CT定位微创脑脓肿穿刺引流术与开颅手术治疗脑脓肿的临床分析

目的:探讨CT定位引导下微创脑脓肿穿刺引流术与开颅手术在脑脓肿治疗中的应用及疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院自2000年1月～2011年12月分别采用CT定位引导下微创脑脓肿穿刺引流术与开颅脓肿切除治疗15例临床病例资料。结果:12例患者1个月脓腔消失,6个月脓壁消失,治愈;2例患者残留部分脓壁、脓腔缩小,好转;1例死亡。结论:CT定位微创脑脓肿穿刺引流术与开颅脓肿切除术相结合治疗脑脓肿具有安全、简便、疗效确切的优点。     

超声在脑脓肿手术中的应用价值

目的 探讨在脑脓肿手术中应用超声进行引导和买时监控的临床价值.万法 6例脑脓肿显微手术,采用术中超声定位,了解脓肿的位置、大小、形态及周边情况,指引手术路径,并动态监测术中抽吸脓液及囊壁切除情况.结果 6例病灶得到全部或大部分切除,术后患者恢复良好,无额外神经功能损伤和手术并发症.结论 术中超声操作简便,定位准确,全程监控病灶的切除,配合神经外科医生完整切除病灶,有利于降低手术损伤,提高手术成功率.     

福尔马林在脑脓肿手术中的应用

目的 通过10%福尔巴林对脑脓肿脓壁处理提高脑脓肿 ，特别是较大脓肿的完整切除率及减少感染率。方法 根据CT定位，把脑脓肿脓壁切开吸除脓液，用10%的福尔林棉条置于脓腔内内硬化脓壁，很小空间可完整摘除处理脓壁。结果 本组12例无1例颅内感染及脓肿复发，全部治愈。结论 对直径在3cm以上的较大脓肿有10%福尔巴林处理脓壁，可避免在手术中因脓肿破溃而污染，同时手术中对周围脑组织损伤很小，特别是体积较大，脓壁薄、时间短的脑脓肿是一个极好的方法。     

微创穿刺引流治疗脑脓肿12例临床分析

目的 分析微创穿刺引流术治疗脑脓肿的临床效果,探讨其手术适应症和手术时机. 方法 应用北京万特福公司生产的YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针灌洗引流.回顾性分析12例脑脓肿的临床资料. 结果 12例痊愈,症状、体征消失,术后1个月CT扫描8例病灶区可见部分脓肿壁,4例扫描病灶影完全消失,3个月CT扫描病灶影完全消失,均未见复发. 结论 微创穿刺引流术是治疗单发性和部分多发性脑脓肿的一种简单有效的方法,手术时机应选择在脓肿壁完全形成之后.     

颅内单发小脓肿的手术治疗

目的:观察30例颅内单发小脓肿的手术治疗的疗效.方法:均在直视下完成脓肿的全部切除,在出院后坚持服用抗癫痫药物1年以上.结果:随访时间为18～40个月,除1例因术后脑水肿使患者的神经功能状态恶化外,余29例患者的神经功能状态均保持了术前的状态或好转.23例患者获得了连续CT检查,结果脑脓肿病灶全部消失,其中19例病灶周围低密度影在6个月内消失.结论:颅内单发小脓肿的手术治疗疗效良好,术后继续使用抗生素和抗癫痫药物实属必要.     

扁桃体周围脓肿期行扁桃体切除术的疗效观察

目的 探讨扁桃体周围脓肿期行扁桃体切除术的安全性和可行性,探索总结扁桃体周围脓肿一次性根治的临床治疗经验,评价其疗效,为临床治疗的有效性提供客观依据.方法 对61例扁桃体周围脓肿患者于脓肿期先行穿刺排脓或切开排脓,3~4 d后行扁桃体切除术.结果 61例中全部一次手术成功,术中、术后的并发症及手术风险无明显增大,术后无1例复发.结论 扁桃体围周脓肿期行扁桃体切除术安全可行,能迅速解除患者痛苦,脓肿切开引流和扁桃体切除两次手术一次完成,病程短,费用低,疗效好,一次性根治,无复发,是治疗扁桃体周围脓肿较为理想的方法.     

微创术清除脑脓肿的初步探讨

目的　探讨运用微创手术方法清除脑脓肿 ,提高其救治水平。方法　选择 2 0 0 0年 5月以来已明确诊断为脑脓肿患者 1 5例 ,分别采用单针或双针穿刺持续冲洗引流治疗。结果　 1 5例脑脓肿经治疗后 ,5～ 7天脓肿清除 ,病情平稳 ,8～ 1 0周复查头颅CT ,局部脓肿壁闭塞或成软化灶 ,临床症状消失。死亡 1例 (6 .7% )。结论　微创治疗脑脓肿有效率高 ,能显著降低病死率及致残率 ,提高生存率 ,且方法简单安全     

脑脓肿切除的显微外科技术

作者采用显微外科技术切除脑脓肿40例,在切除前,先用自制三通装置穿刺脓肿,并用10％甲醛溶液及庆大霉素溶液冲洗脓腔,然后在手术显微镜下切除脓壁。随访3～5年,治愈率98.0％(38例),复发1例,死亡2例。     

12例脑脓肿的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨脑脓肿的诊断和治疗.方法 采用CT定位结合术中B超导向脓肿穿刺引流术,脑脓肿切除术方法治疗.结果 12例均治愈,1例因多发脓肿切除好转残留肢体偏瘫.结论 脑脓肿早期诊断、早期抗感染治疗加上手术切除或穿刺引流可治愈,CT和MRI是早期明确诊断的重要方法.CT和术中B超导引是较好的手术定位方法.     

“开窗”式引流加大网膜填塞治疗细菌性肝脓肿

目的：探讨采用经腹肝脏“开窗”式引流加大网膜填塞治疗细菌性肝脓肿10例的疗效。方法：切开肝脓肿吸收脓液，以手指在脓腔内作引导环形缝扎表面肝脓肿壁边缘一周，切除环形缝线内面的肝脓肿壁，使脓腔充分敞开．形成肝脓肿“盆”，并用大网膜填塞固定。结果：全组无手术死亡，术后体温和血象多于3-7天恢复正常，B超提示脓腔平均15天消失。结论：本手术暴露清楚，方法合理，能加快脓腔消失，缩短病程。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.