家庭刺激质量对6—8个月婴儿智力发展的影响

本文采用ＨＯＭＥ家庭环境量表及贝利婴儿发展量表为工具，对２１１名６－８月龄的正常婴儿进行了研究，以探讨家庭刺激质量对儿童智力发展的影响，结果发现ＨＯＭＥ量表评分与ＭＤＩ及ＰＤＩ成正相关，各分量表评分广泛地与ＭＤＩ及ＰＤＩ成正相关，多元逐步回归分析显示，影响ＭＤＩ的主要因素是父母的参与性、提供适当玩具和容忍性，影响ＰＤＩ的主要因素是父母的参与性和容忍性。结果表明家庭刺激质量对儿童智力发展的影响在婴儿期就已存在。     

脂质过氧化在老化大鼠急性胆源性肝细胞线粒体损害中的作用及维生素E的影响

目的：探讨脂质过氧化在老化大鼠胆源性肝细胞线粒体受损中及维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）的保护作用。结果：老化大鼠非ＶＥ处理组（ＮＶＥＧ）肝细胞线粒体丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显高于非老化组，超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＤ）活性明显低于非老化组，过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）无明显变化。１８和２４月龄ＶＥ处理组（ＶＥＧ）ＭＤＡ显著低于ＮＶＥＧ，ＳＯＤ和ＧＰＤ显著高于ＮＶＥＧ，并以１８月龄组为明显。急性梗阻性左肝胆管炎（ＡＯＬＨ）后ＭＤＡ水平明显高于对照组，间接致伤肝叶（ＩＡＬ）较直接致伤肝叶（ＤＡＬ）为明显；ＩＡＬ线粒体ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性均显著高于对照组，ＤＡＬ显著降低；各叶ＧＰＤ活性均显著低于对照组，ＩＡＬ和ＤＡＬ均无显著差别；以上改变以２４月龄组为明显。各月龄ＶＥＧＡＯＬＨ２４ｈ时ＩＡＬＭＤＡ含量明显低于ＮＶＥＧ；１８月龄ＶＥＧＡＯＬＨ后ＳＯＤ水平均明显高于ＮＶＥＧ；各月龄ＶＥＧ组ＡＯＰＨ后ＧＰＤ和ＣＡＴ活性与ＮＶＥＧ比较均无明显差异。结论：脂质过氧化是老化大鼠胆源性肝细胞线粒体受损的重要机制，ＶＥ具有明显的保护作用。     

ET-NO系统与心肌胶原代谢的关系

目的：探讨心肌缺血缺氧状态下局部内皮素（ＥＴ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与心肌胶原代谢的关系。方法：应用异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＰ）注射大鼠，造成心肌缺血缺氧和心肌坏死模型。检测血清内ＧＯＴ、ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ、ＥＴ含量，并检测心肌组织匀浆内ＥＴ、ＮＯ含量变化和胶原蛋白含量以及细胞外间质（ＥＣＭ）的增殖情况。结果：注射ＩＳＰ后，血清ＧＯＴ、ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ活性增加，与此同时，心肌匀浆内ＥＴ含量上升和ＮＯ含量下降，ＥＣＭ效应细胞增殖和心肌胶原含量升高。结论：心肌缺血缺氧后，心肌局部合成释放ＥＴ增加，ＮＯ合成减少，胶原蛋白含量增加，说明ＥＴ等生物因子与心肌间质胶原代谢变化相关     

冠心病患者血清过氧化脂质的变化及其与动脉硬化关系的研究

对３０例不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡ）、１９例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者血清过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－ｃ）进行了测定，并计算动脉硬化指数（ＡＩ）。发现ＵＡ及ＡＭＩ患者ＬＰＯ、ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＡＩ值均显著高于正常人，ＨＤＬ－ｃ均低于正常人。ＵＡ与ＡＭＩ患者血清ＬＰＯ及血脂诸值比较差异均无显著性。ＵＡ与ＡＭＩ两组患者的ＬＰＯ水平均与ＡＩ呈显著正相关。     

阿尔及利亚求购制药原料

阿尔及利亚求购制药原料阿尔及利亚一公司求购制药原料（ＰＲＯＤＵＩＴＳＰＡＲＡＰＨＡＲＭＡＴＩＱＵＥＳ）。公司名称：ＣＯＮＤＩＰＨＡＲＭ联系人：ＭＲ．Ｙ．ＫＥＴＦＩ地址：１２９，ＲＵＥＤＩＤＯＵＣＨＥＭＯＵＲＡＤ，１６０００ＡＬＧＥＲＡＬＧＥＲＩＥ电话...     

神经心理测验和轻性痴呆

应用简易痴呆筛查量表（ＢＳＳＤ）、简易智力检查表（ＭＭＳＥ）、常识记忆注意测验（ＩＭＣＴ）、长谷川痴呆量表（ＨＤＳ）、Ｆｕｌｄ物体记忆测验（ＦＯＭ）、言语流畅性测验（ＲＶＲ）、积木测验（ＢＤ）、数字广度测验（ＤＳ）、日常生活功能量表（ＡＤＬ）检测３０７５例社区老人，结果发现对轻性痴呆诊断敏感的指标有（１）由ＢＳＳＤ、ＭＭＳＥ、ＨＤＳ筛选出的４个因子：时间定向、计算／注意、常识／图片理解、名词即刻记忆；（２）ＦＯＭ、ＲＶＲ、ＢＤ、ＤＳ中２项或２项以上阳性     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

EBV-LMP及二甲基亚砜对人鼻咽癌细胞生长分化的影响

目的：研究ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ及二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）对人鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）细胞体外生长分化的影响。方法：以人高分化鼻咽癌细胞株（ＣＮＥ１）为对象，采用电穿孔基因转染技术，将重组ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ表达质粒转染ＣＮＥ１细胞，以载体质粒转染及ＣＮＥ１细胞为对照，用细胞体外增殖实验、流式细胞仪和免疫组化等方法，观察细胞生长分化的变化情况。结果：ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ在体外可明显促进ＣＮＥ１细胞的增殖，实验组与空白组及阴性对照组比较Ｐ＜０．０１，实验组Ｓ期细胞明显增多，细胞角蛋白表达显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），有向低分化鳞癌发展倾向；ＤＭＳＯ诱导后ＣＮＥ１细胞增殖力明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），细胞角蛋白表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＬＭＰ可明显抑制ＤＭＳＯ对ＣＮＥ１细胞的诱导分化作用，转染细胞诱导后增殖力和角蛋白表达无显著改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：ＤＭＳＯ可在一定程度上诱导ＣＮＥ１细胞分化；ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ对ＣＮＥ１细胞生长有明显的促进作用，可抑制细胞分化及降低细胞对终末分化信号的反应，有助于深入研究ＮＰＣ的发生机理及防治     

MANDARIN T ONE RECOGNITION IN SPE E CH DISORDER THERAPY SYSTEM

ＭＡＮＤＡＲＩＮＴＯＮＥＲＥＣＯＧＮＩＴＩＯＮＩＮＳＰＥＥＣＨＤＩＳＯＲＤＥＲＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＳＹＳＴＥＭＭ　ＡＮＤＡＲＩＮＴＯＮＥＲＥＣＯＧＮＩＴＩＯＮＩＮＳＰＥＥＣＨＤＩＳＯＲＤＥＲＴＨＥＲＡＰＹＳＹＳＴＥＭＺｏｕＹａｎｇ；ＤｉｎｇＨｏｎｇＬｉｎ；...     

婴幼儿气质与家庭环境的关系

目的：探讨婴幼儿气质与家庭环境的关系。方法：抽取年龄为一岁的婴儿81例，分别在一岁与两岁半时用幼儿气质问卷、家庭环境表进行评估。结果：一岁时气质特征与经济收入、居住面积、父母年龄、父亲文化程度及HOME量表中的反应性、多样性刺激有关；两岁半时气质特征与经济收入，居住面积、父母年龄、父母文化程度及HOME量表中的提供玩具、参与性、多样化刺激等显著相关。结论：婴幼儿气质受家庭环境的制约，而且随着年龄增长，家庭环境产生的作用愈大。     

早期干预对早产儿精神运动发育的影响

目的探讨早期干预对早产儿体格、智能发育及运动发育的影响,寻找更合理的治疗流程。方法将183例早产儿列入本研究中,其中111例早产儿除接受一般育儿指导外,均进行早产儿早期干预,为干预组。72例因各种原因仅接受一般育儿指导和定期复查,为未干预组。干预组按0～2岁早期干预大纲[1]进行早期系统干预,均由同一组治疗师进行,专人进行体格发育、神经系统检查、发育商测定等。结果干预组与未干预组患儿在12月、18月时身长、体重、头围比较,差异均无显著性(P均>0.05);智力发育指数(MDI)比较:6月龄时,干预组比非干预组高4.5分,差异无显著性(P>0.05);12月龄、18月龄时干预组比未干预组分别高6.3分和7.4分,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。运动发育指数(PDI)比较,6月龄、12月龄、18月龄时干预组较未干预组分别高8.3分、9.3分、和11.3分,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。干预组脑性瘫痪、智力低下、运动低下的发生率都较未干预组低,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。结论早期系统干预早产儿可促进其智力和运动发育,减少脑瘫、智力低下、运动低下的发生率,应及早对早产儿进行早期系统干预治疗,提高早产儿的远期生存质量。     

Maternal Stress and Depressive Symptoms and Infant Development at Six Months: the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) Prospective Study

Our objective is to evaluate the relationships between prenatal maternal stress and depressive symptoms, respectively, and infant neurodevelopment at 6 months, adjusted for heavy metals and oxidative stress. This research is a part of a multi-center birth cohort study in South Korea. Information on stress and depressive symptoms was collected during the first trimester using Psychosocial Well-Being Index Short Form (PWI-SF) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II assessment (BSID-II), which includes the standardized mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI), and Korean Ages & Stages Questionnaires (K-ASQ) were applied to infants at six months of age. A higher index score indicates better development. Among 641 babies, 320 were female (50%). Maternal PWI ≥ 29 (vs. PWI ≤ 18) during early pregnancy was associated with a decrease in MDI scores of 5.37 points (P = 0.02) after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Maternal CES-D ≥ 26 (vs. CES-D ≤ 10) during early pregnancy was associated with a decrease in MDI scores of 8.18 points (P = 0.01). The associations remained significant even after adjustment for lead, cadmium, and MDA levels (P < 0.05). However, no association was found between maternal PWI/CES-D and PDI score. No interaction was observed between stress and lead exposure. We found an inverse association between prenatal maternal stress and depressive symptoms, and MDI scores in 6-month-old infants after adjustment for prenatal lead exposure, which is known to affect cognitive function negatively.     

Effect of Breastfeeding Duration on Cognitive Development in Infants: 3-Year Follow-up Study

We investigated the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development in infants during their first 3 years. The present study was a part of the Mothers’ and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, which was a multi-center birth cohort project in Korea that began in 2006. A total of 697 infants were tested at age 12, 24, and 36 months using the Korean version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II). The use and duration of breastfeeding and formula feeding were measured. The relationship between breastfeeding and the mental development index (MDI) score was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated a positive correlation between breastfeeding duration and MDI score. After adjusting for covariates, infants who were breastfed for ≥ 9 months had significantly better cognitive development than those who had not been breastfed. These results suggest that the longer duration of breastfeeding improves cognitive development in infants.     

Attachment, cognitive, and motor development in adopted children: short-term outcomes after international adoption

OBJECTIVE: To examine infant attachment and developmental functioning shortly after international adoption. METHODS: At 14 months, infant-mother attachment and mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) development were assessed in 70 internationally adopted children. Mean age at arrival was 5.5 months, mean stay in the adoptive family 8.7 months. RESULTS: Adopted children's MDI and PDI did not deviate from normative scores. Also, their secure-insecure attachment distribution was comparable with that of normative groups. However, more adoptees were disorganized attached (36 vs. 15% in normative groups). Temporary residence in a foster home in the country of origin before adoption was related to higher MDI and PDI, whereas disorganized attachment in the adoptive family was related to lower MDI and PDI scores. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of internationally adopted children form secure attachment relationships and function at normative developmental levels shortly after adoption. Residence in a foster family before adoption may partly prevent developmental delays.     

Focused attention, heart rate deceleration, and cognitive development in preterm and full-term infants

The majority of children who are born very preterm escape major impairment, yet more subtle cognitive and attention problems are very common in this population. Previous research has linked infant focused attention during exploratory play to later cognition in children born full‐term and preterm. Infant focused attention can be indexed by sustained decreases in heart rate (HR). However there are no preterm studies that have jointly examined infant behavioral attention and concurrent HR response during exploratory play in relation to developing cognition. We recruited preterm infants free from neonatal conditions associated with major adverse outcomes, and further excluded infants with developmental delay (Bayley Mental Development Index [MDI < 70]) at 8 months corrected age (CA). During infant exploratory play at 8 months CA, focused attention and concurrent HR response were compared in 83 preterm infants (born 23–32 weeks gestational age [GA]) who escaped major impairment to 46 full‐term infants. Focused attention and HR response were then examined in relation to Bayley MDI, after adjusting for neonatal risk. MDI did not differ by group, yet full‐term infants displayed higher global focused attention ratings. Among the extremely preterm infants born <29 weeks, fewer days on mechanical ventilation, mean longest focus, and greater HR deceleration during focused attention episodes, accounted for 49% of adjusted variance in predicting concurrent MDI. There were no significant associations for later‐born gestational age (29–32 weeks) or full‐term infants. Among extremely preterm infants who escape major impairment, our findings suggest unique relationships between focused attention, HR deceleration, and developing cognition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:383–400, 2012.     

早期干预对早产儿智力发育的作用

目的:探讨早期干预对早产儿智力发育的作用.方法:将62例早产儿随机分为干预组30例,对照组32例,干预组自新生儿期开始干预治疗至2岁,两组早产儿均于1岁、2岁时进行智能发育检测.结果:干预组1岁、2岁时智力发育指数(MDI)和心理运动发育指数(PDI)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为:1.91,2.70,2.05,2.68,P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:早期干预可促进早产儿的智力发育,有利于防治智力低下.     

12例双胎输血综合征供血患儿围生期的综合护理体会

目的：探讨施行围生期综合护理对双胎输血综合征供血患儿远期临床效果的影响。方法：按标准纳入对照组和实验组研究对象，进行围生期综合护理干预后，对比分析双胎输血综合征供血患儿出院时及1年后的贫血和脑损伤等并发症的护理效果。结果：进行围产期综合护理后，出院时和1年后双胎输血综合征供血患儿红细胞及血红蛋白含量与对照组无明显区别(P>0.05)；《Bayley婴幼儿发育量表》分析结果显示，随访双胎输血综合征供血患儿1年后，其智力量表用智力发展指数(mental development index，MDI)和运动发展指数(psychomotor development index，PDI)的各个水平分布的比率与常模相比，并无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论：输血综合征供血患儿围生期的综合护理可以有效改善其远期并发症的产生。     

Brief report: birth status, medical complications, and social environment: individual differences in development of preterm, very low birth weight infants

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether medical complications mediate the relationship between birth status (i.e., birth weight and gestational age) and developmental outcome of preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, as well as the role of the early social environment (maternal distress and social support) in infant development. METHOD: Birth status and medical complication information was collected during the child's NICU stay. Maternal distress was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Parenting Stress Index at 4 months corrected infant age. Social support was measured with the Dunst Scales at 4 months corrected age. Child development measures were collected at 4 and 13 months corrected age (Bayley MDI and PDI), and at 36 months chronological age (PPVT-R and Achenbach CBCL). RESULTS: Medical complications mediated the birth status-outcome relationship at 4 and 13 months, but not at 36 months. The 36-month outcomes were predicted by 4-month maternal distress and social support. CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity and VLBW are indirectly related to early developmental outcome through their association with medical complications. However, by 36 months, developmental outcomes are more closely related to aspects of the early social environment than to early physiological factors.