低浓度等渗对比剂和低管电压扫描在320排CT肺动脉成像中的应用

目的探讨低浓度等渗对比剂和低管电压的"双低"模式行320排CT肺动脉成像的图像质量和辐射剂量。方法 42例行肺动脉CTA患者随机分为两组:A组20例,使用120kV管电压,优维显370mgI/ml对比剂;B组22例,采用100kV管电压,碘克沙醇270mgI/ml对比剂,其余参数设置相同。测量每例患者肺动脉主干和分支的CT值,计算图像信噪比和对比噪声比。记录设备自动生成的剂量长度乘积,计算有效剂量。应用独立样本的t检验对上述数据进行统计学分析。结果两组图像质量均符合诊断要求,两组肺动脉各段CT值、图像信噪比和对比噪声比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。使用120kV组的剂量长度乘积和有效剂量高于100kV组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用碘克沙醇270mgI/ml对比剂、100kV管电压结合迭代重建行320排CT肺动脉成像,图像质量能满足临床诊断要求,且有效地降低了辐射剂量。     

等渗低浓度对比剂冠状动脉CT低剂量成像的初步研究

目的 比较双源CT冠状动脉CT成像中应用等渗低浓度对比剂与迭代重建时,与常规浓度及滤波反投影(FBP)成像时的碘摄入量、图像质量及辐射剂量.方法 连续收集50例(A组)拟行冠状动脉CT检查者行常规浓度对比剂及FBP重建,再连续收集50例(B组)使用迭代重建及等渗低浓度对比剂进行冠状动脉CT检查,2组均采用前瞻性心电门控序列扫描模式.由2名有经验的医师对2组图像质量进行双盲法评分,利用Kappa检验比较观察者间评分的一致性;采用两独立样本t检验比较2组患者的有效辐射剂量、平均CT值、图像噪声、信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR)、图像质量评分等,并对2组患者的总碘量以及碘注入率进行比较.结果 100例受检者均成功完成检查.2组患者一般资料及扫描参数之间比较差异无统计学意义.A、B组冠状动脉图像质量主观评分分别为(4.4±0.7)、(4.3±0.8)分,2组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.924,P＞0.05).2名医师评分的一致性较高(Kappa值为0.887,P＜0.01).所有患者图像CT值均高于300 HU,A、B组图像平均CT值分别为(386.1±51.5)、(384.1±77.1)HU,差异无统计学意义(t=0.157,P＞0.05).2组间SNR、CNR差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).B组的有效辐射剂量为(1.09±0.19) mSv,较A组[(2.85±0.59) mSv]降低约61.8％,2者间差异有统计学意义(t=20.260,P＜0.01).A组总碘量以及碘注入率分别为21.0 g、17.5g/s,B组分别为16.2 g、13.5 g/s,B组较A组总碘量以及碘注入率均下降了22.9％.结论 使用迭代重建和等渗低浓度对比剂进行低剂量冠状动脉CT检查时,可以大幅度降低辐射剂量和碘摄入量,可达到原高浓度、高电压而无迭代重建时的图像质量.     

低浓度对比剂和超低辐射剂量在双源 CT 冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的：探讨低浓度对比剂和低管电压在双源CT前瞻性心电触发大螺距螺旋扫描进行冠状动脉成像的可行性。方法连续选取120例体质量指数(BMI)≤25 kg/m2和心率(HR)≤65次/min 的患者,随机分配到 A 和 B 2组。A 组采用高浓度对比剂370 mg I/mL 和100 kV 管电压进行双源 CT 冠状动脉前瞻性心电触发大螺距螺旋扫描,图像重建采用滤过反投影重建技术(FBP)。B 组采用低浓度对比剂270 mg I/mL 和80 kV 管电压进行扫描,图像重建采用迭代重建技术(SAFIRE)。比较2组的 CT强化值和噪声,并计算信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR)。采用双盲法对冠状动脉节段以4分法进行评价,其中4分为不可诊断的图像。结果B 组各测量层面的平均强化 CT 值明显高于 A 组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。B 组图像噪声、SNR、CNR 较A 组略高,但差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)。B 组有效辐射剂量较 A 组明显降低(0.25 mSv ±0.05 mSv 和0.55 mSv ±0.11 mSv,P <0.001)。结论低浓度对比剂270 mg I/mL 和80 kV 管电压在 BMI≤25 kg/m2的患者中,应用双源 CT 前瞻性心电触发大螺距螺旋扫描,图像进行迭代重建,在保证冠状动脉图像质量的情况下使患者的辐射剂量降低约54.5%。     

双低剂量联合迭代重建技术在急性脑梗死容积CT全脑灌注成像中的可行性应用

【摘要】目的：探讨低浓度对比剂、低管电压联合迭代重建技术在急性脑梗死患者全脑灌注成像（CTP）中的可行性应用。方法：选取2014年9月-2015年3月在徐州医学院徐州临床学院行全脑CTP检查、临床拟诊为急性脑梗死患者59例,随机分为A、B两组,A组28例［管电压100kV,对比剂为碘海醇(350mg I/mL),滤波反投影重建法（FBP）重建］;B组31例［管电压80kV,对比剂为碘克沙醇（270mg I/mL）,迭代重建算法（ART）重建］。测量并计算A、B两组的大脑中动脉CT值、信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）、有效辐射剂量（ED）及碘摄入量,并对两组间上述指标进行统计学分析;2名医师对两组图像质量评价的一致性采用kappa分析;两组间图像质量主观评价差异采用χ2检验。结果:A、B两组间的CT值、SNR、CNR、CTP及CTA的图像主观质量评价差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;两组间梗死灶的检出率无统计学差异;而B组（双低剂量组）的ED、碘摄入量较A组低。结论：联合低管电压和迭代重建技术时,使用低浓度对比剂（270mg I/mL）进行全脑CTP检查,在不降低图像质量的同时,还能减少ED及碘摄入量,从而降低对比剂肾病(CIN)的风险。     

低剂量、等渗低浓度对比剂CT肺动脉血管成像技术在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的应用研究

目的 评估低剂量、等渗低浓度对比剂CT肺动脉血管成像(CTPA)技术的图像质量,以及在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的应用价值.方法 纳入临床怀疑肺动脉栓塞要求行CTPA检查且BMI＜28kg/m2的门诊或住院患者80例,采用随机数字表法等分为试验组(采用低剂量、等渗低浓度对比剂)和对照组(采用常规剂量和高渗对比剂)各40例.试验组扫描参数:80 kV,自动mA,对比剂为碘克沙醇(含碘270 mg/ml)20 ml,图像重建采用60％滤波反投影重建(FBP)+ 40％自适应统计迭代重建(ASIR);对照组扫描参数:120 kV,自动mA,对比剂为碘普胺(含碘370 mg/ml)40 ml,100％FBP.应用GE公司Discovery CT750 HD 64层螺旋CT进行扫描.用5分法目测评价图像质量,并测量肺动脉干及左、有肺动脉和各叶动脉CT值,计算其平均CT值.应用独立样本t检验比较2组间图像质量评分、平均CT值、噪声值、图像信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)、容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP)差异,应用x2检验比较2组间上腔静脉硬化伪影显示率和肺动脉栓塞诊断阳性率差异.结果 CTPA共发现肺动脉栓塞33例(试验组14例,对照组19例),试验组显示肺动脉栓塞的阳性率(35.0％)与对照组(47.5％)差异无统计学意义(x2=1.289,P＞0.05).2组均可以显示4～6级肺动脉分支,试验组和对照组图像质量评分分别为(3.9±0.6)、(4.0±0.7)分,差异无统计学意义(t=0.632,P＞0.05).试验组出现上腔静脉周围条纹伪影的例数(28例)低于对照组(36例),差异有统计学意义(x2=10.362,P＜0.0l).试验组CT值和噪声分别为(426.8±84.8)、(14.9±1.5)HU,高于对照组[分别为(359.4±75.3)、(7.4±1.4) HU],差异有统计学意义(t值分别为3.758、22.848,p值均＜0.01).但是试验组SNR(28.8±6.3)和CNR(24.5±6.1)低于对照组(SNR、CNR分别为50.4±14.7、42.9±13.8),差异有统计学意义(t值分别为8.522、7.669,P值均＜0.01).试验组所接受辐射剂量CTDIvol[(3.3 ±0.3) mGy]和DLP[(101.4±11.9) mGy· cm]均低于对照组[CTDIvol、DLP分别为(9.6±0.6)mGy、(328.5±37.3)mGy· cm],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为56.393、36.675,P值均＜0.01).结论 低剂量、等渗低浓度对比剂CTPA技术可显示4～6级肺动脉分支,减少碘对比剂用量和射线暴露,且对肺动脉栓塞的诊断阳性率与常规CTPA技术一致,可满足临床诊断的需要.     

双低扫描技术结合双源CT Flash Spiral模式在冠状动脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨双源CT Flash Spiral扫描模式下,270碘对比剂结合低管电压及正弦确认迭代重组(SAFIRE)技术在改善冠状动脉成像图像质量及降低辐射剂量中的价值.方法 将平均心率＜ 65次/分的82例疑诊冠心病患者随机分为A、B两组,A组42例,采用管电压120 kV、350 mgI/mL的对比剂,重组图像采用滤过反投影(FBP)法;B组40例,采用管电压80 kV或100 kV、270 mgL/mL的对比剂,重组图像同时采用FBP法(BI组)和SAFIRE法(B2组).A、B两组均采用Flash Spiral模式扫描,采集图像时间为R-R间期60％.记录剂量长度乘积(DLP),计算有效辐射剂量(ED).测量A组与B组两种重组法主动脉根部、左冠状动脉及右冠状动脉起始部血管内CT值和图像噪声(SD),计算主观图像质量评分、图像噪声(SD)、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR).结果 A、B两组的ED分别为(1.18±0.21) mSv、(0.55±0.19) mSv,差异有统计学意义(t=14.22,P＜0.01);A组与B组两种重组法B1、B2冠状动脉图像质量评分分别为1.57 ±0.60、1.85±0.59、1.55 ±0.60,SD分别为(17.62±2.44) HU、(27.25±8.06) HU、(19.21 ±6.21) HU,B1与B2组间均有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01),A与B2组间均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);血管内强化CT值、SNR、CNR B2组均高于A组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 双源CT Flash Spiral扫描模式下,270碘对比剂结合低管电压及SAFIRE技术能明显降低辐射剂量,并能获得较好的图像质量.     

等渗低浓度对比剂肺动脉CT血管成像临床应用研究

【摘要】目的：评估等渗低浓度对比剂在肺动脉CT血管成像（CTPA）中应用的可行性。方法：临床疑似肺动脉栓塞行CTPA检查的患者60例,随机等分为低浓度组和对照组。低浓度组和对照组对比剂分别为碘克沙醇40mL（270mg I/mL）或碘普胺40mL（370mg I/mL）。对两组的图像质量评分、平均CT值、噪声值、图像信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)、容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP)进行正态分布检验,符合正态分布则应用独立样本t检验,不符合正态分布则使用秩和检验,应用χ2检验比较两组间上腔静脉硬化伪影显示率和肺动脉栓塞诊断阳性率差异。结果：低浓度组和对照组受试者的年龄、性别、身高、体重及BMI差异均无统计学意义。两组图像质量评分、腔静脉评分、肺动脉主干及左、右干平均CT值、噪声、SNR及CNR差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。低浓度组上腔静脉CT值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。低浓度组的辐射剂量CTDIvol和DLP与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：等渗低浓度对比剂CTPA图像质量满足诊断要求,减少了患者碘负荷。     

64排CT双低扫描模式在头颈部CTA中的临床应用

目的：评估CTA“双低”扫描模式（低电压联合低浓度对比剂）在头颈部血管成像中的临床价值。方法将临床怀疑头颈部血管病变、于本单位行CTA检查的70例患者随机分成A、B两组,每组35例。A组：100kV,对比剂为碘克沙醇270mgI/ml,B组：120kV,对比剂为碘海醇350mgI/ml;所有患者对比剂用量均为0．9ml/kg体重,注射流率5ml/s,使用智能跟踪触发扫描。由两名有经验的放射科医师采用三级评分法对所有CTA图像进行图像质量评估,并对照比较两组的碘摄入量、对比噪声比（CNR）以及有效辐射剂量（ED）。结果54例患者被确诊颈动脉粥样硬化（A组29例,B组25例）,所有患者的颈动脉及其分支均可清晰显示,两组患者颈动脉强化程度及对比噪声比无统计学差异;A组患者的辐射剂量及碘摄入量低于B组（1．18±0．08）mSv vs（1．58±0．14）mSv,P＜0．05;（15．87±4．10）gI vs（19．35±5．14）gI,（P＜0．05）。结论使用100kV和碘克沙醇270mgI/ml进行头颈部动脉CTA可获得与120kV、高浓度碘对比剂同样的图像质量,并能较大幅度降低碘摄入量及辐射剂量,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

不同对比剂对双源CT冠状动脉成像中患者心率的影响

目的 探究双源CT冠状动脉成像中,静脉注射碘克沙醇320与碘普罗胺370对比剂对患者心率的影响.方法 回顾性搜集行冠状动脉CTA检查的389例患者的病例资料,根据注射对比剂不同分为2组,A组采用碘克沙醇320,B组采用碘普罗胺370,记录CT增强扫描前屏气状态下心率(基础心率)、扫描过程中注射对比剂时屏气状态下心率(注射时心率).基础心率<75次/min时,舌下含服硝酸甘油0.25 mg.比较所有患者注射对比剂前后的心率变化并对2组患者的心率变化进行比较.结果 注射对比剂后心率变化>10次/min的患者A组有8例(4.4%),B组有10例(4.8%),2组无统计学差异(P>0.05).经静脉内注射对比剂时,2种对比剂均使患者心率减低(碘克沙醇下降4.2次/min、碘普罗胺下降2.7次/min,P>0.05),服用硝酸甘油均减轻对比剂对心率的影响.结论 经静脉注射碘克沙醇320与碘普罗胺370后,均约有4%的患者心率变化>10次/min,2种对比剂对心率的影响是一致的.     

双源CT Flash模式双低剂量扫描联合SAFIRE在冠状动脉成像中的可行性研究

目的 探讨双源CT(DSCT) Flash模式低电压、低浓度碘对比剂联合正弦图确定迭代重组(SAFIRE)在冠状动脉成像中的可行性.方法 64例行冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)检查的患者随机分为A组(n =32,100kV,350 mgI/ml)和B组(n=32,80 kV,270 mgI/ml),B组图像经SAFIRE重组后获得C组,A组和B(C)组均采用Flash模式扫描.由2名放射科医师对照分析3组图像质量及辐射剂量.结果 A组和B(C)组患者的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、平均心率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),B(C)组的容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、有效剂量长度乘积(DLP)和有效剂量(ED)明显低于A组(P＜0.05).A组和C组冠状动脉节段图像质量评分、噪声(SD)、信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR)比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但A组和B组、B组和C组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CCTA在Flash模式下,低电压、低浓度碘对比剂联合SAFIRE技术的图像质量能满足诊断要求,而且能显著降低患者辐射剂量和不良反应发生.     

Stress MR imaging for evaluation of popliteal artery entrapment

The popliteal artery entrapment (PAE) syndrome has been recognized as a cause of arterial occlusion in young people. It is the result of an anomaly of the relationship between the popliteal artery and the gastrocnemius muscle. Eight young healthy volunteers (16 legs) and six patients (10 legs) with suspected PAE underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Gradient-echo images were obtained in axial planes with the leg at rest and during active plantar flexion against resistance. Imaging at rest allowed identification of PAE signs in only one leg, which had an anomalous medial course of the popliteal artery. In the other cases, only the stress technique was able to show signal loss in the popliteal artery due to muscular compression (two legs) or the presence of accessory muscle slip around the vessel (two legs), as confirmed at surgery. MR imaging is therefore a useful technique for the diagnosis of PAE because of its capability of combining information obtainable with other modalities.     

MR imaging of muscle and tender points in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome manifested by chronic, diffuse muscu-loskeletal aching and soreness, palpable muscle tender points, and other symptoms. Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been developed. Skeletal muscle has been postulated as the end organ in this disease. Biochemical, histologic, electromyographic, and conventional radiographic studies have demonstrated no definitive abnormality. This study sought to establish whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could demonstrate any abnormality in these patients. Eighteen patients were entered in the study, 14 of whom were able to complete their examinations. T1 -weighted, T2-weighted, gradient-echo, and STIR (short-tau inversion-recovery) sequences were performed in all patients, with selected patients examined with T1weighted, gadopentetate dimeglu-mine-enhanced sequences. The trapezius and suboccipital regions were imaged in patients who, clinically, had active fibro-myalgia. No abnormalities could be detected. The authors conclude that the conventional MR imaging used in this study was unable to depict any primary skeletal muscle abnormality in fibromyalgia.     

Uterine contractions: Possible diagnostic pitfall at MR imaging

A total of 206 nongravid patients with various gynecologic problems underwent pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) examinations that included both sagittal T2-weighted and contrast agent–enhanced T1-weighted images. MR images were retrospectively reviewed to identify changes in endometrial configuration on serial images obtained during the same MR examination. In 20 MR examinations (all in women of reproductive age), endometrial distortion due to myometrial bulging was noted on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. It was absent on other MR images obtained at different times. Myometrial bulging exhibited low signal intensity in 18 examinations. The finding resembled adenomyosis or leiomyoma on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. These results evidence the presence of transient myometrial bulging and transient low-intensity myometrium in the nongravid uterus. This phenomenon is thought to represent uterine contraction. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of transient low-signal-intensity myometrial bulging that could present diagnostic problems in the normal uterus.     

Controversies in cervical spine imaging in trauma patients

No area of emergency radiology has generated as much discussion in recent years as the subject of cervical spine imaging for trauma patients. This review will be in three parts. The first will examine the indications for cervical imaging and will focus on those factors that make patients at high risk or low risk for cervical injury. The second part will discuss the merits of radiography and computed tomography as the main screening diagnostic examination. In addition to the roles of each modality in the evaluation process, such factors as efficacy of diagnosis, time (duration) of study, and cost will be discussed. Finally, the third part will explore the methods currently employed to clear the cervical spine in comatose patients.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Emergency Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada, 22–25 October, 2003     

Brodie Abscess: MR imaging appearance in 10 patients

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Brodie abscess have not yet been fully evaluated. Ten patients with Brodie abscess, eight of long bone and two of vertebra, were studied with MR imaging. Long bone abscess had a characteristic “target” appearance with four layers: (a) a center with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR (short-inversion-time inversion recovery) images, (b) an inner ring isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and with high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, (c) an outer ring hypoin-tense on all images, and (d) a peripheral halo hypointense on T1-weighted images. In six of eight cases, a soft-tissue mass was found. The two vertebral abscesses had a less specific appearance, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images. Only the peripheral halo was clearly identified in both cases.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of vascularized free fibular grafts

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be a noninvasive method for assessing perfusion of vascularized bone grafts placed for treatment of avascular necrosis. One proximal femur of seven beagles was devascularized, with insertion of a vascularized fibular graft. MR imaging at 1 week (seven dogs) and 6 weeks (five dogs) after surgery included pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences, unenhanced twodimensional time-of-flight (TOF) vascular imaging, and dynamic gradient-echo imaging during infusion of gadolinium. Relative signal intensity values of selected regions obtained from the dynamic gradientecho images were plotted as percent enhancement versus time. In the operated hip, MR imaging did not show enhancement in six of seven femoral heads and greater trochanters at 1 week after surgery, with similar results after 6 weeks. MR imaging of fibular grafts 6 weeks after surgery showed an initial rapid increase in enhancement and a subsequent slower increase in five of five dogs, although no enhancement was seen in six of seven dogs at 1 week. These findings contrasted with a rapid initial increase in enhancement followed by slow decline in non-operated hips. Two-dimensional TOP imaging did not show the vascular pedicle of the graft in any dog. Findings of radionuclide bone scanning performed 1 week after surgery were consistent with devascularization of the operated femur and fibular graft. However, tetracycline distribution and histologic findings confirmed the viability of five of five grafts within the devascularized femurs 6 weeks after surgery. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 6 weeks after surgery is valuable for assessing vascular bone graft perfusion, while similar imaging at 1 week may suggest otherwise.     

Right-side aortic arch with aneurysm of aberrant left subclavian artery: MR imaging appearance.

Reports of aneurysms of the subclavian artery in both normal and anomalous aortic arches have been rare. The authors describe a patient with a right-side aortic arch and an aneurysm of the aberrant left subclavian artery, which, to the authors' knowledge, is a previously unreported association. At presentation, the aneurysm appeared as a calcified left superior mediastinal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging enabled preoperative diagnosis and guided surgical planning.     

Adrenal tissue characterization with 0.5-T MR imaging: Value of T2*-weighted images

The authors investigated the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.5 T for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. The series included 23 adrenal adenomas (18 nonhyperfunctioning, five hyperfunctioning) and 23 adrenal metastases from various organs. Adrenal tumor–liver signal intensity ratios on T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were calculated for adrenal tissue characterization. Adrenal adenomas were more precisely distinguished from adrenal metastases on T2*-weighted images (21 of 23, 91%) than on T2-weighted images (15 of 23, 65%). T1-weighted images were not useful for this distinction. In conclusion, T2*-weighted images were better than routine T2-weighted images for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. It can be postulated that the total signal intensity of adrenal adenomas, which contain some fat components, decreased on T2*-weighted images because of an out-of-phase effect.     

MR angiography of congenital heart disease: Value of segmented two-dimensional inflow technique and maximum-intensity-projection display

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the cardiovascular system was evaluated in 41 patients with congenital heart disease by using a two-dimensional (2D) inflow technique based on a magnetization-prepared gradient-echo pulse sequence with segmented k-space data acquisition and electrocardiographic gating at 0.5 T. Inversion and saturation prepulses were used to suppress stationary tissue and enhance intravascular signal. Presaturation slabs were applied where certain vascular structures had to be suppressed. Sequence parameters were optimized by evaluating signal intensity and contrast characteristics for various flip angles and inversion and saturation delay times. The heart and intrathoracic vasculature were encompassed with 40–50 overlapping sections. Both 2D angiograms and maximum-intensity-projection images were evaluated. Combining data sets acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientations provided the most satisfactory information about the pulmonary arteries. The highest signal-to-noise ratios were obtained with a flip angle of 65° and short prepulse delay times. Two-dimensional MR angiography can provide useful diagnostic information but requires a thorough understanding of in-plane and hemodynamically induced signal intensity changes.