高危型人乳头瘤病毒负荷量与宫颈病变的关系研究

目的:研究高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)病毒负荷量与不同级别宫颈病变的关系。方法:收集慢性宫颈炎102例,CINⅠ104例,CINⅡ120例,CINⅢ109例,宫颈癌94例,HC-Ⅱ法检测高危型HPV病毒负荷量。结果:慢性宫颈炎、CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、宫颈癌高危型HPV感染率分别为41.18%、82.69%、89.17%、96.33%、91.49%,负荷量中位数分别为0.77 pg/ml、18.83 pg/ml、102.07 pg/ml、254.16 pg/ml、213.59 pg/ml,不同级别宫颈病变间的高危型HPV感染率及负荷量差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。6层高危型HPV病毒负荷量分层间不同宫颈病变程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),但当剔除病毒负荷量5 pg/ml的病例时,差异则无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高危型HPV病毒负荷量与宫颈病变程度的关系不明显。     

人乳头瘤病毒基因亚型分布及与宫颈病变关系分析

目的:探讨女性HPV感染率和基因亚型分布,分析其与宫颈病变的关系.方法:收集四川大学华西第二医院2011年9月至2012年8月妇科就诊29832例女性患者的宫颈脱落细胞进行HPV基因分型检测.对2398例同时具有宫颈活检组织病理诊断结果的患者进行分组,包括慢性宫颈炎症组599例;CIN Ⅰ组437例;CINⅡ/Ⅲ组906例(CINⅡ338例,CINⅢ568例);宫颈癌组456例.结果:HPV感染率为25.20％(7518/29832),其中高危型HPV、低危型HPV、HPV多重感染率分别为21.03％(6275/29832)、4.17％(1243/29832)、5.94％(1772/29832).常见的高危型HPV为HPV16、58、33、52、18.随着年龄增加,HPV感染率呈现增高趋势.随着宫颈病变的严重程度增加,HPV感染率增高.所有宫颈病变中,常见的高危型HPV由高至低依次为HPV16、58、33、18、52;在宫颈癌组中为HPV16、18、58、33、52;在CINⅡ/Ⅲ组为16、58、33、52、18.在HPV阳性的不同程度宫颈病变中均以单一感染为主,除慢性宫颈炎组外,单一感染的比例随宫颈病变程度增加而增加.结论:本研究最常见的高危型HPV为16、58、33、52、18,与其他地区相比存在一定的地区差异.HPV感染率随年龄增加呈现增高趋势.在不同宫颈病变中,HPV的型别分布有所不同,单一感染可能更易导致宫颈癌的发生.     

P16和Ki-67在宫颈上皮内瘤变组织中的表达及意义

目的研究P16和Ki-67在宫颈上皮内瘤变组织中的表达及与高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的关系和临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测2005年9月至2007年8月间广东省人民医院40例正常宫颈组织、103例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及56例宫颈浸润癌中P16和Ki-67的表达,并采用第二代杂交捕获试验(HC-Ⅱ)检测高危型HPVDNA。结果P16和Ki-67的表达强度与CIN的严重程度分别呈正相关(P<0.01)。P16和Ki-67在CINⅡ、CINⅢ、宫颈鳞癌及腺癌中表达呈阳性至强阳性的比例,明显高于正常宫颈组织及CINⅠ,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高危型HPV感染阳性率88.9%(177/199),其中正常宫颈42.5%、CINⅠ87.5%、CINⅡ与CINⅢ均100%、宫颈鳞癌98.0%、腺癌60.0%。高危型HPVDNA负荷量与P16、Ki-67的表达强度分别呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论P16和Ki-67的表达强度与CIN的严重程度以及高危型HPVDNA负荷量密切相关;P16和Ki-67可作为诊断CINⅡ及CINⅢ的重要辅助指标。     

组蛋白H3乙酰化和HPV感染的相关性及其对CINⅠ转归的影响

目的:探讨组蛋白H3乙酰化状态与宫颈HPV感染的相关性,及其分别与CINⅠ级转归的关系。方法:(1)选择2006年1月～2008年1月我院治疗的正常宫颈、CINⅠ、CINⅡ～Ⅲ、宫颈癌组织各30例,用免疫组化技术检测其组蛋白H3乙酰化表达水平;(2)对2006年1月～2008年1月仁济医院阴道镜下活检确诊为CINⅠ级的161例患者,用免疫组化技术检测组织中组蛋白H3乙酰化表达的水平,采用凯普技术检测宫颈HPV感染分型。结果:(1)CIN病变组组蛋白H3乙酰化水平与正常宫颈组和宫颈癌组的差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。CINⅠ和CINⅡ～Ⅲ组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)组蛋白H3乙酰化表达水平增加,进展为CINⅡ级以上的发生率进行性升高,(+++)组最高达80%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)宫颈高危型HPV16/18感染的CINⅠ级,其组蛋白H3乙酰化表达水平明显高于低危型和非16/18高危型(P0.05);进展为CINⅡ级以上发生率与低危型和非16/18高危型的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)不同的治疗方案对CINI级转归的影响不同,LEEP术后随访6月无1例复发,HPV转阴率77.94%(P0.05)。结论:组蛋白H3乙酰化水平和HPV感染类型与CINI级转归密切相关。     

HPV亚型在宫颈疾病中的分布特点

目的:探讨HPV亚型在宫颈疾病谱中,即从正常宫颈(慢性宫颈炎)、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CINⅠ、CINⅡ和CINⅢ)到宫颈癌连续发展中的分布特点。方法:回顾分析2005年6月～2008年6月在我院妇科因宫颈疾病就诊的189例患者HPV亚型检测的结果。结果:HPV总感染率56.1%(106/189),复合感染率22.6%(24/106)。正常者HPV感染率19.1%(12/63),检测到的HPV亚型主要是HPV52,58,53,16和33。CINⅠ者HPV感染率57.9%(22/38),最常见的HPV亚型是HPV52,其次是HPV58,16,33和18。CINⅡ者HPV感染率70.5%(31/44),HPV52,16,58,33和18等亚型最常见。CINⅢ者HPV感染率89.3%(25/28),HPV亚型以HPV16,52,58,31,33为主。宫颈癌患者,HPV阳性率100%(16/16),HPV16检测率最高,其次是HPV18,52,58和33。结论:宫颈疾病谱中最常见的高危型HPV亚型是HPV16。不同宫颈病变中HPV亚型感染的差异可能反映了其潜在转归能力,同时提示临床医师应关注宫颈疾病患者高危HPV亚型情况。     

人乳头瘤病毒检测与薄层液基细胞学技术在宫颈癌筛查中的应用

目的:了解青岛市崂山区妇女生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况,探讨HPV DNA检测(HC2)与薄层液基细胞学技术(LCT)在宫颈癌筛查中的应用。方法:以崂山区35~64岁妇女为研究对象,8000例行LCT检测,对LCT≥宫颈不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASC-US)的女性进行阴道镜检查及宫颈活体组织检查;3633例行HPV联合LCT检测,对HPV(+)且LCT≥ASC-US,以及LCT(-)但HPV高负荷量(HPV≥1000pg/ml且年龄40岁或HPV≥100pg/ml且年龄≥40岁)的女性进行阴道镜检查及宫颈活体组织检查。两组均以组织病理学结果为最终诊断。结果:LCT组中133例行病理检查:18例CINⅠ、18例CINⅡ、19例CINⅢ、19例宫颈癌,CINⅡ+检出率为0.7%。HPV联合LCT组中,HPV阳性检出率为13.16%;98例行病理检查,其中HPV(+)且LCT≥ASC-US的病理检查67例,LCT(-)但HPV高负荷量者病理检查31例。病理结果:22例CINⅠ、6例CINⅡ、17例CINⅢ、10例宫颈癌,CINⅡ+检出率为0.9%。HPV联合LCT组的病理阳性检出率(1.51%)明显高于LCT组(0.93%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HPV联合LCT法进行宫颈癌筛查有助于发现宫颈病变高危人群,降低单独采用细胞学进行筛查的漏诊率,值得临床推广应用。     

高危型HPV负荷量与宫颈癌及其前期病变关系的研究

目的:探讨高危型HPV负荷量与宫颈癌及其前期病变的关系。方法:对2005年1月至2006年12月于本院行宫颈癌筛查的1221例患者临床资料进行统计分析,观察高危型HPV负荷量和宫颈癌及其前期病变的关系,并用ROC曲线分析,确定HC-Ⅱ法检测高危型HPV-DNA判断宫颈病变≥CINⅡ理想的RLU/CO界值。结果:1221例患者组织学诊断为慢性宫颈粘膜炎667例,CIN407例(其中CINⅠ109例、CINⅡ～Ⅲ298例),宫颈癌147例。慢性宫颈炎、CINⅠ、CINⅡ～Ⅲ和宫颈癌患者高危HPV-DNA负荷量的中位数分别为32.58,58.16,103.83和173.68。根据ROC曲线,统计结果中各可能切点的灵敏度和特异度,发现确定预测≥CINⅡ宫颈病变最佳RLU/CO值为3.155,该点灵敏度88%,特异度57%,Youden指数0.446。结论:高危型HPV负荷量与宫颈癌及其前期病变存在明显相关性,预测≥CINⅡ宫颈病变高危HPV负荷量最佳值为3.155。     

子宫颈癌组织中人乳头状瘤病毒16 E6 mRNA表达与survivin蛋白表达的相关性

目的探讨宫颈癌组织中人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)16E6mRNA表达与survivin蛋白表达的相关性。方法采用半定量PCR技术和免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连接法,检测慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及宫颈癌共148例患者宫颈组织中HPV16E6mRNA及survivin蛋白的表达。结果148例患者中,HPV16阳性共37例,其中慢性宫颈炎5例、CINⅠ6例、CINⅡ～Ⅲ11例及宫颈癌15例。慢性宫颈炎、CINⅠ、CINⅡ～Ⅲ及宫颈癌组织中,HPV16E6mRNA的表达水平分别为0.3±0.4、0.6±0.4、1.8±0.6及2.4±0.6;survivin蛋白阳性表达率分别为7%、31%、63%及84%。CINⅡ～Ⅲ及宫颈癌组织中,HPV16E6mRNA的表达水平及survivin蛋白阳性表达率均显著高于慢性宫颈炎及CINⅠ组织,两者比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。宫颈癌组织中,HPV16E6mRNA的表达水平与survivin蛋白阳性表达率呈显著正相关关系(γs=0.62,P<0.05)。结论HPV16E6mRNA的表达水平与宫颈病变的进展有关,survivin蛋白阳性表达率升高可能与宫颈癌的发生、发展密切相关。     

miR-218下调与宫颈上皮内瘤变患者HPV病毒感染关系的研究

目的:探讨小分子RNA-218(miR-218)下调与宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的关系。方法:选择78例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者,其中CINⅠ22例(28.2%),CINⅡ27例(34.6%),CINⅢ29例(37.2%),逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测miR-218的表达,GenoArray测试工具包检测组织标本中HPV的表达。结果:miR-218在高危型HPV感染患者中的含量低于低危型HPV感染者,CINⅡ、Ⅲ患者miR-218含量比CINⅠ患者低。结论:高危型HPV感染患者中miR-218表达降低,提示miR-218可能是宫颈癌发生的重要因素。     

年轻妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组织中p16~(InK4a)和Ki67的表达及意义

目的:探讨年轻妇女宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组织中细胞周期抑制因子p16InK4a蛋白及细胞增殖活性相关抗体Ki67的表达及与病变级别的相关性。方法:选取2010年在北京大学第一医院妇产科门诊就诊、年龄小于35岁,经阴道镜活检病理诊断为CINⅠ及CINⅡ级的病例56例,对其阴道活检组织及宫颈环形电切除术(LEEP)后组织之石蜡切片,进行p16InK4a及Ki67免疫组织化学染色检测其表达。结果:①阴道镜宫颈活检组织的CINⅠ及CINⅡ中p16InK4a阳性表达率分别为30.0%、80.6%,Ki67阳性表达率分别为20.0%,77.8%,CINⅡ级病变组织中p16InK4a及Ki67阳性表达率高于CINⅠ级,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。②阴道镜宫颈活检组织标本及LEEP组织标本不同级别CIN病变组织中,p16InK4a及Ki67的阳性表达率存在差异(均P0.001);p16InK4a及Ki67的阳性表达率与病变级别呈正相关(r=0.644,r=0.645)。结论:p16InK4a及Ki67在年轻妇女CINⅠ~Ⅱ级组织中均有表达,且p16InK4a及Ki67阳性表达与CIN级别相关,可在CIN病理分级中提供参考。     

子宫颈癌微卫星不稳定性和HPV感染的研究

目的　探讨微卫星不稳定性 (microsatelliteinstability ,MI)及人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)感染与宫颈癌的相关性。方法　 2 2例宫颈浸润性鳞癌石蜡标本 ,选取 3、 5、 6号染色体上的 3个微卫星位点D3S1 2 89、D5S4 0 6、D6S2 77进行MI分析 ;选用HPV 1 6 / 1 8型特异引物进行HPV检测 ;应用免疫组化法检测Ki6 7蛋白的表达。结果　在宫颈癌标本中 3个位点均未发现MI和杂合性缺失 (LOH)的改变 ;HPV1 6 / 1 8检出率为 77 3% ,Ki6 7指数明显高于对照组。结论　 3个微卫星位点未见MI和LOH的改变 ,与国外报道不同 ,可能与种族差异有关。HPV分型及Ki6 7蛋白表达的检测有助于宫颈病变的评价     

Detection of HPV DNA in the uterine cervical lesions by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in close association with carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix. We applied a new in vitro gene amplification technology, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV 16 and 18 in cervical exfoliated cells. HPV infections were detected in 5 (16%) of 31 women with no pathological lesions of the uterine cervix (normal), 16 (24%) of 67 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 6 (38%) of 16 with invasive cervical cancer. Moreover, 10% formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections were prepared from the uterine cervix of these 27 women with PCR-proven HPV infection and were examined for the histological localization of HPV-DNA by in situ hybridization with biotin-labeled DNA probes of HPV types 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33/35. HPV-DNA type 16/18 was detected in 3 of 5 normal women, 2 of 4 CINs I, 2 of 3 CINs II, 6 of 9 CINs III and 6 of 6 invasive cervical cancers. HPV-DNA type 6/11 was detected in 6 of 6 condylomas. Viral DNA sequence was detected in the superficial cells of CIN I and II, and it was distributed through entire thickness layer of undifferentiated cells derived from CIN III and squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, the staining intensity became weak as the lesion progressed. These differences between lesions might be due to the difference in the viral form in the nuclei, ie whether an episomal or integrated form. Thus, an in situ hybridization technique with a biotin-labeled DNA probe as well as the PCR method is useful for the detection of HPV in clinical samples.     

The role of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in cervical cancer development.

Previous Chlamydia trachomatis infection elevates expression of: 1. TGFalpha in CIN I, CIN II, CIN III; 2. HPV 16 in CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and invasive carcinoma; 3. Ki 67 in CIN III and invasive carcinoma. Chronic Chlamydial infection is very often associated with cervical hypertrophy.     

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma

We analyzed 149 women (81 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and with invasive carcinoma of the cervix and 68--as a control group). The influence of Chlamydia trachomatis (Cht) infection into expression of EGFR, TGF-alpha, Ki 67, HPV 16 and 18 was examined. IS-PCR was used to measure the level of antibodies in the serum. We detected that chlamydial infection may cause cervical hypertrophy in women with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma. Infections of both Cht and HPV correlate with high expession of Ki 67 in epithelium. Cht infection also increased the expression of HPV16 in CIN I. These results suggest that Cht infection modifies the activity of viruses. In our research we have confimed that Cht infection increases the expression of EGFR and TGF-alpha. These facts may explain variants other than the HPV-mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis.     

Detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus type 16, 18 and 52 DNA in the peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the feasibility of detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16, 18 and 52 DNA in the peripheral blood of patients with cervical cancer using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to determine its prognostic importance. METHODS: Blood and cervical swab specimens from 135 consecutive patients with 60 invasive cervical cancers, 10 microinvasions, 20 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) III, 10 CIN II, 10 CIN I and 25 controls were collected and examined for HPV type 16, 18 and 52 DNA using real-time PCR to investigate the prevalence and viral load of HPV DNA at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up in patients with positive blood samples. RESULTS: Of the 60 patients with invasive cervical cancer, 27% had positive test results for HPV DNA in blood samples in contrast to 0% of patients with microinvasions, CIN III, CIN II, CIN I and normal controls. The DNA detection rates of viral subtypes in blood samples of cervical cancer patients were 5% for HPV-16, 16.7% for HPV-18, 8.3% for HPV-52, 1.7% for both HPV-16 and HPV-18 and 1.7% for both HPV-18 and HPV-52, while the detection rates in cervical swab specimens were 36.2% for HPV-16, 15.5% for HPV-18 and 17.2% for HPV-52. During follow-up, 8 of 10 cervical cancer patients with viral DNA detected in blood within 3 months after treatment had recurrence, and a high percentage (87.5%, 7/8) of this recurrence involved distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, real-time PCR detected HPV-16, -18 or -52 DNA in the peripheral blood of more than one-fourth of invasive cervical cancer patients. The association between risk of cancer recurrence and the amount of viral DNA detected in blood among cervical cancer patients after treatment is intriguing and deserves further investigation.     

Diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection: punch biopsy versus cervical smear

Summary In 102 patients referred to our colposcopy clinic because of one to three Papanicolaou smears indicating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and/or abnormal colposcopy, routine smears and colposcopically directed punch biopsies were taken simultaneously. For detection and typing of human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA in situ hybridization was performed in all biopsies and in 46 of the cervical smears. In cases of dysplastic lesions the number of HPV 16/18 (40.5%) and 31/33 (42.9%) was markedly higher than HPV 6/11 (16.6%) infection rate. In cases where simultaneous in situ hybridization in biopsy specimen and cervical smears was performed 21.7% showed a HPV negative smear and a positive biopsy, in 6.5% the results were the other way round. In 34.9% of cases with CIN I and 9.5% of cases with CIN II verified by punch biopsy the cytological smear did not indicate dysplasia. Our data show that mild and moderate CIN lesions of the cervix as well as HPV infection are detected more frequently by a combination of cervical smear and colposcopically directed punch biopsy than by cervical smear alone.     

Evaluation of adenoassociated virus 2 and human papilloma virus 16 and 18 infection in cervical cancer biopsies

OBJECTIVE: Protective roles of adenoassociated virus (AAV) 2 in cervical tumorigenesis are controversial. In an effort to clarify this issue, we tested prevalence of AAV 2 and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical lesions and adjacent normal tissues. METHODS: Tissues of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) I (20 patients), CIN II (24 patients), CIN III (25 patients), and invasive cancer (23 patients) were investigated by microdissection and PCR using HPV-16-, HVP-18-, and AAV-2-specific primers. RESULTS: AAV 2 was detected in 11 out of 20 CIN I (55%), 21 out of 24 CIN II (84.5%), 13 out of 25 CIN III (52%), and 12 out of 23 invasive cancer cases (52.2%). However, HPV 16 was detected in none out of 20 CIN I, 2 out of 24 CIN II (8.3%), 6 out of 25 CIN III (24%), and 6 out of 23 invasive cancer cases (26.1%). HPV 18 was detected in 1 case in CIN II (4.2%) and 2 cases in CIN III (8%). In 92 perilesional normal tissues, AAV 2 was detected in 53 cases (57.6%), displaying 25% of CIN I, 83.3% of CIN II, 52% of CIN III, and 65.2% of invasive cancer. CONCLUSION:The differences in AAV 2 prevalence are not significant between CIN and normal tissues. However, differences in HPV 16 are significant in CIN III and invasive cancer, as compared to CIN I, CIN II, and normal, suggesting no significant correlation between AAV 2 and cervical cancer. Thus, these results support the notion that AAV 2 is not associated with cervical tumorigenesis.     

Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical tissue. Retrospective analysis of 855 cervical biopsies

The histopathologic features of 855 cervical biopsies were correlated with the presence of human papillomavirus DNA using in situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin labeled type specific probes for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 51. HPV-DNA was found in 18% (13/72) of cervical intraeptihelial neoplasia I (CIN I), 30% (35/115) of CIN II, 28% (57(206) of CIN III, in 84% (21/25) of flat condyloma and in 13% (15/112) of normal cervical tissue. HPV DNA was detectable in 11% (5/46) of cervical adenocarcinoma and in 21% (59/279) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. High risk HPV types were identified more often than low risk HPV types in CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and SCC. HPV type 16/18 predominates over HPV type 31/33/51 in CIN I, flat condyloma and in SCC. The prevalence of HPV was strongly associated with the grade of differentiation of SCC. It was identified in 59% (23/39) of well differentiated SCC, in 18% (25/142) of moderately differentiated and in 11% (11/98) of poorly differentiated SCC. Received: 29 March 1996 / Accepted: 15. August 1996     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in human cervical lesions by tissue in situ nucleic acid hybridization

Cervical cancer is one of the most common female cancers in Taiwan. Certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are frequently detected in the epithelial precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix. By the use of tissue in situ hybridization, we investigated the relationship of various types of HPV (group I, HPV-6 & 11, group II, HPV-16 & 18, group III, HPV-31, 33 & 35) with cervical condyloma, carcinoma as well as precancerous lesions. Group I HPV DNAs were mainly found in cervical condylomatous lesions (2/2) of the cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I) (2/4), but were only occasionally found in CIN II (1/4), CIN III (1/9) or non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma (1/15). HPV DNAs of groups II and III were mainly detected in lesions of CIN III (5/9) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (large cell, keratinized type: 4/7; large cell, non-keratinized type: 11/15). HPV DNA sequences were invariably detectable only in the cell nuclei of condyloma or dysplastic epithelium or invasive carcinoma. However, they could not only be detected in the upper layer dysplastic cells and koilocytes but also in the well and poorly differentiated cervical cancer cells. The distribution of HPV DNA positive cells in the carcinomas fell into four different patterns: (1) upper zone and non-invasive regions of the carcinoma (11/22, 50%), (2) basal zone and invasive regions (2/22, 9%), (3) randomly scattered (7/22, 32%), and (4) extensively distributed over the whole tumor lesions (2/22, 9%). Thus, our results are consistent with a strong correlation between the presence of HPV-16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 and malignant conversion of cervical epithelial cells.     

Human papillomavirus DNA in adenocarcinoma in situ, microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, and coexisting cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia

Previously, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, mainly HPV-18 DNA, was detected in more than 40% (17/40 cases) of invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix in our laboratory. In order to identify HPV DNA in the precursor lesions of adenocarcinoma of the cervix, 11 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ containing microinvasive adenocarcinoma and 10 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ were studied for the presence of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization using highly sensitive 3H-labeled HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA probes. HPV types present in cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) coexisting with adenocarcinoma in situ and microinvasive adenocarcinoma were also studied. Apart from the coexisting CIN II-III with glandular neoplasms, 48 cases of CIN III (severe dysplasia and squamous carcinoma in situ) removed by conization or hysterectomy and known to be free of adenocarcinoma were used for comparison. HPV DNA was detected in 64% of microinvasive adenocarcinoma, 70% of adenocarcinoma in situ, and 63% of the control CIN III. HPV-18 DNA was the preponderant type of HPV DNA found in adenocarcinoma in situ and microinvasive adenocarcinoma. All cases of HPV DNA-positive microinvasive adenocarcinoma contained the same type of HPV DNA as the lesions of coexisting adenocarcinoma in situ. CIN coexisting with microinvasive adenocarcinoma or adenocarcinoma in situ contained the same type of HPV as identified in the glandular lesions, whereas all of the HPV DNA-positive control CIN III cases contained HPV-16 DNA. These results suggest that adenocarcinoma in situ is a precursor lesion of adenocarcinoma of the cervix that contains HPV DNA, and that CIN coexisting with adenocarcinoma may be a result of a metaplastic process of adenocarcinoma or of bidirectional differentiation of the affected reserve cells.