骨头前缘与髋臼前唇联线延长线间距正常值范围,男性-1.36～4.12mm,平均1.38mm,标准差为1.40mm;女性-2.09～3.67mm,平均0.79mm,标准差1.47mm.成人正常髋关节前间隙正常值范围,男性1.13～4.35mm,平均2.74mm,标准差0.82mm;女性0.94～4.32mm,平均2.63mm,标准差为0.86mm.成人正常髋关节后间隙正常值范围,男性0.7～3.44mm,平均2.07mm,标准差0.70mm;女性0.6～3.26mm,平均1.93mm,标准差0.6gmm.结论 成人正常股骨头前缘与髋臼前唇连线延长线间距正常值范围,男性-1.36～4.12mm,女性-2.09～3.67mm;髋关节前间隙,男性1.13～4.35mm,女性0.94～4.32mm;髋关节后间隙,男性0.7～3.44mm,女性0.6～3.26mm.     

早期成人股骨头缺血坏死的影像学对比研究及检查途径探讨

目的　探讨早期成人股骨头缺血坏死 (FHN)的MRI、CT、单光子发射计算机体层摄影(SPECT)和X线平片 4种影像学表现之间的对应关系及其敏感性和准确性 ,建立早期诊断的影像学检查途径。方法　分析和总结 4 2例 6 6髋随访和病理证实或具有典型影像学表现的早期 (FicatⅠ～Ⅱ期 )成人FHN病人的髋关节影像学资料。全部病例均同期行MRI、CT、SPECT和X线平片检查。结果　 (1) 6 6髋中 ,6 3髋股骨头MRI出现“线样征” ,其中 32髋为单线征 ,2 1髋为双线 ,10髋为三线。CT上对应部位显示为较模糊的高密度硬化线 33髋 ,高密度硬化线内侧伴行低密度带 9髋 ,软组织低密度线伴两侧高密度硬化线 4髋 ,未成线的高密度硬化斑点 13髋 ;SPECT上呈环形和弧形放射性浓聚带 38髋 ;X线平片上硬化条带 2 3髋。 (2 ) 6 6髋中 ,4种影像学检查方法的诊断差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　MRI上“线样征”、CT上承重区周围高密度硬化线、SPECT上股骨头基底部或颈部环形和弧形放射性浓聚带以及X线平片上模糊硬化带相互对应 ,为诊断早期成人FHN的特异性征象。综合比较对早期成人FHN诊断的敏感性和准确性 ,MRI最高 ,其次CT和SPECT相当 ,X线平片最差。     

兔创伤性股骨颈骨折后股骨头血流的改变及其意义

目的采用三相~~(99)Tcm-亚甲基二磷酸盐(MDP)骨显像评价创伤性股骨颈骨折后各时期股骨头血流灌注的变化。方法24只左侧股骨颈骨折的新西兰大白兔,分别与骨折前、骨折后即刻、1,3个月行三相骨显像,评价股骨头血流改变,计算左右两侧放射性计数比(头-头比)。结果骨折前双侧股骨头血流分布对称,左右头头比为1.01±0.04,骨折后即刻、1,3个月左侧股骨头血流灌注表现为正常、低血供、高血供倾向,静态相左右头-头比分别为1.08±0.36,0.83±0.26,3.68±0.21。结论创伤性股骨颈骨折后即刻,供应股骨头血流的血管可能并未受到损伤,早期或后期的继发性因素致使血管损伤、股骨头的血供和代谢受到影响;骨折造成血管直接损伤机制可能并非创伤性股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的主要原因,可能还存在其他的多种机制。     

成人股骨头缺血坏死关节囊(腔)异常CT研究

目的探讨成人股骨头缺血坏死关节囊(腔)异常的出现率、发病机制和CT表现。材料与方法回顾性分析具有典型X线和CT表现或/和经病理或随访证实的138例成人ANFH病人的CT片,从中挑选出伴关节囊(腔)异常者进行分析。结果45个出现关节积液和其他关节囊(腔)异常,包括钙质样高密度游离体(6个),关节囊肥厚(15个),关节囊钙化(5个)和髂腰肌囊扩张(7个)。所有45个关节的股骨头均已发生塌陷。结论股骨头塌陷后,股骨头外移、应力改变和对髋关节囊的异常牵拉,是成人股骨头缺血坏死关节囊(腔)异常的主要原因。不同关节囊(腔)异常具有不同的发生率和CT表现。     

The femoral head notch

A notch-like defect at the vertex of the proximal femoral ossification center is a normal variant in children. This has often been mistaken for Legg-Perthes disease. This sharply defined defect is distinct from the irregular epiphyseal ossification patterns common in other areas.