老年高血压脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化和血管内皮功能变化

目的　评价老年高血压脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化和血管内皮功能的改变及其意义。方法　采用高分辨率超声对 39例无心脑血管并发症的老年高血压患者、37例老年高血压并脑梗死患者及 2 0例老年健康对照者 ,检测其颈动脉内膜中层厚度 (IMT)、内径 (r)、IMT/ r比值和肱动脉血流介导性扩张 (FMD)。结果　单纯高血压组和高血压并脑梗死组患者颈动脉 IMT及 IMT/ r比值与对照组比较增大 (P<0 .0 5) ,肱动脉血流介导性扩张下降 (P<0 .0 5) ,尤以高血压并脑梗死组改变更明显 ,两组之间比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5)。结论　老年高血压尤其并发脑梗死患者存在明显的颈动脉粥样硬化和血管内皮依赖性舒张功能受损 ,高分辨率超声检测颈动脉 IMT和肱动脉 FMD这两项指标对高血压脑梗死的预测有一定参考价值。     

冠心病患者冠状动脉病变血管数与高敏C反应蛋白、颈动脉斑块分级和内皮功能的相关性

目的探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉病变血管数与高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、内皮依赖血管舒张功能、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)和斑块积分的相关性。方法采用高分辨率血管超声法检测76例冠心病患者与30例非冠心病对照组肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)、颈动脉IMT及斑块积分;并检测患者血液中hsCRP水平,对冠心病患者进行冠状动脉造影,根据冠状动脉病变血管数将冠心病患者分为3组:单支病变组、双支病变组及三支病变组。结果冠心病患者的血浆hsCRP显著高于对照组,FMD在冠心病各亚组中明显降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);IMT在冠心病组中明显增厚,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);颈动脉斑块积分在冠心病各亚组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冠心病患者冠状动脉病变血管数与血浆hsCRP及斑块积分呈正相关,与FMD呈负相关。结论血浆hsCRP、FMD及颈动脉斑块积分的检测与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变支数相关。     

老年2型糖尿病患者内皮依赖性舒张功能及颈、股动脉粥样硬化的研究

目的探讨老年2型糖尿病患者内皮依赖性舒张功能及颈、股动脉粥样硬化的状况. 方法利用彩色多普勒超声检测30例无糖尿病健康老年人(对照组)、32例单纯2型糖尿病 (糖尿病1组) 及35例2型糖尿病并冠心病患者 (糖尿病2组) 肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能,颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及颈动脉、股动脉、腹主动脉斑块的发生状况. 结果糖尿病2组反应性充血所致肱动脉内径的舒张为(2.81±1.56)%, 较糖尿病1组(5.58±1.13)%下降,两组均较对照组(9.63±1.81)%下降(P<0.05).糖尿病2组颈总动脉IMT为(1.05±0.16) mm,较糖尿病1组(0.92±0.13)mm增高,两组均较对照组(0.78±0.07)mm增高(P<0.05).糖尿病各组颈动脉、股动脉、腹主动脉的斑块指数均较对照组增高(P<0.05). 结论糖尿病患者内皮依赖性舒张功能下降,易并发周围大血管粥样硬化性病变.     

普伐他汀对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的影响

目的 :评价普伐他汀对内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的影响。方法 :对 5 8例冠心病 (CHD)患者 (A组 )及 30例健康人 (B组 )采用高分辨血管外超声技术测定肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能及硝酸甘油介导的舒张功能。A组服普伐他汀 6个月后复查。结果 :A组肱动脉血流介导的舒张及硝酸甘油介导的舒张均低于B组 [分别为(2 .85± 2 .77) %∶(8.14± 3.6 5 ) %、(16 .6 8± 5 .71) %∶(2 4 .83± 6 .79) % ,均P <0 .0 1],A组治疗后较治疗前明显好转 [分别为 (6 .4 5± 3.82 ) %∶(2 .85± 2 .77) %、(2 2 .4 6± 6 .37) %∶(16 .6 8± 5 .71) % ,均 P <0 .0 1]。结论 :普伐他汀对CHD患者受损的内皮依赖性舒张功能有较好的治疗价值 ,与其非调脂作用有关     

老年人血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化

目的　观察老年人肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的变化。方法　采用无创性超声法检测 1 4 5例受试者血流介导性肱动脉舒张 (FMD ,内皮依赖性舒张功能 )和硝酸甘油介导性肱动脉舒张 (NMD ,非内皮依赖性舒张功能 )。结果　年龄 >60岁受试者FMD较≤ 60岁者明显降低 (5 65 %± 6 1 2 % ,3 33 %± 3 72 % ,P =0 0 0 7) ;冠心病者较非冠心病者FMD(2 98%± 3 65 % ,8 37%± 6 41 % ,P <0 0 0 1和NMD(1 6 61 %± 7 2 5% ,2 2 78%±8 82 % ,P <0 0 1 )均明显降低 ,>60岁冠心病患者FMD较≤ 60岁冠心病患者降低 (1 90 %± 2 1 9% ,4 1 7%± 4 49% ,P <0 0 1 ) ;多因素逐步回归分析显示FMD与年龄 (t=- 3 92 6,P <0 0 0 1 )呈负相关 ;在单纯冠心病者仍显示FMD与年龄成负相关 (t=- 3 2 4 9,P =0 0 0 2 )。结论　老年人内皮依赖性血管舒张功能受损 ,年龄可直接损害内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,即使在冠心病存在时亦然 ,加重冠心病患者受损的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。     

B超检测老年冠心病患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度和肱动脉舒张功能的变化

目的　观察老年冠心病患者的颈动脉内 中膜厚度 (IMTc)及高脂餐后肱动脉舒张功能的变化。　方法　采用高分辨超声检测技术观察老年冠心病患者 (30例 )、老年健康人 (2 2例 )及非老年健康人 (11例 )的IMTc及高脂餐前后肱动脉血流介导的血管舒张功能 (FMD)的变化。　结果　老年冠心病组的IMTc〔(1 13± 0 2 3)cm〕显著高于老年健康组〔(0 94± 0 2 0 )cm〕及非老年健康组〔(0 78± 0 14)cm〕 ,差异均有非常显著性 (均为P <0 0 1)。老年冠心病组的空腹FMD〔(3 4± 1 7) %〕显著低于老年健康组〔(5 3± 3 3) % ,P <0 0 5〕及非老年健康组〔(8 1± 3 9) % ,P <0 0 1〕。年龄与IMTc呈正相关 (r=0 44 4,P <0 0 5 ) ,与空腹FMD呈负相关 (r =- 0 6 5 0 ,P <0 0 0 1) ;高脂餐后 3组受试者的FMD显著减弱〔分别为 (0 6± 0 7) %、(2 6± 2 0 ) %及 (4 2± 2 8) % ;均为P <0 0 0 1〕 ,其中老年冠心病组的FMD下降程度〔ΔFMD % ,(76 7± 10 4) %〕显著高于老年健康组〔(5 4 1± 3 7) %〕及非老年健康组〔(5 0 8± 3 3) %〕 ,差异有显著性 (均为P <0 0 5 )。　结论　老年冠心病患者存在严重的颈动脉粥样硬化与血管舒张功能失调 ,高脂餐后血管舒张功能的进一步减弱 ,可能是诱发急性冠状动脉事     

颈动脉内-中膜厚度和肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能与冠心病的关系

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率、颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMTc)及肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能(FMD)与冠心病的关系。方法应用高分辨率超声检测112例患者的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、IMTc,同时检测肱动脉FMD,据造影结果将患者分为冠心病组79例与对照组33例,对冠状动脉病变程度进行Gensi-ni评分。结果冠心病组与对照组比较,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率、FMD及IMTc差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。直线相关分析表明,FMD与冠状动脉病变Gensini积分呈负相关,(r=-0.362,P<0.01),IMTc与冠状动脉病变Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.296,P<0.01)。结论联合应用无创高分辨率超声检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、IMTc及FMD可间接反映冠心病发生的可能性以及预测冠状动脉病变程度,而且方法简单、无创,为早期诊断冠心病提供了一种安全可靠的手段。     

高频体表超声检测急性冠状动脉综合征患者颈动脉结构及功能

应用高频体表超声观察急性冠状动脉综合征患者颈动脉结构及血管内皮功能的变化 ,探讨动脉粥样硬化结构和功能与急性冠状动脉综合征的关系。对 35例急性冠状动脉综合征患者检测了颈动脉粥样硬化斑块、内膜中膜厚度、肱动脉内皮功能的变化 ,并与 2 7例稳定型心绞痛及 31例正常对照组进行比较。结果发现 ,内膜中膜厚度和内皮依赖性血管舒张功能在急性冠状动脉综合征组 (分别为 0 .10± 0 .0 2和 3.98± 1.6 5 )和稳定型心绞痛组(分别为 0 .11± 0 .0 4和 4 .76± 2 .37)与对照组 (分别为 0 .0 7± 0 .0 1和 9.33± 3.4 7)有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,斑块积分和斑块指数在急性冠状动脉综合征组 (分别为 4 .0 6± 2 .2 1和 3.14± 1.97)与稳定型心绞痛组 (分别为 4 .17± 1.76和3.2 1± 1.88)间无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,急性冠状动脉综合征组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块以不稳定型为主。研究结果提示 ,外周血管超声检查可观察动脉粥样硬化病变 ,颈动脉结构及血管内皮功能与冠状动脉粥样硬化有关。     

代谢综合征患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与血管内皮功能的研究

目的探讨代谢综合征(MS)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及血管内皮功能的改变.方法选择MS患者(MS组)40例、健康对照组(NC组)36例,用彩超检测IMT、肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)及非内皮依赖性硝酸甘油介导的舒张功能(NID).结果 MS组IMT明显高于NC组(P＜0.01),FMD及NID低于NC组(P＜0.05),IMT与舒张压(SBP)、甘油三酯(TG)明显正相关,FMD与年龄、体重指数(BMI)、TG、SBP、收缩压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FBG)呈负相关.结论 MS患者存在较严重的颈动脉粥样硬化及血管内皮功能失调.     

肱动脉内皮功能与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系

目的探讨血管内皮功能失调与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法采用高分辨血管外超声法,检测49例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和33例具冠心病危险因素受试者(危险因素组)的肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)和颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMTc).结果冠心病组FMD、IMTc均与危险因素组相比存在着显著差异,P＜0.05～0.001.82例受试者的FMD与IMTc呈显著负相关(γ=-0.474,P＜0.001),但冠心病组患者的FMD与IMTc无显著相关性(γ=-0.213,P0.141).结论冠心病患者存在显著异常的肱动脉内皮功能与IMTc,但两者相关性不显著.     

高频超声评价颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的利用高频超声检测颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块形成情况,并与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的关系进行分析。方法应用ASPEN彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,对428例健康人(对照组)及89例冠心病患者(冠心病组)进行颈动脉IMT、斑块形成的检测。冠心病组患者以冠脉病变支数分为3个亚组。结果冠心病组患者颈动脉IMT为(1.19±0.14)mm,而对照组为(0.92±0.13)mm,(P<0.01);IMT增厚检出率及斑块形成检出率冠心病组为43.21%、74.65%,而对照组为14.49%、34.35%,(P<0.01)。1支冠脉病变组IMT为(1.00±0.014)mm,斑块形成检出率为42.86%;2支冠脉病变组IMT为(1.15±0.018)mm,斑块形成检出率为65.52%;3支及以上冠脉病变组IMT为(1.31±0.018)mm,斑块形成检出率为74.49%,(P<0.01)。结论颈动脉IMT增厚、斑块形成对冠心病具有预测价值;颈动脉IMT增厚、斑块形成与冠脉病变严重程度呈正相关。     

Peripheral Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Angina Pectoris and Normal Coronary Arteriograms

Objectives. We sought to determine endothelium-dependent vasodilator function in the brachial artery of patients with microvascular angina pectoris.Background. Previous studies suggest the presence of endothelial dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation in patients with microvascular angina pectoris. It is not known whether endothelial dysfunction in these patients is a generalized process or whether it is confined to the coronary microcirculation only.Methods. In 11 women (mean [±SD] age 60.1 ± 7.8 years) with microvascular angina (anginal pain, normal epicardial coronary arteries, positive exercise stress test), endothelium-dependent vasodilation was assessed in the brachial artery by measuring the change in brachial artery diameter in response to hyperemic flow. Results were compared with 11 age- and gender-matched patients with known three-vessel coronary artery disease and 11 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. In all subjects, the intima–media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery was also measured.Results. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was comparable in patients with microvascular angina and coronary artery disease (1.9 ± 2.5% vs. 3.3 ± 3.3%, p = NS) but was significantly lower in patients with microvascular angina than in healthy control subjects (1.9 ± 2.5% vs. 7.9 ± 3%, p < 0.05). IMT was significantly lower in patients with microvascular angina than in those with coronary artery disease (0.64 ± 0.08 vs. 1.0 ± 0.28 mm, p < 0.05) and was comparable between patients with microvascular angina pectoris and healthy control subjects (0.64 ± 0.08 vs. 0.56 ± 0.14 mm, p = NS). IMT ≥0.8 mm was observed in 1 of 11 patients with microvascular angina, 1 of 11 control subjects and 10 of 11 patients with coronary artery disease.Conclusions. These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction in microvascular angina is a generalized process that also involves the peripheral conduit arteries and is similar to that observed in atherosclerotic disease. IMT could be helpful in discriminating patients with microvascular angina and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.     

Usefulness of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery and/or the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in predicting coronary narrowing in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease.

It has been reported that flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), markers of atherosclerosis, are altered in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is still not known if the presence of CAD can be detected using these markers. We examined whether the presence of CAD can be detected by FMD of the brachial artery and/or IMT. Eighty-one patients who underwent coronary angiography for the first time were enrolled. In each patient, brachial artery diameter responses to FMD and the administration of nitroglycerin spray, and carotid IMT were measured using high-resolution ultrasound (10 MHz) before coronary angiography. CAD was defined as >50% stenosis of a major coronary artery. Fifty-six patients had CAD. FMD was lower and IMT was greater in patients with CAD (FMD, 2.9 +/- 0.2% vs 9.4 +/- 0.5%; IMT, 1.09 +/- 0.05 vs 0.79 +/- 0.04 mm, both p <0.0001). Nitroglycerin-induced dilation did not differ in the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis showed that FMD was the only predictor of the presence of CAD (p = 0.0026). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that a cutoff value for FMD for detecting the presence of CAD was 6%, with a sensitivity of 0.93 (52 of 56) and a specificity of 0.88 (22 of 25). These findings suggest that FMD but not IMT may be used to detect the presence of CAD in patients with suspected CAD.     

Morphologic rather than functional or mechanical sonographic parameters of the brachial artery are related to angiographically evident coronary atherosclerosis

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among coronary atherosclerosis and functional, morphologic, and mechanical parameters assessed noninvasively within the brachial artery (BA). BACKGROUND: Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the BA, intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery, and distensibility of the aorta have been correlated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: The BA was examined with high-resolution ultrasound (13 MHz) in 117 male patients, in whom coronary angiography was performed. Coronary artery disease (> or =30% diameter stenosis in > or =1 major branch) was found in 84 patients, and 33 patients had smooth coronary arteries (non-CAD). Wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) was calculated from resting diameter and IMT. RESULTS: The BA-WCSA (5.3 +/- 1.5 mm(2) vs. 4.4 +/- 1.4 mm(2), p = 0.002) and IMT (0.37 +/- 0.07 mm vs. 0.31 +/- 0.07 mm, p < 0.001) were significantly greater in patients with CAD compared with non-CAD patients. Flow-mediated vasodilation and distensibility were similar among groups. Using logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, positive family history, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, FMD, and distensibility, only WCSA (p < 0.01) and IMT (p < 0.001) correlated independently with the presence of CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic but not functional and mechanical parameters of the BA are associated with the presence of CAD. Among BA sonographic parameters, IMT and WCSA seem to be the most accurate ones for the estimation of coronary atherosclerotic risk.     

Interrelationship between non-invasive measurements of atherosclerosis: flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery, carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) have been shown to be good surrogate markers of clinical atherosclerosis. We determined the interrelation between these measurements, and examined whether their combination would be of clinical significance. One hundred and thirty-five consecutive subjects (79 women/56 men) were enrolled, including 110 patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis, and 33 patients with atherosclerotic disease such as coronary heart disease, stroke or arteriosclerosis obliterans. IMT and plaque formation of the carotid artery and FMD of the brachial artery were assessed using ultrasonography. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured using an automated device (form ABI/PWV, Colin). Age, FMD, IMT and PWV were significantly correlated with each other. Multivariate analysis revealed an independent correlation between the parameters except for FMD, and all four parameters were independently correlated with each other in subjects <70 years. Next, we classified the subjects by tertile according to the values of FMD, IMT and PWV. Each of the worst tertiles was associated with a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic disease and carotid plaques compared to the other tertiles. Moreover, subjects with the worst tertiles of all three measurements had a markedly higher prevalence of atherosclerotic disease and carotid plaques. These results suggest that FMD, IMT and PWV are related to each other, but the combination of these measurements will be of stronger clinical relevance.     

The role of ultrasonography of the peripheral arteries in diagnosing coronary artery disease

Atherosclerosis develops simultaneously in multiple arterial beds, that creates opportunity to diagnose of coronary artery disease. Aim of the study was the evaluation of association between atherosclerotic involvement of peripheral arteries assessed by ultrasound and significant coronary artery disease revealed by angiography. Study included 410 patients, (73% males), mean age 56.0 +/- 9.5 year scheduled for coronary angiography. During ultrasound examination of common carotid and common femoral arteries arterial wall intima-media (IMT) thickness and atherosclerotic plaques presence were assessed. Significant coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed with coronary angiography as diameter stenosis > 50%. Intimo-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries did not differ between groups with and without significant coronary artery disease (right 6.6 vs 6.4 mm, p = ns, left 6.9 vs 6.6 mm, p = ns) but in common femoral arterial was greater in patients with coronary artery disease (right 8.2 vs 7.1 mm, p < 0.005, left 7.9 vs 7.1 mm, p = 0.03). Atherosclerotic plaques in carotid and femoral arteries was detected more often in CAD patients (90.1% vs 34.6%, p < 0.0001). Positive predictive value for CAD diagnosis with detection of plaque in carotid or femoral artery was 93% and negative prognostic value for exclusion CAD after plaque exclusion in all arteries was 61%. Search for atherosclerotic plaques in ultrasound examination of peripheral arteries may facilitate CAD diagnosis in selected patients groups.     

Comparison of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with stable angina pectoris versus patients with acute coronary syndrome

In this study, we found that carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was significantly increased and carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques were detected more frequently in patients who had early-onset coronary artery disease compared with control subjects (0.73 +/- 0.10 vs 0.60 +/- 0.10 mm, p <0.001, and 40% vs 11%, p <0.001, respectively). Further, patients who had coronary artery disease and presented with an acute coronary syndrome were found to have significantly increased carotid IMT compared with patients who had stable angina pectoris (0.76 +/- 0.10 vs 0.70 +/- 0.10 mm, p <0.05). The IMT was greater in the patients who had acute coronary syndrome than in those who had stable angina pectoris.     

锡伯族和汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化及冠状动脉病变对比分析

目的 对比分析锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化及冠状动脉病变情况.方法 对经冠状动脉造影明确的48例锡伯族、57例汉族冠心病患者和50例正常对照者均行颈动脉超声检查,比较各组间颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、斑块的发生率及冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分.结果 锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者内膜中膜厚度及颈动脉斑块的发生率均高于正常对照者(1.1±0.3 mm和1.0±0.1 mm比0.6±0.2 mm、88.3%和77.2%比38.0%,P<0.05),但锡伯族与汉族间比较没有统计学差异(P>0.05);锡伯族患者冠状动脉病变支数少于汉族(1.82±0.24比2.54±0.31, P<0.05),冠状动脉病变的Gensini积分也明显低于汉族(8.23±1.35比15.84±2.68,P<0.05),且冠状动脉病变支数越多,锡伯族、汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度越重.结论 锡伯族和汉族冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化情况均重于正常对照者,但锡伯族和汉族间比较没有统计学意义;锡伯族和汉族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变存在差异,且锡伯族冠心病患者冠状动脉病变严重程度低于汉族;通过颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的程度可预测冠状动脉病变的存在及严重程度.     

Type IIb von Willebrand disease: role of qualitative defects in atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether a hereditary bleeding tendency, such as von Willebrand disease (vWD) type IIB, protects against the onset of atherosclerosis. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with vWD type IIB and 24 healthy controls, matched for common atherosclerotic risk factors. All patients were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound of the common carotid, carotid bifurcation, common femoral artery, brachial artery, and abdominal aorta, investigating intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of plaques in each arterial district. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was used to test endothelial function. RESULTS: vWD type IIB patients presented no significant difference in IMT in any arterial district. FMD showed no differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative clotting defect characteristic of vWD type IIB does not seem to protect against atherosclerosis.