老年男性2型糖尿病患者血清护骨素水平与骨密度的关系

目的 研究老年男性2型糖尿病患者的血清护骨素水平,并探讨其与骨密度的关系.方法 收集老年男性2型糖尿病患者58例和对照组25例,测定血清护骨素水平,同时检测腰椎和左侧股骨近端骨密度.根据骨密度结果将糖尿病患者分为骨量正常组、骨量减低组和骨质疏松组.结果 糖尿病组的护骨素水平较对照组升高(P＜0.01).糖尿病三组间的护骨素水平无明显差别.护骨素与年龄呈正相关,与腰椎和股骨近端骨密度无明显相关.结论 没有证据显示老年男性2型糖尿病患者的护骨素水平与骨密度有关.     

应用血管回声跟踪技术对2型糖尿病患者股动脉血管弹性及血流动力学的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者股动脉血管弹性及下肢血流动力学的变化.方法 应用血管回声跟踪( echo-tracking,ET)技术,采集30例正常人和54例2型糖尿病患者的股动脉的二维超声图像,测量双侧股动脉内中膜厚度(IMT);应用脉冲多普勒技术(PW)测量股动脉血流阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI);应用ET技术检测弹性指标β.结果 按照IMT是否＜1.0mm分组后显示:糖尿病IMT＜ 1.0mm组及糖尿病IMT≥1.0mm组的股动脉血流动力学参数RI、PI及弹性指标β均较对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);糖尿病IMT≥1.0mm组的股动脉血流动力学参数RI、PI及弹性指标β较糖尿病IMT＜ 1.0mm组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 糖尿病患者下肢动脉在动脉粥样硬化的形态学改变出现之前,血管壁弹性功能已降低,且影响血流动力学,有可能造成外周组织血液供应不良.     

老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉钙化与骨质疏松的关系

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉钙化斑块与骨量变化之间的关系。方法 选择老年2型糖尿病患者71例，均行双能X线骨密度测定和双侧颈动脉彩色多普勒检查，并进行各项生化指标检测。结果 老年2型糖尿病颈动脉钙化斑块组与无钙化斑块组之间，骨密度差异无统计学意义。骨量正常、骨量减少及骨质疏松3级骨量构成比比较差异亦无统计学意义。结论 老年2型糖尿病患者中，颈动脉钙化尚不能成为骨量变化的独立影响因子。     

老年2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,HCY)与动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法:测定42例老年2型糖尿病患者和62例正常老年人的血浆HCY水平、颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)以及颈动脉(Carotid)、股动脉(Femoral)的斑块(Plaque)发生率.结果:糖尿病组血浆HCY水平明显高于对照组(P均＜0.01),颈动脉IMT及斑块发生率较对照组明显增加(P均＜0.05),其中合并早期糖尿病肾病者(IDN)与无并发症者(NIDN)相比,血浆HCY水平、颈动脉IMT及斑块发生率增加更明显(P均＜0.05).结论:血浆HCY升高可能是老年糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素之一,并与糖尿病微血管病变的发生有关.     

46例老年妇女糖尿病患者的骨量改变

目的研究Ⅱ型糖尿病时的老年妇女骨密度变化。方法应用单光子骨矿物密度仪测量46例老年妇女Ⅱ型糖尿病患者及122例健康对照者的尺桡骨密度(BMD)。结果Ⅱ型糖尿病组BMD较对照组高(P＜0.05)。两组骨量减少检出率无显著性差异。年龄、绝经年限与糖尿病患者BMD呈负相关(P＜0.01)。糖尿病骨量减少组的视网膜病变、肾病例数显著高于骨量正常组。而血清胰岛素(INS)水平显著低于骨量正常组(P＜0.01)。结论老年妇女Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的BMD是增高的。     

仙灵骨葆防治糖尿病性骨质疏松症的临床观察

目的 观察仙灵骨葆治疗糖尿病性骨质疏松症的临床疗效.方法 将120例糖尿病性骨质疏松的患者随机分为两组.对照组口服碳酸钙维生素D片（钙尔奇D）600 mg·d^-1,实验组在此基础上加服仙灵骨葆每日3次,一次2粒.记录治疗前后临床症状的积分和骨密度的变化.结果 实验组和对照组治疗后症状积分均明显降低（P＜0.01）,实验组症状缓解较对照组明显（P＜0.05）.实验组腰椎、股骨颈骨密度较对照组明显提高（P＜0.01）.结论 仙灵骨葆可有效提高糖尿病性骨质疏松症患者的骨密度和改善其临床症状,能有效治疗糖尿病性骨质疏松症.     

老年原发性高血压患者动态脉压与高敏C反应蛋白以及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)患者动态脉压(PP)与血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)以及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的关系.方法 选择老年EH患者190例,对入选者行动态血压监测,测定血清hs-CRP浓度,并行颈动脉血管超声检查.按动态脉压水平分为三组:PP 1组[PP≤45 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)];PP 2组(45 mm Hg＜PP＜65 mm Hg);PP 3组(PP≥65 mm Hg).据斑块的分级标准分为:0级、Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级共四组.结果 高脉压组的hs-CRP和IMT水平均高于低脉压组(P＜0.05).随着脉压增大,斑块检出率、Ⅱ级及以上斑块发生率均明显升高(P＜0.05).斑块高级别组hs-CRP和IMT显著高于斑块低级别组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并且IMT与PP及hs-CRP呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.673和0.622(P均＜0.01).进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析显示PP、SBP及hs-CRP与IMT增厚呈正相关.结论 动态脉压及高敏C-反应蛋白水平与老年EH患者颈动脉粥样硬化的发病密切相关,其机制可能与炎症反应有关.     

老年高血压病患者动态血压昼夜节律与颈动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨老年高血压病患者血压昼夜节律与颈动脉粥样硬化间的关系.方法采用无创动态血压仪对90例老年高血压患者进行24h动态血压监测,并按动态血压结果分为勺形与非勺形组;同时采用B型超声诊断仪测量患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)及动脉粥样斑块.结果非勺形组患者IMT(1.14±0.17mm)较勺形组患者IMT(1.01±0.19mm)增厚(t=3.55,P＜0.01);非勺形组患者颈动脉粥样斑块发生率(55.56%)较勺形组患者(28.89%)明显增加(X2=6.54,P＜0.05).结论老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律影响颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块的形成.     

彩超检测60例2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块分析

目的 探讨彩超在检测老年糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的价值。方法 通过彩超检查60例老年2型糖尿病患者的颈动脉直径,检测有无斑块,并测量颈动脉内径及内-中膜厚度（IMT）,与60例老年健康对照组患者进行比较。结果 糖尿病组60例患者中,50例有不同程度的颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,12例出现中度及以上血管狭窄,对照组60例患者中,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块10例,仅1例出现中度血管狭窄,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 彩色多普勒超声检查老年糖尿病患者的颈动脉粥样硬化情况具有重要的临床意义。     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化危险因素分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与其危险因素的关系。方法用菲利浦7500型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对109例2型糖尿病患者双侧颈动脉进行检查,根据颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)及观察颈动脉有无斑块,分成A组(颈动脉IMT1.0mm及无颈动脉斑块)及B组(颈动脉IMT≥1.0mm和/或颈动脉斑块),记录年龄、体重指数、糖尿病病程;测定血糖、血压、血脂、血尿酸、纤维蛋白原。结果两组年龄、收缩压、血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸、颈动脉内中膜厚度差异有统计学意义(P0.01或0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明,年龄(B=0.052,P0.05)、收缩压(B=0.029,P0.05)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(B=1.771,P0.01)、血尿酸(B=0.006,P0.05)是其独立危险因素。结论年龄、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸是2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.