美沙酮合并山茛菪碱、氯氮平治疗海洛因依赖128例

目的：短时间、小剂量美沙酮合并山莨菪碱、氯氮平的治疗，使海洛因依赖者快速脱毒，迅速控制戒断症状。方法：对128例用《阿片戒断症状评价量表》就其治疗中每天出现的戒断症状进行分级评定。结果：美沙酮合并山莨菪碱、氯氮平联合治疗后，不会出现剧烈的戒断症状，只有总计0．39％的Ⅲ级症状。结论：美沙酮递减同时递增氯氮平既提高了治疗效应，又减缓了戒断症状的自限性。而山莨菪碱使海洛因依赖者快速脱毒，有效地减低复吸率。     

美沙酮合并参附脱毒胶囊治疗海洛因依赖98例

目的:观察短时间美沙酮合并参附脱毒胶囊对迅速控制海洛因依赖者戒断症状、快速脱毒的疗效。方法:对98例治疗者用《阿片戒断症状评价量表》分级评定每天出现的戒断症状。结果:美沙酮合并参附脱毒胶囊联合治疗后,不会出现剧烈的戒断症状,只有总计0.32%的Ⅲ级症状。结论:美沙酮合并参附脱毒胶囊治疗,提高临床疗效,避免美沙酮的耐受性和成瘾性,减轻了不良反应。     

米氮平与苯二氮(艹卓)类药物合并美沙酮对海洛因脱毒的对照研究

目的:比较米氮平与苯二氮(艹卓)类药物合并美沙酮治疗对海洛因依赖者脱毒疗效.方法:比较了美沙酮合并米氮平组(37例)和美沙酮合并苯二氮(艹卓)类药物组(37例)在脱毒治疗后一周、治疗后二周戒断症状量表评分、HAMD焦虑量表评分及睡眠障碍的变化情况.结果:两组海洛因依赖者的戒断反应、焦虑症状在脱毒治疗后均显著减轻,米氮平合并美沙酮治疗比苯二氮(艹卓)类药物合并美沙酮治疗对戒断症状和焦虑减轻更明显,并明显改善入睡困难和睡眠浅.结论:米氮平合并美沙酮治疗和苯二氮(艹卓)类药物合并美沙酮治疗均可有效减轻海洛因依赖者的戒断症状,米氮平合并美沙酮的疗效更明显,并可明显改善睡眠障碍.     

米氮平与苯二氮革类药物合并美沙酮对海洛因脱毒的对照研究

目的：比较米氮平与苯二氮革类药物合并美沙酮治疗对海洛因依赖者脱毒疗效。方法：比较了美沙酮合并米氮平组(37例)和美沙酮合并苯二氮革类药物组(37例)在脱毒治疗后一周、治疗后二周戒断症状量表评分、HAMD焦虑量表评分及睡眠障碍的变化情况。结果：两组海洛因依赖者的戒断反应、焦虑症状在脱毒治疗后均显著减轻，米氮平合并美沙酮治疗比苯二氮革类药物合并美沙酮治疗对戒断症状和焦虑减轻更明显，并明显改善入睡困难和睡眠浅。结论：米氮平合并美沙酮治疗和苯二氮草类药物合并美沙酮治疗均可有效减轻海洛因依赖者的戒断症状，米氮平合并美沙酮的疗效更明显，并可明显改善睡眠障碍。     

糖皮质激素对美沙酮抑制海洛因依赖者戒断反应的影响

目的··:观察海洛因依赖者血浆 β—内啡肽、ACTH及皮质醇在治疗前后的变化 ,戒断反应与应激反应的关系 ,并探讨糖皮质激素对美沙酮抑制海洛因依赖者戒断反应的影响。方法··:对海洛因依赖者脱毒治疗前后戒断症状分值进行评分 ,治疗前后血浆β—内啡肽、ACTH及皮质醇进行放免测定。结果··:治疗前 ,血浆ACTH、皮质醇水平升高且超过正常值 ,ACTH与戒断评分呈正相关。使用脱毒药物治疗后 ,各组ACTH、皮质醇水平均呈下降趋势 ,且血浆皮质醇水平与戒断症状控制程度相关。1/3量美沙酮配伍强的松60mg·d -1,控制戒断症状的效果不仅优于单用1/3量美沙酮组(P<0.05) ,而且与全量美沙酮组疗效接近(P>0.05)。结论··:海洛因依赖者戒断反应伴有应激反应并与之呈正相关 ,糖皮质激素有协同美沙酮控制海洛因依赖者戒断症状的作用 ,可提高美沙酮的疗效 ,减少美沙酮的用量。     

美沙酮联合曲唑酮治疗海洛因依赖的临床研究

目的:观察美沙酮联合曲唑酮对海洛因依赖患者脱毒治疗的疗效及副反应.方法:海洛因依赖患者137例,随机分为两组:研究组(美沙酮联合曲唑酮)65例和对照组(单用美沙酮)72例.采用戒断症状评定量表、汉密顿焦虑评定量表(HAMA)和汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定患者的戒断反应、焦虑症状及睡眠障碍.结果:研究组在戒断反应、焦虑及睡眠障碍与对照组相比较,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05,或P＜0.01).两组副反应差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:美沙酮合并曲唑酮用于海洛因依赖者的脱毒治疗的疗效满意,副反应较少.     

阿米替林治疗海洛因依赖40例观察

目的:探讨阿米替林辅助美沙酮治疗海洛因依赖的临床疗效。方法:使用阿米替林对40例使用美沙酮的海洛因依赖者进行辅助治疗,剂量为150mg/d,疗程14天。采用自制的戒断症状量表评估疗效。结果:经阿米替林治疗后海洛因依赖者的戒断症状有明显的减轻。结论:阿米替林是一种良好的戒毒辅助用药,能有效缓解戒毒期间的戒断症状,提高了戒断者的依从性,因而增加了脱毒成功率,值得推广。     

曲唑酮合并美沙酮治疗海洛因依赖者临床对照研究

目的：观察曲唑酮合并美沙酮治疗海洛因依赖者的脱毒疗效、安全性和依从性。方法：随机抽取30例脱毒病人作为治疗组，接受曲唑酮合并美沙酮治疗，对照组病人与之相匹配30例，单一使用美沙酮，疗程共二周，使用戒断症状量表，HAMA，HAMD评定结果。结果：治疗组病人疗效对照组明显优越，副反应少，同时减少了美沙酮的剂量。结论：曲唑酮合并美沙酮治疗海洛因依赖者的疗效比单一使用美沙酮治疗优越，合并治疗副反应少，安全性好，值得临床推广。     

驱络宁合并小剂量美沙酮对海洛因依赖脱毒治疗

目的:观察中药驱络宁胶囊合并小剂量美沙酮对海洛因依赖脱毒治疗疗效.方法:将24例海洛因依赖者随机分为四组:美沙酮治疗组、驱络宁治疗组、小剂量美沙酮治疗组、驱络宁合并小剂量美沙酮治疗组.采用<阿片类药物依赖戒断症状量表>(OWS)评定疗效.结果:在治疗d 1～5,驱络宁治疗组、小剂量美沙酮组OWS总分分值较美沙酮治疗组高(P＜0.05);驱络宁合并小剂量美沙酮治疗组OWS总分分值与美沙酮治疗组比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).治疗d 6～10各治疗组分值平稳下降,各组间OWS总分分值差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:中药驱络宁胶囊合并小剂量美沙酮对海洛因依赖早期脱毒治疗效果与全量美沙酮治疗效果相似,可减少美沙酮用量.     

气溶胶生物电治疗海洛因依赖者30例

目的··:评价气溶胶生物电(aerosolbioelectricity,ABE)对海洛因依赖者戒断综合征的治疗作用。方法··:采用ABE联合美沙酮替代递减法治疗30例海洛因依赖者,并以30例单纯美沙酮脱毒者进行对照观察。结果··:ABE联合美沙酮脱毒效果较单纯美沙酮脱毒控制症状彻底、过程平稳,特别是纠正失眠、食欲差、周身疼痛以及焦虑症状效果明显(P<0.01)。结论··:ABE联合美沙酮脱毒效果优于单纯美沙酮。     

Oxazepam pharmacokinetics in patients with epilepsy treated long-term with phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbitone

The pharmacokinetics and serum protein binding of oxazepam, a drug mainly eliminated by a single step glucuronidation reaction, were studied in nine epileptic patients treated long-term with phenytoin or phenytoin with phenobarbitone, and in nine healthy control subjects. Oxazepam elimination half-life was shorter and apparent oral clearance higher in treated patients than in age and sex matched control subjects. Serum bilirubin concentration was lower in treated patients. There was no significant correlation between serum bilirubin concentrations and oxazepam elimination. Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration was higher in the treated patients than in the control group. Oxazepam was more than 93% bound to serum proteins, but the extent of binding was not significantly different between the two groups. These results show that oxazepam glucuronyl transferase activity is increased by treatment with phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbitone in epileptic patients.     

Therapy with macrolides in patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis affects 1/2500 individuals and is the most common lethal autosomal recessive disease in people of northern European descent. It is characterized by chronic infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and progressive deterioration of respiratory function. Much research has focused on the inflammatory component of the disease. Macrolide antibiotics are postulated to suppress inflammatory mediators and interfere with biofilm formation produced by P. aeruginosa. In vitro studies show promising results, and a limited number of human studies reported improvements in respiratory function with the drugs. Macrolide antibiotics are generally safe and well tolerated and may prove to be effective in patients with cystic fibrosis.     

拉氧头孢联合罗红霉素治疗支气管扩张症继发肺部感染疗效观察

目的观察拉氧头孢联合罗红霉素治疗支气管扩张症继发肺部感染的疗效和不良反应。方法选取38例支气管扩张症继发肺部感染的患者,对比拉氧头孢联合罗红霉素治疗前后的临床情况、炎症指标、肺通气功能参数、细菌学评价,分析其疗效和观察不良反应。结果在全部38例病人中,痊愈18例,显效8例,进步6例,无效6例,总有效率84.2%（32/38）,细菌清除率为82.4%,没有发现严重不良反应。结论拉氧头孢联合罗红霉素可以作为支气管扩张症继发肺部感染的治疗方案之一。     

Improvement in quality of life with omalizumab in patients with severe allergic asthma

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with severe persistent asthma experience daily symptoms and frequent serious exacerbations that contribute to a significant impairment of health-related quality of life (QoL).

Methods: A pooled analysis was completed of six controlled clinical trials that evaluated the effect of add-on omalizumab on asthma-related QoL in patients with severe persistent allergic (IgE-mediated) asthma. Asthma-related QoL was assessed at baseline and treatment endpoint using the well-validated Juniper Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Change from baseline in AQLQ total score was compared between treatments using analysis of covariance methods. The percentage of patients who achieved a clinically meaningful (≥ 0.5-point) improvement in AQLQ total score was compared using the Mantel–Haenszel Chi-square test.

Results: The pooled patient population comprised 2548 patients (omalizumab, n = 1342; control, n = 1206), of whom 96% had severe persistent asthma according to the GINA 2002 classification. Omalizumab produced significantly greater improvements in AQLQ total score vs the control group (mean increases of 1.01 and 0.61 points, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, significantly more omalizumab-treated patients achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in AQLQ total score than patients in the control group (66.3% vs 52.4%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Add-on therapy with omalizumab improves QoL to a significant and clinically meaningful level in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma.     

尼妥珠单抗联合化疗治疗30例晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的:回顾性分析尼妥珠单抗联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法:纳入中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2011年1月至2014年12月30例经病理组织学或细胞学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,其中腺癌19例、鳞状细胞癌8例、未知型3例。所有患者均接受尼妥珠单抗联合化疗的治疗,其中19例采用含铂类方案,11例采用非含铂类方案。尼妥珠单抗给药剂量为200 mg,静脉给药,每周1次。尼妥珠单抗联合化疗作为一线方案患者5例,二线方案9例,三线及以上方案16例。每治疗2个周期后按照实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST)1.1进行疗效评价;采用NCI-CTCAE3.0标准评价不良反应。结果:30例患者均完成了至少一次疗效评价,其中无完全缓解(CR),部分缓解(PR)5例,疾病稳定(SD)12例,病情进展(PD)13例;客观缓解率(ORR)为16.7%(5/30),疾病控制率(DCR)为56.7%(17/30),中位无进展生存时间(PFS)为89 d(74~104 d),中位总生存时间(OS)为307d(197~417 d)。进一步分析显示,腺癌患者中位OS显著长于鳞癌患者(327 d vs 185 d,P=0.008)。药物安全性评价结果显示尼妥珠单抗联合化疗的安全性良好。结论:尼妥珠单抗联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效确切,不良反应较轻,值得临床进一步研究。     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

Tenoxicam compared with diclofenac in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

A randomized study was performed on 24 patients with ankylosing spondylitis to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 20 mg tenoxicam daily with 50 mg diclofenac twice daily. There were 6 withdrawals from the group taking tenoxicam and 4 from the diclofenac group. Depression in 1 patient taking tenoxicam was the only significant adverse event. Both drugs were otherwise well tolerated. Tenoxicam and diclofenac were rated as good or excellent by 27% and 55% of patients, respectively. Global assessment, pain and duration of morning stiffness were improved with both drugs but this improvement was not statistically significant and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. This study confirms that tenoxicam is effective and well tolerated but larger numbers would be required to detect a small difference between groups.     

Controlled-release naproxen compared with isoxicam in patients with osteoarthritis

The therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of a new controlled-release 1000 mg tablet of naproxen (naproxen CR) were compared with 200 mg isoxicam in 100 out-patients with osteoarthritis. Medications were administered once daily for 4 weeks in a controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial. Patients were assessed for duration of stiffness, global pain, pain in the worst affected joint, night pain, pain on full passive movement, and pain on selected activity. No statistically significant differences were found between naproxen CR and isoxicam for any of the efficacy variables. Only 3 patients (2 with naproxen CR, 1 with isoxicam) reported adverse events, all mild to moderate; no patient withdrew from the study. At the conclusion of the study, patients and physician evaluated therapeutic response independently; both drugs provided steady improvement as judged by patients and physician. Both physician and patients evaluated naproxen CR as very good or good for 36 (72%) patients, and isoxicam as good or very good for 35 (73%) patients. Naproxen CR and isoxicam proved equally effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of osteoarthritis in this study.