肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石185例

目前肝内胆结石的治疗仍然是胆道外科中最重要课题 ,切除结石所在部位的肝脏被认为是治疗肝内胆管结石最有效的方法。 1985 - 0 1～ 1999- 12 ,我们采用肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石 185例 ,取得了满意疗效。现报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 185例 ,男 86例 ,女 99例 ,男 :女=0 .87∶1;年龄 18～ 89岁 ,平均 4 4 3岁 ,30～ 5 0岁者占 76 5 %。病史 4个月～ 5 0年 ,10年以上者占4 1 5 % ,36例有 1～ 4次胆道手术史。主要表现有腹痛 16 5例 (90 0 % ) ,发热 12 6例 (6 8 2 % )寒战 112例 ,黄疸 86例 (46 5 % ) ,其中还有肝大、…     

肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌的MSCT诊断

目的分析肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现。资料与方法回顾性分析56例经病理证实的ICC患者的MSCT表现,对肝脏形态、胆道结石、胆管扩张、病灶的强化方式、门静脉形态及肝十二指肠及腹膜后淋巴结等进行分析总结。结果 56例中54例行平扫加增强扫描,其中环形强化21例(38.9%),片状强化24例(44.4%),延迟强化39例(72.2%),无明显强化1例(1.9%);门静脉变窄或闭塞37例(68.5%),门静脉癌栓15例(27.8%);周围胆管扩张35例(62.5%);子灶18例(32.1%);胆道结石21例(37.5%),ICC合并同叶肝内胆管结石17例(30.4%);肝叶萎缩20例(35.7%);包膜皱缩38例(67.9%);肝十二指肠韧带和/或腹膜后淋巴结肿大31例(55.4%);胆囊炎36例(64.3%)。ICC合并同叶肝内胆管结石的发生率与ICC不合并同叶肝内胆管结石的发生率二者间的差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9.905,P=0.002)。结论环形或片状强化、延迟强化、门静脉狭窄/闭塞、包膜皱缩是肿块型ICC的主要...     

多肝段切除联合胆道镜取石治疗复杂肝内胆管结石的疗效

目的 探讨多肝段切除联合术中胆道镜取石治疗复杂肝内胆管结石的疗效.方法 对多肝段切除联合术中胆道镜取石治疗复杂肝内胆管结石58例患者的术后并发症、疗效等进行回顾性分析.结果 58例中,术后并发症共发生22例(37.9%),其中并发大量腹腔积液8例、感染6例、胸腔积液3例、胰腺炎2例、肝功能衰竭2例、胆漏1例.围手术期死亡2例(3.45%),结石残留率为8.6%.存活56例中,疗效优者32例(57.1%),良者18例(32.1%),差者6例(10.8%),总体优良率为89.3%.结论 多肝段切除联合术中胆道镜取石治疗复杂肝内胆管结石效果显著,结石残余率低,是治疗此类结石的有效手术方法.     

肝切除联合电子胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石

目的：探讨肝切除联合电子胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2004-01～2010-01经肝切除并联合术中及术后电子胆道镜治疗的186例肝内胆管结石病例。结果：186例患者均行相应的肝叶（段）切除和术中胆道镜取石,59例（31.7%）术后有残留结石,术后胆道镜残余结石总取净率为88.1%（52/59）,186例患者总治愈率为96.2%（179/186）,总残石率为3.8%（7/186）。结论：肝切除联合电子胆道镜是治疗肝内胆管结石的一种有效方法,电子胆道镜在治疗肝内胆管结石中起到了重要作用。     

外周型肝内胆管细胞癌CT表现

目的：探讨外周型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现及特征。方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的33例IHPCC的CT表现。结果：33病例中29例CT平扫表现为低密度实质病灶．4例无明确肿块；肝内胆管扩张23例，扩张胆管合并肝内胆管结石15例。所在肝叶萎缩、肝包膜凹陷征25例，三期增强扫描：早期或动脉期明显强化1例；27例早期周边轻度强化，门脉期延迟期周边向中心明显强化呈片状、条状、分隔状；1例均无强化。结论：肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现有一定的特征性。     

肝内胆管结石的CT诊断

目的 :探讨肝内胆管结石的 CT表现及诊断价值。方法 :对 6 5例肝内胆管结石的 CT征象进行分析 ,并与超声对照。结果 :(1) CT诊断肝内胆管结石的准确率达 98.5 % ;(2 )因结石的密度不同可分为四类 ,即高密度、软组织密度 ,低密度和混杂密度结石 ;(3)肝内胆管扩张以局限性囊、柱状扩张为特征 ;(4 ) CT可准确显示和诊断其合并症。结论 :CT是肝内胆管结石有效的诊断手段 ,其诊断准确性特别是对并发症的诊断优于 B超     

肝内胆管结石联合整治术30例

肝内胆管结石治疗后复发率和残留结石率较高 ,治疗十分棘手。 1997～ 2 0 0 0年我院共实施联合整治术 -左肝外叶切除加广口肝胆管吻合术 30例 ,疗效较好。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 30例中 ,男 11例 ,女 19例 ;年龄14～ 73岁 ,平均 4 0岁。胆道病史 3个月～ 30年。既往有 1～ 3次胆道手术史者占 4 6 2 %。术前均经Ｂ超、ＣＴ、经皮经肝胆管造影术 (ＰＴＣ)、内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术 (ＥＲＣＰ)或经Ｔ管逆行胆道造影而确诊。胆道病变 :胆总管、左肝管、左肝外叶胆管、右肝前后叶胆管结石 2 2例 ;胆总管、右肝管、右后叶胆管、左内外叶支胆…     

先天性胆管扩张的鉴别诊断

目的探讨磁共振胆胰管造影(MRCP)诊断儿童先天性胆管扩张的临床价值。方法回顾性分析78例先天性胆管扩张患儿的MRI和MRCP表现,并与手术病理结果进行对照分析。结果先天性胆管囊肿76例,Ⅰ型33例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型0例,Ⅳ型41例,Ⅴ型0例,囊肿型胆道闭锁2例;先天性胆管囊肿常合并胆囊扩大(53.9%),胆汁淤积(75%)和结石(42.1%);囊肿型胆道闭锁其胆管扩张局限,肝门部及门静脉周围可见局限斑片状长T_2信号,无胆囊扩大,胆汁淤积和结石等合并症。结论 MRCP能正确诊断先天性胆管扩张,可有效鉴别诊断先天性胆管囊肿和囊肿型胆道闭锁。     

CT在肝内胆管结石诊断中的应用

目的探讨肝内胆管结石的CT表现及诊断价值。方法对35例肝内胆管结石CT征象进行分析。结果CT诊断肝内胆管结石33例,准确率达95%;CT可准确显示和诊断其合并症。结论CT是肝内胆管结石有效的诊断手段,其诊断准确性特别是对并发症的诊断优于B超。     

磁共振胰胆管造影在肝外胆道梗阻性疾病中的应用价值分析

目的　评价磁共振胆胰管造影 (MRCP)对肝外胆管梗阻性疾病的临床诊断价值。方法　对 2 9例肝外胆管梗阻性疾病 (肝外胆管结石 9例 ,恶性胆管梗阻 18例 ,胆囊周围淋巴结反应性增生 1例 ,胆囊结石 1例 )进行MRCP检查 ,并与术后病理结果或临床综合诊断对照分析。MRCP采用屏气单次激发半数傅立叶变换的TSE序列 (HASTE) ,原始图像以最大信号强度投影 (MIP)法进行三维重建。结果　全部 2 9例MRCP检查均一次成功 ,2 7例胆胰管显示满意。MRCP对肝外胆管梗阻性疾病的定位诊断率为 10 0 % ,定性诊断率为 79.3 %。结论　MRCP检查成功率高 ,对肝外胆管梗阻的定位诊断准确 ,结合原始图像和常规MRI扫描 ,对肝外胆管结石和恶性胆管梗阻的定性诊断也有较高的准确性     

Visualization of pancreaticobiliary reflux in anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction by secretin-stimulated dynamic magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

PURPOSE: To assess the utility of secretin-stimulated dynamic MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) for the visualization of pancreaticobiliary reflux in patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (PBJ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten controls and seven patients diagnosed as having anomalous PBJ were prospectively examined by dynamic MRCP after secretin injection using a breath-hold, single-shot turbo spin-echo T2-weighted sequence. The optimal MRCP section was repeated 35 times at approx. 10-second interval after secretin injection; the acquisition time was 4 s per image. The signal intensity (SI) changes of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts, presence or absence of intraluminal signal void, caliber change of the bile duct, duodenal filling, and peak time of the SI ratio of the extrahepatic bile duct after secretin injection were compared between the controls and patients. RESULTS: In the controls, the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts showed neither enhancement nor caliber change over the observation period, providing no apparent peak time. Of the seven patients, the extrahepatic bile duct showed retrograde enhancement and sequential delay in occurrence of the peak time from its distal third to its proximal third (n = 6) with a signal void in its distal part (n =4); its caliber increased subsequently to pancreatic secretion (n = 5); the intrahepatic bile ducts showed a slight enhancement following SI increase of the proximal extrahepatic bile duct (n = 6); duodenal filling grade tended to be lower in the patients than volunteers (P<.005). CONCLUSION: In patients with anomalous PBJ pancreaticobiliary reflux were demonstrated by dynamic secretin-stimulated MRCP.     

Congenital anomalies and variations of the bile and pancreatic ducts: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings, epidemiology and clinical significance

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to document the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) findings and the epidemiology of congenital anomalies and variations of the bile and pancreatic ducts and to discuss their clinical significance.

Materials and methods

Three-hundred and fifty patients of both sexes (150 females, 200 males, age range 0–76 years, average age 38 years) underwent MRCP for clinically suspected lithiasic, neoplastic or inflammatory disease of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Patients were imaged with a 1.5-T superconductive magnet (Magnetom Vision, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), a four-channel phased-array body coil, breath-hold technique, with multislice T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE), MIP reconstructions, and a single-shot T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequence rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) with different slice thicknesses. Studies in oncological patients were completed with fat saturation 3D T1 gradient-echo sequences during the intravenous injection of gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetate acid (DTPA) (0.2 ml/kg).

Results

MRCP demonstrated recurrent and therefore normal bile and pancreatic ducts in 57% of patients. In the remaining 42.3%, it documented anatomical variants (41%) and congenital anomalies (1.3%). Variants of the intrahepatic bile duct were seen in 21% of cases: crossover anomaly (6.7%), anterior branch of the right hepatic duct draining the IV and VII segments that flow together with the left bile duct (3.1%) and anterior and posterior branches of the right hepatic duct that flow together with the common hepatic duct (3.3%). Variants of the extrahepatic bile ducts were present in 8.8% of patients: low insertion of the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct (4.5%), emptying of the cystic duct into the right hepatic duct (2.7%) and a second-order large branch draining into the cystic duct (1.6%). MRCP identified a double gall bladder in 3% of patients and anatomical variants of the biliopancreatic system in 8.2%: pancreas divisum (5.2%) and a long sphincter of Oddi (3%). Finally, congenital anomalies were diagnosed in 1.3% of cases: bile duct cysts (0.3%), atresia of the bile ducts (0.3%) and multiple biliary hamartomatosis (0.7%).

Conclusions

The congenital anomalies and anatomical variants of the bile and pancreatic ducts present a complex spectrum of frequent alterations, which are worthy of attention in both the clinical and surgical settings and are readily identified by MRCP.     

CT and MR cholangiography: advantages and pitfalls in perioperative evaluation of biliary tree

Recent developments in imaging technology have enabled CT and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to provide minimally invasive alternatives to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the pre- and post-operative assessment of biliary disease. This article describes anatomical variants of the biliary tree with surgical significance, followed by comparison of CT and MR cholangiographies. Drip infusion cholangiography with CT (DIC-CT) enables high-resolution three-dimensional anatomical representation of very small bile ducts (e.g. aberrant branches, the caudate branch and the cystic duct), which are potential causes of surgical complications. The disadvantages of DIC-CT include the possibility of adverse reactions to biliary contrast media and insufficient depiction of bile ducts caused by liver dysfunction or obstructive jaundice. Conventional MRCP is a standard, non-invasive method for evaluating the biliary tree. MRCP provides useful information, especially regarding the extrahepatic bile ducts and dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced MRCP may facilitate the evaluation of biliary structure and excretory function. Understanding the characteristics of each type of cholangiography is important to ensure sufficient perioperative evaluation of the biliary system.     

MRI-FIESTA成像序列对胆道结石的诊断价值

目的：评价FIESTA成像序列对胆道系统结石的诊断价值。方法：30例CT诊断为肝内胆管结石患者,其中14例伴肝外胆管结石（肝总管6例,胆总管结石8例）,均行磁共振胰胆管水成像MRCP检查,同时对感兴趣区分别行薄层FRFFSE-T2WI脂肪抑制序列及FIESTA脂肪抑制序列扫描检查,比较其对结石的诊断符合率。所有病例后均经手术或ER-CP证实。结果：30例胆内胆管结石,MRCP＋FRFFSE组阳性19例,符合率63%;MRCP＋FIESTA组阳性26例,符合率87%,两者肝内结石符合率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而肝外胆管结石,MRCP＋FRFFSE组阳性15例,其中假阳性1例,MRCP＋FIESTA组阳性14例,两者符合率均近100%,肝外结石符合率无明显差异性。结论：FIESTA序列对胆道结石尤其是肝内结石有极高的临床诊断价值。     

MRCP findings in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis

OBJECTIVE: In this essay, we present the spectrum of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct abnormalities seen on MRCP in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. CONCLUSION: MRCP is a promising, noninvasive alternative to more invasive direct cholangiography for evaluating the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.     

肝内胆管错构瘤5例的磁共振成像诊断及鉴别诊断简

目的：探讨成人肝脏胆管错构瘤的影像学表现,以提高对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析5例经手术、病理证实的肝内胆管错构瘤的影像学表现。对所有患者均行磁共振成像（MRI）平扫、磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）、增强扫描,并穿刺活检病理证实。结果 T1WI病变呈低于肝实质的信号,呈多发,沿血管胆管树分布, T2WI病灶显示清楚,呈明显的高信号,在MRCP序列上,多数病变显示为高信号,与T2WI比较,显示的病变数量有所减少。MRCP显示肝内多发类囊状高信号病变,与可见的胆管树不相通。增强扫描示各期病灶无强化,在增强扫描60 s,3 min肝实质明显强化,小囊状信号未见明显强化,形成明显的对比。结论成人肝内胆管错构瘤在影像学上无特征性表现,类似于肝转移瘤、肝脓肿、肝海绵状血管瘤等常见的肝囊性占位病变。     

胰胆管疾病的ERCP影像诊断

目的评价内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)对胰胆管疾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析了经手术或病理及临床证实胰胆管疾病480例的ERCP表现,并与CT,MRI,MRCP,超声及透皮肝穿刺胆道造影(PTC)等检查方法进行对比。结果正常胰胆管75例,先天性胆管囊肿14例,胆系结石292例,奥狄括约肌狭窄症46例,壶腹癌、胆管癌52例,胰管癌4例,胰腺炎2例,胰管结石3例,胆道蛔虫症9例,肝内胆管发育变异2例,胆囊管异位开口6例,胆道-腹腔漏2例,十二指肠乳头旁憩室9例,十二指肠乳头开口于憩室内2例,肝移植后吻合口狭窄2例,肝移植后吻合口狭窄并胆漏1例,肝移植后肝外胆管条状结石2例。结论ERCP及MRCP检查同为诊断胰胆管疾病的“金标准”,但每种影像学方法均有其优缺点,应根据患者情况选择。ERCP虽有一定的创伤性,但检查同时可行内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)等微创治疗。     

Biliary anatomy in potential right hepatic lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLT): the utility of CT cholangiography in the setting of inconclusive MRCP

Objective

To determine the utility of CT cholangiography (CT-Ch) in preoperative evaluation of the biliary anatomy of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) donors when magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is inconclusive.

Materials and methods

Over a 2-year period, 22 potential living liver donors underwent contrast-enhanced CT-Ch for preoperative evaluating biliary anatomy due to inconclusive results on MRCP and subsequently donated their right hepatic lobe. Nineteen of them underwent intraoperative cholangiography and were included in this study. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed both MRCP and CT-Ch with 1-month interval and documented the types of bile duct branching patterns and visualization score of intrahepatic bile ducts (4-point scale).

Results

There were no complications associated with CT-Ch examinations. CT-Ch was concordant with the reference standard in 18/19 (95%) including 7/8 typical branching type and 11/11 anomalous branching types. MRCP was concordant with the reference standard in 14/19 (74%) including 4/8 typical branching types and 10/11 anomalous branching types. The discordant case by CT-Ch was the identification of a tiny accessory right intrahepatic duct joining the common bile duct which was not visualized on intraoperative cholangiography. CT-Ch showed higher visualization score (mean, 3.9) than MRCP (mean, 2.6) (P < .001).

Conclusion

CT-Ch can be effectively used for the depiction of the branching pattern of the bile duct at the hepatic hilum when MRCP is inconclusive.     

MRCP对诊断良恶性胆道梗阻的临床应用

目的 评价磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对良恶性胆管梗阻的诊断价值。方法25例经病理证实的良恶性胆道梗阻包括胆囊及胆道结石10例,单纯胆囊结石3例,胆总管囊肿合并结石1例,壶腹及胰头癌6例,肝门癌3例,以及胆囊癌2例的MRCP表现进行了回顾性分析。MRCP检查是以PHILIPS GYROSCAN NT 1．0磁共振成像仪并用3D-FSE序列和常规SE序列进行的。结果在所有病人中成功地进行了MRCP检查。其表现随病变性质与部位不同而异,如肝内胆管明显扩张且呈软藤状见于肝门癌。胆总管横行截断,断端形态规则见于胆管上段腺癌。胆总管明显增宽呈壶腹状,胆囊明显增大见于胆总管囊肿。结论MRCP应成为诊断良恶性胆道梗阻的推荐方法。     

肝内胆管脓肿的CT特征探讨

目的 肝内胆管脓肿（intrahepatic bile duct abscess,IBDA）的CT表现特点及病理基础。方法 回顾性研究1989年10月至1999年2月经手术及临床抗炎治疗后复查证实的IBDA连续性病例31例的C T资料,病因包括多种原因所致的急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎和胆道逆行感染。所有病例分别从肝脓肿征象、胆源性征象及反映两者间相关性的征象进行观察。结果 31例中均可见肝脓肿CT表现特征（31／31,100％）。胆源性CT表现包括各种梗阻病因的特征性 CT表现和其他胆道异常表现,包括胆管扩张（29／31,93.5％）、扩张的胆管与脓肿相通（5／31,16.1％）或相紧邻（8／31,25.8％）及胆道积气（10／31,32.2％）等。前两者间相关的CT表现,包括肝脓肿上与梗阻点及其近侧扩张胆管相一致（15／31,48.4％）,肝脓肿发生于无（7／31,22.6％）或有（４／３１,１２.９％）肝内胆管积气的肝叶、肝段等。结论 ＩＢＤＡ的ＣＴ表现包括肝脓肿征象、胆源性征象,并能反映两者间相关的具有一定特征的ＣＴ征象。