帕金森氏病人头发,血清中微量元素含量的研究（附74例分析）

从１９８８年以来我们对７４例帕金森氏病人的头发和血清中微量元素含量研究并与５４例正常对照组对比，检测的结果发现ＰＤ病人头发铜、锌、铁、锰低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。病人血清铜、锌、锰也低于对照组。血清铜、锰含量随病情加重而递减，且有剂量效应关系。血清与头发相关性分析无相关关系（Ｐ＞０．０５）。其结果说明ＰＤ的发病原因与体内微量元素代谢缺陷可能有关系。     

357例癫痫发作期患者头发微量元素测定及临床意义

为探讨人体头发微量元素的变化与癫痫发作之间的关系,收集测定357例癫痫发作期患头发微量元素钙、镁、铜、铁、锌的含量,并与选自居住或生活在同一地区,性别、年龄相应的健康正常人540例作对比。结果,患组与对照组相比较;钙、镁、锌含量均低,且统计学有极显差异（p<0.01）;铜含量患组较低一对照组比较有显差异（p<0.05）;而患组铁含量高于对照组,但无统计学意义。推测,癫痫发作可能与体内微量元素含量的变化有关,似可从分子结构水平研究癫痫产生的机理提供参考。     

帕金森病人头发、血清、脑脊液中微量元素含量的研究

帕金森病人头发、血清、脑脊液中微量元素含量的研究潘宝英，陈清林，苏常春本研究从１９８８～１９９１年对７４例帕金森病（ＰＤ）患者的头发、血清以及３２例患者的脑脊液中铜、锌、铁、锰、铬的含量进行检测并与５４例健康者对比研究。资料和方法：（１）取本院ＰＤ专...     

19例情感性障碍患者头发中六种微量元素测定结果分析

对１９例情感性障碍患者头发中六种微量元素（钙、铁、铜、锌、铅、锶）用ＰＩＸＥ法进行定量分析，发现患者组头发的钙元素的含量明显低于对照组。提示患者可能有钙的代谢异常，为了解情感性障碍的发病机理及防治对策提供了重要线索。     

精神分裂症患者头发铅、镉、铝、锌、铬及镍含量的性别和年龄差异

目的探讨精神分裂症患者头发铅、镉、铝、锌、铬及镍含量的性别和年龄差异.方法采用WFX-12型原子吸收分光光度计平行测定440例精神分裂症患者头发上述六种微量元素的含量进行性别比较,并按29岁之前、30～49岁之间、50岁之后三个年龄段进行分组比较.结果①上述六种微量元素含量存在性别差异,男患者头发镉、锌含量均高于女患者(P值分别为0.00、0.01);②患者三个年龄段的头发上述六种微量元素含量比较均无显著差异(P值均＞0.05).结论精神分裂症患者头发铅、镉、铝、锌、铬、镍含量存在性别差异,但无年龄差异.     

精神分裂症病人头发锌,铜,铁,钙,镁含量的测定

探讨锌，铜，铁钙，镁微量元素含量与精神分裂症的关系。方法采用原子吸收分光光度计对７５例精神分裂症病人和６０名健康对照者的头发锌，铜，铁，钙，镁的含量进行测定。结果．１．精神分裂症病人头发锌，镁含量较正常对照者代，而铜，铁，钙则增高；Ⅰ，Ⅱ型间比较，上述元素无差异；２．精神分裂症病人男性头发锌，镁含量高于女性；正常对照者头发钙，镁含量男性高于女性；３．抗精神病药治疗４０天后，病人头发锌含量较治疗前增     

乌鲁木齐地区慢性精神分裂症患者发中八种微量元素含量的测定与分析

作者对乌鲁木齐地区６５例汉族慢性精神分裂症患者和８０名汉族健康人，采用离子耦合等离子体发射光谱法，对头发中八种微量元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明、男性患者发中铜、钼、镉含量较正常人明显降低，而铁，锰含量较正常人为高；女性患者发中锌、铜、锰、锶、镉、镁含量较正常人为低。采用Ｂａｙｅｓ逐步判别分析方法得出的判别函数，提示男性发锌、铜、锰、钼、镉，女性铜、钼、镉、锰与慢性精神分裂症关系较密切。     

帕金森病患者血清中铜、铁、锰、锌和维生素E、维生素B12的测定

目的 探讨帕金森病患者血清中铜、铁、锰、锌和维生素E、维生素B12与帕金森病的关系.方法 采用1∶1配对的病例对照研究方法,收集最近4年内新发帕金森病病例40例和年龄(±3岁)、性别、职业、文化程度匹配的对照者40例,采用经石墨炉原子吸收法测定帕金森病患者和对照组血清中微量元素锰含量;帕金森病患者和对照组血清中微量元素铜、铁、锌的含量则用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱ICP直接测定法,用高效液相色谱来测定帕金森病患者和对照组血清中维生素E、维生素B12的含量,并进行配对t检验分析.结果 帕金森病患者血清中锰、铁含量高于对照组(P<0.05),而两组间铜、锌、维生素E、维生素B12含量则无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 血清微量元素锰、铁可能是帕金森病发病的重要影响因素之一.     

血管性痴呆患者红细胞内微量元素的变化

目的:探讨血管性痴呆患者红细胞内微量元素锌、铜、铁、锰、硒、铅、铝、镉的变化。方法:测定40例血管性痴呆患者红细胞内上述8种微量元素的含量并与对照组进行比较。结果:痴呆组与对照组相比锌、锰、硒含量降低;铜、铁、铅、铝、镉含量升高,差异有显著性(均P<0.05)。结论:血管性痴呆的发病与多种微量元素有着直接和间接的关系,这些微量元素的改变可作为血管性痴呆的诊断及预后判断的参考指标。     

帕金森病人头发中微量元素含量测定

帕金森氏病(Parkinson’s Disease PD)病因尚未清楚,多发于中老年期,其发病原因众说纷云。新近认为某些微量元素代谢失调有关。我院自1988年1月～1990年1月,对60名PD患者头发中铜、锌、铁、锰、铬的含量进行检测,现报告如下。     

A preliminary analysis of trace elements in the scalp hair of patients with severe motor disabilities receiving enteral nutrition

The concentrations of essential trace elements (copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, and iodine) in the scalp hair of 21 patients with severe motor disabilities receiving enteral nutrition were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Preliminary results show that copper, selenium, and molybdenum concentrations in the patients' hair were significantly lower than those in an age-matched control group (p<0.01). This suggests that intake of these elements may be reduced in patients receiving restricted enteral nutrition, although the clinical significance of these results should be discussed.     

Elemental imbalances in the olfactory pathway in Alzheimer''s disease

Concentrations of 11 trace elements were determined in 56 control and 98 Alzheimer's disease (AD) olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, olfactory trigone, piriform cortex and amygdala specimens by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Iron and zinc were significantly elevated and bromine was significantly depleted in olfactory regions of AD patients, compared with normal age-matched control subjects. Elevated iron could possibly play a role in neuronal degeneration in AD by enhancing reactive free radical formation.     

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of transition metals in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Summary. We compared CSF and serum levels of iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, in 26 patients patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) without major clinical signs of undernutrition, and 28 matched controls. CSF zinc levels were significantly decreased in AD patients as compared with controls (p < 0.05). The serum levels of zinc, and the CSF and serum levels of iron, copper, and manganese, did not differ significantly between AD-patient and control groups. These values were not correlated with age, age at onset, duration of the disease, and scores of the MiniMental State Examination in the AD group. Weight and body mass index were significantly lower in AD patients than in controls. Because serum zinc levels were normal, the possibility that low CSF zinc levels were due to a deficiency of dietary intake seems unlikely. However, it is possible that they might be related to the interaction of beta-amyloid and/or amyloid precursor protein with zinc, that could result in a depletion of zinc levels. Accepted February 17, 1998; received November 17, 1997     

托吡酯及丙戊酸钠对癫痫患儿血清六种常微量元素的影响

目的观察托吡酯及丙戊酸钠对癫痫患儿血清六种常微量元素的影响。方法选取80例癫痫患儿,40例予托吡酯(TPM)单药治疗,40例予丙戊酸钠(VPA)单药治疗,选取40例健康儿童作正常对照。所有儿童于治疗前及治疗6个月后行锌、铁、铜、钙、镁及铅检测。结果癫痫患儿治疗前血清钙、铁及锌分别为(1.45±0.40)mmol/L、(7.25±2.16)mmol/L、(69.88±10.99)μmol/L,明显低于对照组[分别为(1.66±0.45)mmol/L、(8.26±2.65)mmol/L、(78.24±12.44)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05),铜、镁及铅含量与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。VPA组与TPM组治疗前铜、锌、镁、钙、铁及铅含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后各种元素含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。癫痫患儿治疗前后各种元素含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论癫痫患儿血清锌、钙及铁含量降低。VPA及TPM治疗对癫痫患儿血清锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、铅含量无明显影响。     

Trace metal content of cerebral vessels in American Blacks, Caucasians and Nigerian Africans.

Trace metal contents of cerebral vessels in age-matched and sex-matched subjects from three population groups were estimated. The trace metals included calcium, manganese, zinc, magnesium, copper and iron. The American blacks in Washington, D.C., who are ethnologically related to Nigerian Africans, have different patterns of trace metal contents in their cerebral vessels and the observed levels also differed in some respects from Minnesota Caucasians living in a similar environment. The greatest amounts of calcium, zinc, and copper were found in the vessels of American blacks while the greatest amount of magnesium was found in vessels of Minnesota Caucasians. There was no statistically significant difference in the manganese content of the cerebral vessels in three population groups. Nigerian Africans had the least amounts of copper and magnesium but had the highest iron content. A similar high level of iron was observed in the vessels of American blacks. Since it has been shown that American blacks have the most extensive and severe degree of atherosclerosis among the three population groups, it would appear that iron, calcium and manganese in the cerebral vessels may not directly relate to the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis. Relatively high levels of copper and magnesium, which were observed in the cerebral vessels of American blacks and Caucasians, may be of significance in the pathogenesis of cerebral atherosclerosis. The low levels of the trace metals in Nigerians may be protective. The possible role of zinc requires further studies.     

Vitamins, trace elements, and antioxidant status in dementia disorders.

Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, have been proposed for the treatment of dementia disorders. Although other vitamins and trace elements may also have antioxidant-enhancing activities, it is not known whether the overall antioxidant status in dementia patients is associated with the intake level of these vitamins and trace elements. In this study, we assessed the levels of vitamins and trace elements in the diet of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and a group of carers, along with blood levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Results show that the dietary intake was decreased for most measured vitamins and trace elements in severe AD, but not in other dementia groups. In addition, we found no significant difference in the levels of TAC between any of the dementia groups. There was, however, a significant correlationbetween intake of vitamin B1, vitamin B12, zinc, and selenium and blood levels of TAC in the VaD group, but not in the AD and DLB groups. Furthermore, no association was observed in any of the dementia groups between zinc and copper intake and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity, or between dietary selenium intake and glutathione peroxidase activity. The activities of these two endogenous antioxidant enzymes do not seem to be influenced by intake levels of relevant substances. The data indicate that the influence of dietary vitamins and metal ions on the overall antioxidant status is limited to VaD patients only. Clinical trials are needed to ascertain the value of antioxidant supplementation in VaD patients.     

Trace element imbalances in hair and nails of Alzheimer's disease patients

The concentrations of 17 elements in the hair and nails of 180 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control subjects have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Comparisons of trace element levels of properly matched AD and control groups revealed significant imbalances in the concentrations of six elements (Br, Ca, Co, Hg, K, and Zn) between disease and control groups. It is noteworthy that each of these has previously been shown by our group, or others, to be altered in some AD brain region(s). Geometric means for each element in both hair and nails of AD and control subjects are presented, and significant differences noted. The significance of these alterations with regard to the possible role of trace elements in the etiology of AD is discussed.     

Abnormal aluminium, cobalt, manganese, strontium and zinc concentrations in untreated epilepsy

The concentration of 38 trace and bulk elements in the serum from 19 patients with recent onset of epilepsy and 20 age- and sex-matched controls was estimated by neutron activation analysis or inductively coupled plasma source by mass spectrometry. The concentrations of aluminium, strontium and zinc were significantly higher and the concentrations of cobalt and manganese were significantly lower than controls. Low concentrations of manganese and high concentrations of zinc in epilepsy have been previously reported but the abnormalities of aluminium, cobalt and strontium are new findings. The possible significance of these results in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is discussed.     

The comparison of nail and serum trace elements in patients with epilepsy and healthy subjects

The objective of this prospective study was to determine the levels of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) levels in both nail and serum from patients with epilepsy. For this purpose, levels of these elements were measured in 31 patients with epilepsy and 19 healthy subjects. Element analyses were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Increased Mn levels were detected in nail of patients with epilepsy compared to healthy controls (P<.008). The main nail Zn and Cu levels were found to be unchanged in epileptic patients compared to control subjects. There were no significant differences in serum Mn and Zn levels between epileptic patients and control subjects. However, there was a statistically significant increase in serum Cu levels in patients with epilepsy in comparison with control group (P<.009). Our results demonstrate that some trace element levels may vary in epileptic patients, and because of the more stable status, the analysis of these element levels in some tissues such as nail might be superior to serum analysis.     

The distribution patterns of trace elements in the brain and erythrocytes in a rat experimental model of iodine deficiency

Cretinism is a disease characterized by neurological defects associated with severe iodine deficiency. In a rat model of severe iodine deficiency, we investigated the distribution pattern of trace elements (iodine [I], selenium [Se], and bromine [Br] in brain tissue samples; potassium [K], calcium [Ca], manganese [Mn], iron [Fe], copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], rubidium [Rb], and lead [Pb] in erythrocytes) after supplementing the rats with I and/or Se. Neutron activation analysis, proton induced x-ray emission and x-ray fluorescence were used. The serum levels of total and free thyroxine (T4, FT4), and of total, free, and reverse triiodothyronine (T3, FT3, rT3, respectively) were assessed by radioimmunoassay. The results were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and bivariate correlation. The study indicated that the levels of T4, FT4, and rT3 increased in the serum of iodine-deficient rats supplemented with I or I + Se. In the same animals, we documented alterations of the content of Br in the brain, and of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Rb in erythrocytes, whereas the brain content of I and Se was unchanged. Thus, I and I + Se supplementation improves thyroid hormone metabolism but affects the content of selected trace elements in erythrocytes and of Br in the brain. The data stimulate further clarification of the role of trace elements in the central nervous system.