持续被动活动在微波诱导高温原位灭活治疗膝关节周围骨肿瘤术后关节功能康复中的意义

目的：探讨持续被动活动（CPM）在微波诱导高温原位灭活保肢手术治疗膝关节周围恶性或侵袭性骨肿瘤术后关节功能康复中的意义。方法：微波诱导高温原位灭活保肢手术治疗膝关节周围恶性或侵袭性骨肿瘤，灭活处骨缺损应用脱钙骨基质颗粒加骨水泥修复，局部用钢板或异体皮质骨板内固定，不用外固定。将75例患者随机分为A、B两组。A组40例，术后24h开始使用CPM对患肢进行持续被动功能锻炼，连续3周。B组35例术后进行常规功能锻炼。结果：75例均获随访，平均随访时间13个月，骨缺损处无骨折和骨不连，内固定良好。至3个月时，A组膝关节活动度110&;#176;－160&;#176;，平均141&;#176;，B组膝关节活动度90&;#176;－140&;#176;，平均126&;#176;，统计学差异有显著性意义，P＜0．01。结论：微波诱导高温原位灭活治疗膝关节周围骨肿瘤保持手术，能最大程度地保留膝关节功能，术后CPM能进一步改善膝关节的活动度。     

循环降温系统在微波高温原位灭活治疗肢体恶性骨肿瘤术中的应用

插入式微波天线阵列诱导高温原位灭活治疗肢体恶性或侵袭性骨肿瘤,将常用的"截除加重建"的保肢模式改为"原位分离加灭活"的保肢模式[1-3].其核心为"原位分离、原位灭活".     

微波灭活保肢手术治疗下肢骨肿瘤的康复护理

目的 探讨微波诱导高温原位灭活保肢手术治疗下肢骨肿瘤的护理方法，促进术后康复。方法 对58例接受微波诱导高温原位灭活保肢手术的下肢骨肿瘤患术前、术后给予心理护理，术后指导功能锻炼和免负荷支架的应用。结果 58例患接受手术治疗并获平均1年2个月的随访，术后无褥疮、肺部感染、静脉栓塞和关节僵直等并发症的发生。结论 微波诱导高温原位灭活保肢手术治疗后，免负荷支架的应用有利于患早期负重活动，减少并发症，最大程度保留患肢功能     

循环降温系统在微波高温原位灭活治疗肢体恶性骨肿瘤术中的应用

插入式微波天线阵列诱导高温原位灭活治疗肢体恶性或侵袭性骨肿瘤，将常用的“截除加重建”的保肢模式改为“原位分离加灭活”的保肢模式。其核心为“原位分离、原位灭活”。“原位灭活”即在术中将瘤段骨与周围正常组织原位分离后，均匀地在荷瘤骨段及肿块内，按设定拟灭活范围插入6根～12根微波天线，以2450MHz、额定最大输出功率800W的微波能量通过微波天线输入荷瘤骨段及肿块内，持续作用30min，此时肿瘤表面温度将达到50℃，肿瘤中心温度最高可达到108℃。为保证正常组织免受热损伤，我院研制并应用循环降温系统于手术中。现介绍如下。     

持续被动运动对膝关节镜术后关节功能的影响

目的观察早期持续被动运动对膝关节镜术后关节功能的影响. 方法将53例行膝关节镜手术的患者随机分成两组,其中对照组25例,术后未作持续被动运动(CPM);CPM组28例,在手术24 h后即行CPM锻炼, 分别记录入院时、出院时、术后3个月时两组患者关节活动度和膝关节功能综合评分. 结果出院时膝关节活动度对照组屈(69.40±15.17)°,伸(-4.32±4.71)°;CPM组屈(90.64±16.57)°,伸(-0.71±3.78)°.膝关节功能评分对照组(11.24±1.42)分,CPM组(8.89±1.84)分.出院时关节活动范围达90°者, 对照组6例(24%),CPM组21例(75%). 结论早期作CPM能明显提高膝关节镜术后效果,能增加膝关节活动度、改善膝关节功能、缩短住院时间,但远期效果还需进一步深入研究.     

创伤性膝关节僵硬患者粘连松解术后的康复护理

目的 加强创伤性膝关节粘连松解围手术科学的康复护理,增加肌力及加大关节活动度锻炼, 防止术中松解后关节活动度再度丢失,以获得最佳治疗效果。方法 通过手术松解膝关节周围粘连组织,围手术期运用心理护理、CPM锻炼、主被动功能锻炼、止痛等手段指导患者进行科学的功能康复。结果 术前膝关节活动度为10～60°,平均38±8.2°,术后随访时活动度为89~135°,平均112±5.4°,手术前后增加74°。所有患者术后无伤口坏死、骨折等并发症。结论 科学而系统的康复护理,在创伤性膝关节僵硬患者粘连松解围手术期具有重要意义,在护理过程中应给予高度重视。     

微波灭活保肢手术后下肢功能训练与免负荷支架下功能训练指导体会

微波诱导高温原位灭活保肢技术是目前国内外治疗肢体恶性或侵袭性骨肿瘤理想的手术方法,且已取得满意的临床效果犤１－２犦,对微波灭活后遗留的骨缺损修复也进行了有益的探索犤３犦,并最大限度地保留了肢体的功能犤２犦。该技术的开展给相关的临床康复护理提出了一个崭新的课题,本文拟对此进行探讨。１对象与方法１．１对象１９９９年３月～２００１年６月,５８例下肢恶性或侵袭性骨肿瘤患者,男３１例,女２７例。年龄１１～５６岁,平均２５．８岁。骨肉瘤患者４５例,其中股骨下端２７例,胫骨上端１８例。骨巨细胞瘤患者１３例,其…     

旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换治疗胫骨近端侵袭性骨肿瘤的护理

目的探讨旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换治疗胫骨近端侵袭性骨肿瘤的围手术期护理及临床效果。方法对29例胫骨近端肿瘤进行广泛切除或根治性切除后,采用旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换重建,术前施行心理护理,术后做好并发症的预防、功能锻炼,并对术侧膝关节进行定期随访。结果29例患者平均随访4.2a,7例出现复发,复发率24.13%;3例出现并发症,并发症发生率10.34%;膝关节平均屈曲96°,伸直可达180°。结论对胫骨近端侵袭性骨肿瘤采用旋转铰链型膝关节置换治疗是有效的保肢方法,而围手术期护理在保证手术成功、膝关节功能恢复中起着重要的作用。     

人工膝关节置换术后连续被动活动对关节功能的影响

目的观察连续被动活动(CPM)对人工膝关节置换术后膝关节功能的恢复情况,进行临床对照研究评估连续被动活动在全膝置换术后康复中的作用。方法将本院行首次全膝置换的44例患者以单纯随机抽签方法分成两组,23例术后除行物理康复治疗外辅助应用CPM康复治疗,21例患者仅行物理康复治疗。对所有患者进行术后随访,记录术后第7,10,14天,6周,6个月及1年时的关节活动范围(ROM)。结果与未应用CPM组相比,应用CPM组患者平均膝关节活动度在术后7,10,14d,6周,3,6个月及1年时分别多19°,15°,10°,8°,8°,2°和5°(t=4.763,3.621,3.529,2.614,2.507,2.178,2.117,P<0.05)。结论CPM有助于全膝置换患者术后较早恢复膝关节活动度。     

多灶性骨肉瘤行微波高温灭活保肢术的围手术期护理

目的探讨多灶性骨肉瘤保肢手术的护理。方法对15例接受微波诱导高温原位灭活的多灶性骨肉瘤患者术前术后给予心理护理,术后指导功能锻炼。结果15例患者均接受手术治疗,术后无压疮、肺部感染、静脉栓塞和关节僵直等并发症的发生。结论微波诱导高温原位灭活手术后,正确的护理和功能锻炼,减少了并发症,最大限度地保留肢体的功能,提高了患者的生活质量,增强了患者战胜疾病的信心。     

The role of knee joint moments and knee impairments on self-reported knee pain during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis

BackgroundThe association between high mechanical knee joint loading during gait with onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis has been extensively studied. However, less attention has been given to risk factors related to increased pain during gait. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knee joint moments and clinical characteristics that may be associated with gait-related knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsSixty-seven participants with knee osteoarthritis were stratified into three groups of no pain (n = 18), mild pain (n = 27), or moderate/severe pain (n = 22) based on their self-reported symptoms during gait. All participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Quadriceps strength, knee extension range of motion, radiographic knee alignment and self-reported measures of global pain and function were also quantified.FindingsThe moderate/severe pain group demonstrated worse global pain (P < 0.01) and physical function scores (P < 0.01) compared to the no pain and the mild pain groups. The moderate/severe pain group also walked with greater knee flexion moments during the midstance phase of gait compared to the no pain group (P = 0.02). Additionally, the moderate/severe pain group demonstrated greater varus knee malalignment (P = 0.009), which was associated with higher weight acceptance peak knee adduction moments (P = 0.003) and worse global pain (P = 0.003) and physical function scores (P = 0.006).InterpretationGreater knee flexion moment is present during the midstance phase of gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis and moderate/severe pain during gait. Additionally, greater varus malalignment may be a sign of increased global knee joint dysfunction that can influence many activities of daily living beyond gait.     

全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形

背景：膝关节外翻畸形临床相对较少,人工膝关节置换的治疗效果不如膝关节内翻畸形。对于置换入路、软组织松解方法步骤及假体选择目前均无统一看法。目的：总结病例资料,观察全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析甘肃省中医院关节骨一科同一组医师在2010年1月至2012年12月采用全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形患者37例（42膝）的临床资料,其中男11例,13个膝关节;女26例,29个膝关节。年龄56-78岁,平均63．7岁。对比分析患者置换前后膝关节活动范围、股胫角及美国特种外科医院膝关节评分的差异,评估全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形的临床效果。结果与结论：置换后随访6-36个月。患者膝关节活动范围由置换前平均68．5°提高到置换后末次随访时平均108．5°,置换前股胫角平均16．82°。减少到置换后末次随访时平均5．62°,置换前美国特种外科医院膝关节评分平均39分提高到置换后末次随访时88分,末次随访时与置换前比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。提示全膝关节置换治疗膝关节外翻畸形疗效肯定,是改善畸形的有效手段。     

Effect of resisted knee flexion on knee extension torque

We tested the principle of "reversal of antagonists" by measuring the effect of resisted knee flexion on subsequent peak knee extension torque at velocities of 60 degrees/sec and 120 degrees/sec using an isokinetic dynamometer. We determined peak knee extension torques from torque curves produced during knee extension that was performed reciprocally with either passive or maximum voluntary resisted knee flexion. We used a crossover design so that all 18 healthy adult subjects performed knee extension reciprocally with both passive and resisted knee flexion. Paired means t tests revealed no statistically significant difference between the peak knee extension torques produced under the two knee flexion conditions either at 60 degrees/sec or 120 degrees/sec. We, therefore, concluded that resisted knee flexion does not augment peak knee extension torque under our conditions of testing. The concept of reversal of antagonists was not supported. Antagonistic muscle functioning, therefore, may be irrelevant to agonist isokinetic testing and training in neurologically healthy persons.     

髌旁外侧人路进行外翻膝人工全膝关节置换术的探讨

目的 探讨应用外侧入路进行外翻膝全膝关节置换术的疗效.方法 2008年12月至2011年3月,对10例(12膝)外翻膝畸形患者施行了全膝关节置换术.女3例,男3例,平均年龄71.4岁(61~77岁).所有患者均采用膝关节外侧人路,将外侧支持带进行冠状面"Z"字成形,分步骤按照拉花技术进行髂胫束止点、后外侧关节囊、外侧副韧带等松解以获得屈、伸间隙的软组织平衡,假体就位后错位缝合外侧支持带的浅、深层.术后3、6、12个月及之后每年门诊随访,应用HSS评分对膝关节功能进行评价.结果 所有病例均应用后稳定型假体(G2,施乐辉公司,美国),全部患者的外翻畸形均获得矫正,下肢力线由术前平均外翻18.4°(15°~24°)恢复至平均外翻6.8°(4°~9°).所有病例获得随访,平均12.4个月(3~24个月).至最后随访时,HSS评分由术前的平均42.4分(35~58分)恢复到平均86.4分(76~95分).结论 膝关节外侧入路能很好地显露外翻膝的外侧挛缩结构,有利于对挛缩结构进行准确的松解,外侧支持带的"z"字成型方法有效地解决了髌骨的松解和假体软组织覆盖的矛盾,是中、重度外翻膝进行膝关节置换的良好入路.     

膝关节置换治疗膝内翻畸形的力学分析

人工全膝置换治疗膝内翻畸形已成为膝内翻畸形外科治疗的主要方式之一,但膝关节内翻畸形的患者行人工全膝关节置换的难度较大,尤其是在软组织生物力学方面的争议较多.为更好地评估人工全膝置换治疗膝内翻畸形的生物力学性能,文章应用计算机检索PubMed数据库检索2006/2008关丁膝关节置换治疗膝内翻方面的文章,检索词"TKA,Varvs knee",对资料进行初审.选取符合实验要求的有关文章进行总结分析.结果显示对于严重的膝内外翻畸形和屈曲畸形的患者,软组织松解平衡应有计划、分步骤地进行,每完成一步都要进行测量,要做到既纠正到位,又不可过度纠正造成关节继发不稳定.股骨、胫骨要求对线准确,保证假体置入后股骨头中心、膝关节中心和踝关节中心位于一直线.同时又回顾性分析了2000-01/2006-07河南省南阳市骨科医院膝内翻畸形骨关节炎患者人工全膝置换后43例患者的临床结果,并采用KSS评分对临床结果进行评估,其中5例失访,38例46膝获完整随访,平均随访5年.术前至最后1次随访,均膝关节功能评分27(12～55)分/77(56～98)分:92%的患者膝关节活动度超过90°多数病例术后膝关节力线正常,4例残留5°～10°内翻畸形.     

Comparison of peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse in distinguishing between severities of knee osteoarthritis

Background

The peak knee adduction moment is a valid proxy for medial knee joint loading. However as it only measures load at one instance of stance, knee adduction moment impulse, a measure that takes into account both the magnitude and duration of the stance phase, may provide more comprehensive information. This study directly compared the abilities of peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse to distinguish between knee osteoarthritis severities.

Methods

169 participants with medial knee osteoarthritis completed radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index to assess pain and a three-dimensional gait analysis. Participants were classified using four dichotomous classifications: Kellgren–Lawrence grading, alignment, medial tibiofemoral bone marrow lesions, and pain.

Findings

When using Kellgren–Lawrence grade and alignment classifications, the area under the receiver operator curves were significantly greater for knee adduction moment impulse than for peak knee adduction moment. Based on analysis of covariance, knee adduction moment impulse was significantly different between Kellgren–Lawrence grade and alignment groups while peak knee adduction moment was not significantly different. Both peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse distinguished between bone marrow lesion severities while neither measure was significantly different between pain severity groups.

Interpretations

Findings suggest knee adduction moment impulse is more sensitive at distinguishing between disease severities and may provide more comprehensive information on medial knee joint loading. Future studies investigating biomechanics of knee osteoarthritis should include knee adduction moment impulse in conjunction with peak knee adduction moment.