经尿道前列腺电切术与绿激光前列腺汽化术术后尿道狭窄发生率比较研究

目的比较经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)与经尿道选择性绿激光汽化术(PVP)术后尿道狭窄发生率。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2012年3月由同一组医师连续实施的215例TURP术与237例PVP术,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置尿管时间、术后尿路感染发生率,比较2组患者术后尿道狭窄发生率的差异。结果 TURP组手术时间及留置尿管时间长于PVP组,术中出血量多于PVP组,尿路感染发生率、术后尿道狭窄发生率高于PVP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论TURP术后尿道狭窄的发生率高于PVP,应借鉴PVP改进TURP,以降低TURP术后尿道狭窄的发生率。     

复合球囊前列腺扩张术治疗前列腺增生的实验研究

目的通过动物实验阐明复合球囊前列腺扩张术（TUDP）治疗前列腺增生的有效机制并观察其安全性。方法10只老年雄犬随机分为扩张组和对照组,扩张组采用改造后的球囊扩张膜部尿道、前列腺尿道和膀胱颈5min,然后减压至0．1mPa,使球囊不压迫膜部尿道,维持扩张时间30min,释放球囊压力,留置扩张管1周,术后1周行各项检查。对照组行假手术。两组在试验终点时行膀胱镜、膀胱压力测定、尿动力学、神经肌电点位测定和组织病理学检查。结果行TUDP后扩张组前列腺尿道直径明显增粗,无出血及尿外渗等严重并发症发生。尿动力学提示扩张前后膀胱排尿点压力无明显变化,尿道外括约肌无明显功能损伤。尿道外括约肌受损微小,保持了正常肌电特性和排尿功能。组织病理学证实扩张组前列腺包膜裂开,尿道扩张明显,扩张的前列腺内可见炎症反应、微小坏死、间质出血、平滑肌纤维变性。马森三色染色结果提示,前列腺尿道在扩张后胶原含量减少。站论动物实验证实应用复合球囊行TUDP术安全、可行,其机理可能是充分而适当的扩张使尿道明显变宽,前列腺组织炎性浸润、平滑肌纤维变性及胶原含量减少使其无法回缩,而周围组织填塞入裂开的前列腺包膜使裂开的腺体无法复位。     

The nature of high-pressure voiding in small boys and its relation with the influence of a transurethral catheter

AIMS: To disclose the nature of the high-pressure voiding observed in small boys and to determine the influence of a transurethral catheter on voiding urodynamic parameters and reproducibility of these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Video-urodynamic studies (V-UDSs) were repeated twice in a single session using two different sized, 18G (?1.15 mm) and 7.4Fr (?2.50 mm), catheters in 9 boys aged 7.3 months (2-17) and compared with the maximum voiding detrusor pressure (P(det max)) values. Separately, in 20 boys aged 8.9 (1-34) months, V-UDSs using an 18G catheter were repeated twice, and fluoroscopic images and UDS were continuously recorded during the whole voiding phase and analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the mean P(det max) measured by the 18G and 7.4Fr catheters (102.0 +/- 22.5 vs. 94.7 +/- 25.6 cmH(2)O, P = 0.42). Intermittent interruptions of the urinary stream due to detrusor-sphincter dyscoordination were observed in 92.5% (37/40) of voiding cycles. The true maximum voiding detrusor pressure (T-P(det max)), the maximum detrusor pressure recorded only when the urinary stream was actually detected, on the first and second voiding cycles were 86.9 +/- 30.3 and 89.0 +/- 31.7 cmH(2)O, respectively. The mean difference between P(det max) and T-P(det max) was 5.6 +/- 11.4 cmH(2)O. The minimum detrusor pressure during voiding (33.6 +/- 18.4 and 30.8 +/- 16.3 cmH(2)O), the opening detrusor pressure and the number of stream interruptions were reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: Small boys commonly void intermittently with a high detrusor pressure, which may be mainly due to detrusor-sphincter dyscoordination rather than the outflow obstruction caused by a transurethral catheter.     

Combined trans- and periurethral injections of bulking agents for the treatment of intrinsic sphincter deficiency

The purpose of this study was to compare Contigen combined with Durasphere to Contigen injections alone for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). Subjective and objective incontinence outcomes were compared at 2 weeks and 6 months. We compared rates of urinary retention and future incontinence surgery between groups. Thirty-three women underwent combined injections, and 51 underwent Contigen injections. Two weeks postoperatively, more women in the combined group were cured (72.7 vs. 39.2%, P = 0.003), but this difference diminished at 6 months (33.3 vs. 29.4%, P = 0.70). Retention was more common in the combined group (P = 0.002, odds ratio [OR] = 0.062 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.007, 0.52]). Twenty-three women in the Contigen and ten in the combined group underwent subsequent incontinence surgery (P = 0.17, OR = 2.03 [95% CI = 0.80, 5.1]). Combining Contigen and Durasphere injections to treat SUI with ISD does not improve outcomes compared to Contigen injections alone. This paper was presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, Las Vegas, Nevada, November 19–22, 2003.     

经尿道内括约肌切除术在神经源性膀胱患者中的应用及长期随访研究

目的:治疗神经源性膀胱的首要两大目的即保护上尿路功能,获得或保持最恰当的尿控能力,但目前缺乏完美的治疗方法.为评价经尿道内括约肌切除术在神经源性膀胱患者中的应用及长期效果,行本研究.方法:回顾性分析2010年6月-2019年6月在我院接受经尿道内括约肌切除术治疗的17例神经源性膀胱患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女8例,年...     

膀胱穿刺造瘘辅助行经尿道双极等离子前列腺电切术的临床观察

目的探讨膀胱造瘘辅助行经尿道双极等离子前列腺电切术治疗合并尿道狭窄的前列腺增生的效果。方法回顾性研究2011年5月~2016年4月本院诊治的438例前列腺增生症患者,其中有412例患者行经传统的尿道双极等离子前列腺电切术,26例合并尿道狭窄患者中。26例合并有尿道狭窄中19例采用膀胱穿刺造瘘辅助下经尿道双极等离子前列腺电切除治疗除,另7例由于严重尿道狭窄未实施手术治疗。将19例采用膀胱穿刺造瘘辅助下前列腺电切患者作为观察对象,另选择19例传统经尿道前列腺电切患者作为对照组,分析两组手术效果。结果观察组患者电切手术时间110.34±10.46 min,术中出血量80.34±6.12 m L,二者均高于传统的经尿道电切术,两组间差异有统计学意义。两组在切除前列腺组织、术后冲洗膀胱时间、术后膀胱残余尿量、前列腺症状评分方面的差异均没有统计学意义。结论经尿道等离子前列腺电切术联合膀胱穿刺造瘘术治疗合并尿道狭窄的前列腺增生患者的手术时间及术中出血量有所增加,但手术总体效果良好,并发症没有增加。     

Bulking agents for stress urinary incontinence: short-term results and complications in a randomized comparison of periurethral and transurethral injections

The purpose of our study was to compare the two standard routes of urethral bulking injection in a prospective randomized trial. Forty women with genuine stress incontinence (n=36), or mixed incontinence with a minor and controlled urge component (n=4), participated in a urethral bulking agent trial. All patients had a standardized preoperative evaluation which included history, physical examination, assignment of incontinence status on a Stamey grading scale, postvoid residual (PVR) determination, Valsalva leak-point pressure, maximal urethral closure pressure, functional urethral length, Q-tip excursion angle, quantitative pad test, and completion of a quality of life questionnaire. On the day of injection they were randomly assigned to a periurethral or transurethral route of injection based on a computer-generated block randomization scheme. An ultrasound-determined PVR was obtained on all patients after injection. If self-catheterization was necessary, and the PVR was >200 ml, urinary retention was diagnosed. Postoperative assessment included a patient interview, subjective assessment of improvement, PVR, voiding diary, and assignment of incontinence grade. At the screening visit there were no significant differences between the groups for any variables except type of stress incontinence. With short-term follow-up both transurethral and periurethral routes of injection seem to be equally efficacious. In the periurethral injection group there was a higher rate of postoperative retention; this group had a significantly higher volume of injectable agent used. There was no significant difference in risk of urinary tract infections between the two groups. We conclude that both periurethral and transurethral methods of bulking agent injection for stress urinary incontinence are equally efficacious, with minimal morbidity.Abbreviations FUL Functional urethral length - ISD Intrinsic sphincter deficiency - MUCP Maximum urethral closure pressure - PVR Postvoid residual - SUI Stress urinary incontinence - VLPP Valsalva leak-point pressureEditorial Comment: This pilot study is the first randomized controlled trial comparing the short-term efficacy of periurethral and transurethral injections. The poor 1-year success rates found in this study are disappointing if compared to other studies (showing up to a 70% success rate). In addition, owing to the small sample size and lack of power to find a statistical difference in efficacy rates, larger studies with longer follow-up periods are required.     

Impact of medical therapy on transurethral resection of the prostate: two decades of change

Study Type – Therapy (case series)
Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Over the last several decades, medical therapy has usurped transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as the standard first line therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The effect of this dramatic shift on the patients now presenting for TURP is generally unknown. Failure of medical therapy has now become one of the most important indications for TURP while those undergoing the procedure experience more progression events (e.g. acute or chronic urinary retention), poorer immediate short‐term results and higher rates of postoperative complications than those who had the operation two decades previously.

OBJECTIVE

? To examine how the introduction of medical therapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) might have changed the indications, patient characteristics and outcomes in men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) over two decades (1988–2008).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? All patients who underwent TURP for symptomatic BPH in a geographically defined area at our institution in 1988 (before the introduction of medical therapy for BPH), 1998 (when medical therapy was becoming an important therapy for BPH), and 2008 (when medical therapy was the primary first line therapy for BPH) were reviewed. ? We assessed the total number of TURPs, indications for surgery, patient age, health status, weight of resected tissue, and pre‐ and postoperative events/complications.

RESULTS

? There was a 60% decrease in TURPs from 1988 to 1998 with a moderate increase in number in 2008. ? Failure of medical therapy was not an indication for TURP in 1988, but was at least one of the indications in 36% and 87% of patients in 1998 and 2008, respectively. ? There was a substantial rise in the percentage of patients (but not total number or percentage of men at risk for BPH) presenting with acute or chronic urinary retention (AUR or CUR) at the time of their TURP (from 22.9% in 1988 to 42.9% in 2008, and from 14.6% in 1988 to 39.3% in 2008 for AUR and CUR, respectively). There was also a rise in the percentage of patients presenting with preoperative hydronephrosis (1.3% in 1988, 12.5% in 1998, 7.1% in 2008). ? Inpatient stays decreased (from 4.1 day in 1988 to 2.7 days in 1998, and to 2.1 day in 2008), but the number of patients discharged with a catheter increased over the two decades (from 3.2% in 1988 to 12.5% in 1998, and to 28.6% in 2008).

CONCLUSIONS

? The increasing use of medical therapy as a first line treatment for BPH has resulted in a dramatic decrease in TURPs which, in turn, has been associated with an apparent increase in risk of poor pre‐ and postoperative outcomes. However, the actual number (either the total number or as a percentage of men at risk for BPH) who have experienced these progression events has not changed and the postoperative outcomes are probably related to earlier catheter removal and hospital discharge. ? It appears that we are performing TURP on the right patients.     

Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-delivery using perpendicular multi-needle injections to the skin: Evaluation of post-ejection cellular health and dermal delivery

AimMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-therapy is increasingly being evaluated in clinical trials. Dermal delivery is not only time consuming but also unreliable, potentially hampering the therapeutic result. Therefore, qualification of cell delivery protocols is essential. This study evaluated a clinically relevant automated multi-needle injection method for cutaneous MSC-therapy, allowing the skin to be readily and timely treated, by assessing both the cellular health post-ejection and dermal delivery.MethodsFollowing dispensation through the injector (31 G needles: 9- or 5-pin) the cellular health and potency (perceived- and long-term (12 h) viability, recovery, metabolism, adherence, proliferation and IDO1-expression) of adipose-derived stem cells (10–20–50 ×10⁶ cells/ml) were assessed in vitro in addition to dermal delivery of solution in human skin.ResultsNo significant detrimental effect on the perceived cell viability, recovery, metabolism, adherence or IDO1-expression of either cell concentration was observed. However, the overall long-term viability and proliferation decreased significantly regardless of cell concentration, nonetheless marginally. An injection depth above 1.0 mm resulted in all needles piercing the skin with dermal delivery from up to 89% needles and minimal reflux to the skin surface, and the results were confirmed by ultrasound and histology.ConclusionThe automated injector is capable of delivering dermal cell-doses with an acceptable cell quality.     

Outcomes in chest feminization patients with a history of illicit hormone use and silicone injections

Transfeminine patients facing barriers to gender confirming surgery sometimes pursue illicit feminization procedures such as “street” hormones and silicone injections. These procedures often yield complications and disfigurement, making surgeons and insurance companies wary of secondary breast reconstruction. This clinical series assesses illicit treatment among our transfeminine breast surgery patients and describes the presentation, surgical approaches, and outcomes of each patient. A retrospective review of transfeminine patients who underwent chest feminization surgery with a single provider between March 2018 and March 2020 identified patients with a history of illicit hormones or silicone injections. Demographics, comorbidities, preoperative diagnoses and symptoms, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Patients were contacted for a follow-up survey concerning outcomes and satisfaction. Of the 41 transfeminine patients reviewed, eight (19.5%) had previous illicit treatment. Seven (17.1%) used non-prescribed hormones, and three (7.3%) received silicone breast injections. Two patients presented with symptoms from silicone injections; the remaining were asymptomatic. Six patients underwent subglandular breast augmentation, one had a reduction mammoplasty, and one underwent an implant exchange. Only one patient had postoperative complications that healed without surgical intervention. This series emphasizes the need to assess the prevalence of silicone injections and illicit hormone use among transgender chest feminization patients. The use of these substances was relatively high in our population compared to national averages; however, there is a low risk of postoperative complications. Providers may perform breast surgery in patients with a history of illicit augmentation practices after careful evaluation and surgical planning.     

Successful treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the female urethra with combined radio- and chemotherapy

We report on two cases of women with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra. Patient 1 also displayed regional lymph node metastasis. Treatment comprised combined radiotherapy to 60 Gy and chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Complete response was obtained in both patients, including the inguinal lymph nodes of Patient 1. Patient 1 experienced recurrent inguinal lymph node metastasis on the contralateral side at 42 months after initial treatment, and the same treatment was performed followed by surgical excision. Both patients remain alive with no evidence of disease, at 12 months after recurrence in Patient 1, and at 27 months after treatment in Patient 2.