聚合酶链反应和杂交试验检测上海地区庚型肝炎病毒感染的初…

为探讨上海地区庚型肝炎病毒感染的现状，采用逆转录－套式－聚合酶链反应检测庚肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ／ＧＢＶ－Ｃ）核酸（ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ）。结果在各类患者和因员中ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率分别是；血液透析和肾移植为１５．７％，丙型肝炎为３．３％、乙型肝炎为０、散发性非Ａ－Ｅ型肝炎为０、义务因员为７．５％。提示ＨＧＶ杂多为无闰状或亚临床型，常与ＨＣＶ重叠感染，并与输血密切相关，作者肯定了上海地区存在庚型肝炎，指出筛选     

24例非甲—戊型肝炎患者血清庚肝病毒RNA检测结果分析

采用逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）技术对２４例非甲－戊（Ａ－Ｅ）型肝炎患者进行庚肝病毒ＲＮＡ（ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ）检测。结果：ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性６例（２５．０％），其中急性肝炎１例（１／９）、慢性肝炎２例（２／９）、肝为肝硬变３例（３／４）；１例有输血史，余５例均无输血或血浆史。提示庚肝病毒可能为非Ａ－Ｅ型肝炎的病原体之一，且存在输血外传播途径。     

庚型肝炎临床和病理特征

目的探讨庚型肝炎（ＨＧ）临床和病理特征。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测血清ＨＧＶＲＮＡ；用庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）ＮＳ５区抗原制备单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ），对２２例临床和／或病理确诊的急、慢性庚型肝炎进行肝脏免疫组化。结果ＨＧＶ感染的血清学模式以重叠ＨＢＶ，ＨＣＶ，ＨＡＶ或ＨＥＶ二重感染为主，占６３．６％（１４／２２），单独ＨＧＶ感染者占３６．４％（８／２２）；ＨＧＶ在肝脏内分布呈散在胞浆型。结论ＨＧＶ单独感染者临床多呈隐匿性发病，症状轻，慢性化程度高     

山东地区输血后丙肝患者HGV感染状况及HGV部分核酸序列测定

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法检测庚肝病毒（ＨＧＶ）ＲＮＡ,并对阳性扩增的产物采用ＰＣＲ片段直接克隆法测定。结果从８６例输血后丙型肝炎（ＰＴＨ－Ｃ）患者血清中检出ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性者３１例（３６．０％）,其中１例ＨＧＶＮＳ５区部分核苷酸序列与美国原始株和另１例日本株核苷酸同源性比较分别为８６．０％和８４．０％。证实山东地区ＰＴＨ－Ｃ２存在着ＨＧＶ感染和ＨＧＶ／ＨＣＶ混合感染,但是否存在不同亚型或ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性     

佛山市庚型肝炎病毒检测和部分基因序列分析

目的了解佛山庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染状况，分析ＨＧＶ非结构基因（ＮＳ）３区部分核苷酸序列。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测血清ＨＧＶＲＮＡ，对一例肝炎患者的ＨＧＶ（ＨＧＶＣ－ＦＳ）ＮＳ３区８１８ｂｐ片段作克隆及序列分析。结果８０例非甲－戊型肝炎患者和１０５例静脉吸毒者ＨＧＶＲＮＡ检出率分别为６．３％（５／８０）和２３．８％（２５／１０５），ＨＧＶＣ－ＦＳＮＳ３区片段核苷酸序列与ＨＧＶ－Ｕ４４４０２、Ｕ４５９６６、Ｕ３６３８０及ＨＧＶＣ９６４相同区段同源性为８５．５％、８５．６％、８８．０％、８９．２％。结论佛山存在ＨＧＶ感染，静脉吸毒者感染率较高，ＨＧＶ可能不是非甲－戊型肝炎主要致病因素。ＨＧＶＣ－ＦＳ与ＨＧＶＣ９６４同源性最高。     

原发性肝癌患者血清和肝组织中庚型肝炎病毒基因的PCR检测

用逆转录－聚合酶链反应法（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测了原发性肝癌（ＰＬＣ）患者血清及肝癌和癌旁肝组织中的庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）ＲＮＡ，以ＰＣＲ－双脱氧末端终止法测定了ＰＣＲ产物的核苷酸序列。结果显示，血清和肝组织中ＨＧＶＲＮＡ的检出率分别为１９．４％（１３／６７）和２５．７％（９／３５），且ＨＧＶＲＮＡ在肝癌组织呼吕旁肝组织中同时存在，血清和肝组织中ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ检测结果的符合率为８５％；５′非编码区（５     

血清抗-HBs阳性慢性肝病患者的病因研究

目的部分抗－ＨＢｓ阳性者仍有活动性肝病存在，其病因还不十分清楚．本研究旨在探讨血清抗ＨＢｓ阳性慢性肝病患者的病因．方法应用套式聚合酶链反应检测血清抗ＨＢｓ阳性慢性肝病患者血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ．患者３２例，男２５例，女７例，平均年龄４１７岁（２１岁～６３岁），其中慢性肝炎１８例，肝硬变１４例．９例慢性肝炎和５例肝硬变经肝活检证实，其余为临床诊断．结果血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ的检出率分别为６２５％（２０／３２）和２８１％（９／３２）；ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和（或）ＨＣＶＲＮＡ总检出率为８１３％（２６／３２）．结论血清抗ＨＢｓ阳性慢性肝病患者的病因多数与ＨＢＶ和（或）ＨＣＶ感染有关．     

庚型肝炎病毒感染的临床流行情况和致病力的探讨

目的：为了弄清肝病患者中庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）的临床感染情况和评估庚型肝炎病毒的致病力。方法：本文调查了２１３例肝病患者的ＨＧＶ感染情况和分析了ＨＧＶ感染的致病力。结果：在２１３例肝病患者中，ＨＧＶ的感染率为７５％（１６／２１３）；其中，ＨＧＶ与ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ以及ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ的合并感染分别是为７１％（９／１２７）、１８２％（２／１１）和２７８％（５／１８）。未发现ＨＢＶ合并ＨＧＶ感染和单独ＨＢＶ感染两组之间肝功能的损害程度存在差异。结论：以上结果提示，ＨＧＶ通常与胃肠外传播的ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ合并感染。而且，ＨＧＶ的致病力看来是温和的     

不同人群血清单项丙型肝炎病毒核心抗体存在状态

为调查不同人群血清单项丙型肝炎病毒核心抗体（抗－ＨＣＶｃ）存在状态，应用合成肽酶免疫分析筛选抗－ＨＣＶｃ，经重组免疫印迹和中和抑制试验鉴定。发现孕妇、供血员、慢性乙型肝炎、非甲非乙型肝炎、透析患者、原因不明肝硬化和输血后肝炎单项抗－ＨＣＶｃ阳性率分别为０．８％（１１／１４３６）、２．８％（１５／５４１）、３．１％（１５／４８４）、１３．６％（９／６６）、１１．５％（１０／８７）、２８．６％（４／１４）和３０％（３／１０）。单项抗－ＨＣＶ阳性的孕妇和供血员血清仅２６．７％～２７．３％检出ＨＣＶＲＮＡ，透析和各种肝病患者检出率高达５５．６％～１００％。８例单项抗－ＨＣＶｃ阳性肝炎患者病理检查显示不同程度的肝损害。结果提示：不同人群单项抗－ＨＣＶｃ阳性的意义有差别，检测ＨＣＶＲＮＡ对区别抗－ＨＣＶｃ存在属既往或现症感染十分重要。     

丙型肝炎病毒核酸定量分析的临床意义

目的探讨慢性丙型肝炎患者血清丙型肝炎病毒核酸（ＨＣＶＲＮＡ）与病情及治疗的关系。方法应用美国ＡｃｕＧｅｎ公司提供的定量ＰＣＲ试剂盒，通过荧光检测仪对５０例丙型肝炎患者的血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ作定量检测。结果５０例患者血清ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均值为（１０００５±３３１６）×１０７拷贝／Ｌ，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平与ＡＬＴ呈正相关（ｒ＝０６８６７，Ｐ＜００５）。有输血史的患者ＨＣＶＲＮＡ水平明显高于无输血史者。ＨＣＶＲＮＡ血清水平低者对ＩＦＮ－α反应较好。结论ＨＣＶＲＮＡ定量检测在一定程度上反映肝脏炎症活动度及肝损害程度，有助于指导抗病毒治疗。     

Prevalence of GBV-C/hepatitis G virus viremia and anti-E2 in Canadian blood donors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a recently recognized parenterally and sexually transmitted agent. The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV markers in Canadian blood donors has not been previously studied and was therefore determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood donors [identity unlinked (IU), short-term temporarily deferred (STTD) and autologous groups] and donor samples with antibodies to hepatitis C (anti-HCV) or hepatitis B core were tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA and for antibodies to E2 antigen (anti-E2). RESULTS: GBV-C/HGV RNA was found in 1.1% and anti-E2 in 7.3% of the combined IU/STTD donor group. Viremia was much more common in anti-HCV-positive samples (12.5%); anti-E2 was present in >50% of this group. In the STTD group, female gender was significantly associated with viremia. CONCLUSION: GBV-C/HGV infection is relatively common in Canadian donors, and a small proportion are viremic. The association of female gender and viremia was unexpected. Further study is needed to clarify the epidemiology and natural history of GBV-C/HGV infection.     

GB virus C/Hepatitis G virus infection is frequent in American children and young adults.

The novel flavivirus GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) has been detected in approximately 2% of blood donors in the United States, and neutralizing antibody to the envelope protein (E2), a marker of previous infection with GBV-C/HGV, is present in approximately 9% of donors. The rate of GBV-C/HGV infection among American children is unknown. To determine whether viral infection might occur during childhood, 160 serum specimens (obtained from blood bank samples) from children and young adults with no history of transfusion were tested. Viral RNA and antibody to E2 were detected in 6.3% and 9.4% of subjects, respectively. Evidence of previous or current infection (viremia and/or antibody to E2) was detected in 13.8% of subjects, indicating that GBV-C/HGV infection appears to be common among American children and young adults, even in the absence of blood transfusion.     

Prevalence of hepatitis G virus RNA in a monocentric population of French haemophiliacs

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) and hepatitis GB virus (GBV-C) have been reported as possible causes of non-A–E transfusional hepatitis. To assess the prevalence of hepatitis G virus infection in haemophiliacs we retrospectively investigated the presence of viral RNA in 92 patients with and without HCV infection. HGV/GBV-C RNA was reverse transcribed and amplified with primers from the 5' non-coding region of the genome. RNA was detected in 16/92 patients (17.4%). Restriction enzyme analysis revealed that the 16 patients belonged to the HGV-like genotype. Serology with E2-specific antibodies demonstrated that HGV viraemia underestimates previous infection by HGV. 33 patients were positive for HGV; all but two have cleared HGV RNA. 47/92 patients had a marker of prior infection by HGV.
No difference between HGV RNA positive and negative patients was observed concerning age, diagnosis, HIV and HCV status. Previous HBV infection correlated with the frequency of HGV infection. There was no difference in alanine aminotransferase levels between HGV positive and negative patients. All 18 patients exposed to only virally inactivated plasma-derived concentrates were negative for both HGV RNA and anti E2 antibodies.
Prior exposure to untreated concentrates correlated with HGV viraemia ( P =0.03), HGV seropositivity ( P =0.0002), and markers of HGV infection ( P <0.0001).
In haemophiliacs with a past exposure to non-inactivated concentrates, persistence of HCV RNA (53/74 patients) was more frequent than HGV RNA persistence (16/74 patients) although HGV viraemia is more frequent than HCV viraemia in blood donors. This may be related to a greater ability of individuals to clear HGV infection and suggests that hepatitis G virus infection in multi-transfused patients has a better outcome than infection with other blood-borne viruses.     

A case-control study of transmission routes for GB virus C/hepatitis G virus in Swedish blood donors lacking markers for hepatitis C virus infection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The transmission routes for GB virus-C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) in blood donors unexposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unknown. We performed a case-control study of risk factors for GBV-C/HGV exposure in blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After testing stored sera from 458 HCV-negative blood donors for GBV-C/HGV RNA and GBV-C/HGV E2 antibodies, 66 donors with GBV-C/HGV markers and 125 age- and gender-matched controls were interviewed regarding risk factors for viral transmission. RESULTS: Exposure to GBV-C/HGV was strongly associated with previous treatment for a sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio [OR] 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-9.8), with multiple sexual partners (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-5.7) and with a past history of endoscopy (OR 7.0; 95% CI 3.0-16.4). CONCLUSIONS: In blood donors with GBV-C/HGV markers, sexual contacts and medical procedures appear to be the main transmission routes.     

Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Screened Chinese Blood Donors

Background and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the recently identified hepatitis G virus (HGV)/GBV-C in screened Chinese paid blood donors. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-nine plasma samples were tested for HGV RNA by RT-PCR with nested primers from the 5'-noncoding region of GBV-C. All samples were obtained from plasma or blood bags that had been screened twice by routine selection tests (ALT, HBsAg, Anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and syphilis) and were available for clinical use. Results: HGV RNA was detected in 2 (4%) of 50 paid plasma donors from the Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, 1 (2%) of 50 paid blood donors from Taiyuan, and 9 (5%) of 179 paid blood donors from Hebei, a total HGV detection rate of 4.3% (12/279). Conclusions: Our data suggest that HGV infection is relatively frequent even in screened donors, at least in paid screened donors, although larger-scale studies are required.     

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of SEN Virus Infection Among Volunteer Blood Donors in Southern Taiwan

Of the eight different isolates of SEN virus (SENV), SENV-D and SENV-H have been suggested associated with transfusion-associated hepatitis. The prevalence and clinical significance of these two SENV strains among blood donors in southern Taiwan were investigated in this study. Sera of 223 blood donors who were negative for serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and third-generation HCV antibody (anti-HCV) from a blood center of southern Taiwan were tested for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) anti-envelope protein 2 (anti-E2) antibody and RNA, and SENV-D and -H DNA. Of the 223 donors, the prevalence of SENV-D and/or -H (SENV-D/H), SENV-D, SENV-H DNA, GBV-C/HGV RNA, and anti-E2 were 24.2, 19.7, 5.8, 2.2, and 8.5%. The donors with SENV-D DNA had a significantly higher mean age than those without (31.2 +/- 10.9 vs. 27.5 +/- 8.3 years; P = 0.014). No association between positive SENV DNA and gender, GBV-C/HGV exposure, mean ALT level, or abnormal ALT was found. Based on multiple logistic regression analysis, the increased age was the only independent factor associated with positive SENV-D DNA (odds ratio, 1.042; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.08). Nearly a fourth of blood donors in southern Taiwan were infected by SENV-D/H, with SENV-D more prevalent than SENV-H. Patients with higher ages have a higher prevalence of SENV-D. SENV-D or SENV-H infection was not associated with ALT levels.