脑卒中患者抑郁情绪的初步调查

脑血管病后出现的抑郁情绪是脑卒中常见的并发症 ,抑郁情绪在一定程度上影响卒中患者的肢体功能和社会生活能力的恢复。有流行病学调查发现 ,脑卒中后抑郁的发生率为 4 0 %～ 5 0 % [1] ,然而对脑卒中患者抑郁情绪的特点少有报道 ,为观察脑卒中对患者心理的影响 ,我们对 6 3例脑卒中患者的抑郁水平进行了分析。1　对象与方法1.1　研究对象6 3例患者均为我院住院患者 ,经颅脑ＣＴ或ＭＲ确诊。其中缺血性脑卒中 4 7例 ,出血性脑卒中 16例。首次发病 38例 ,两次及两次以上发病 2 5例。男性 4 0例 ,女性 2 3例。年龄最大 82岁 ,最小 38岁 ,平均 …     

抑郁症和广泛性焦虑症病人临床特征的对照研究

在临床上 ,由于抑郁和焦虑症状合并存在 ,抑郁症患者伴有明显的焦虑症状 ,而焦虑症病人又有抑郁情绪 ,常常导致二者难以区别。本文探讨了抑郁症和广泛性焦虑症病人在人格和精神症状方面的差异性 ,为临床上对二者进行鉴别提供依据。对象　抑郁组、焦虑组均来源于2 0 0 1年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 6月中山三院心理科住院病人 ,入组标准为分别符合CC MD -2 -R[1 ] 有关抑郁症 (单次发作或者反复发作 )、焦虑症 (广泛性焦虑症 )的诊断标准 ;其中抑郁组共 3 8例 ,男性 12例 ,女性 2 6例 ;年龄 17-5 6岁 ,平均年龄 41 3 2± 13 0 6岁。焦虑组共 3 0名…     

综合医院住院病人焦虑抑郁状况调查

目的　了解综合医院住院病人焦虑、抑郁状况。方法　用焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)对内科、外科、妇产科住院病人进行调查。结果　内科组 SAS45 .98± 7.3 5 ,SDS46.60± 1 1 .3 1 ;外科、术前组 SAS5 2 .3 3± 8.91 ,SDS5 5 .7± 1 0 .2 8;外科术后组 SAS42 .2 5± 8.46,SDS46.3 6± 1 0 .41 ;妇科产前组 SAS48.3 6± 8.0 2 ,SDS49.1 3± 1 1 .2 6;病后组SAS 3 5 .62± 6.2 8,SDS 47.0 5 5± 1 1 .66病人的 SAS、SDS评分明显高于常模 (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;外科组 :手术前与手术后有显著差异 (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;妇科组 :SAS中产前明显高于产后 (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;SDS分数产前、产后无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　综合医院住院病人存在一定的焦虑、抑郁症状 ,应积极开展心理咨询工作 ,给予必要的心理支持及药物干预     

抑郁情绪对再生障碍性贫血疗效的影响研究

目的　探讨抑郁情绪在再生障碍性贫血治疗中的负面作用。方法　在鸡血藤复方治疗的基础上 ,前瞻性研究 1 0 6例再障患者初诊、治疗 1个月和 1 2个月的抑郁情绪对再障疗效影响。结果　鸡血藤复方治疗 2 4个月后有效 82例 ( 77.4% )。初诊时抑郁 1 0 1例 ,治疗 2年后无效 2 4例 ;非抑郁 5例 ,无效 0例。 1个月后抑郁 35例 ,非抑郁 71例 ,治疗 2年后 2组无效均 1 2例。 1 2个月后抑郁 39例 ,治疗 2年后无效 1 7例 ,非抑郁 67例 ,无效 7例。两者有显著差异 ( P<0 .0 0 5)。结论　抑郁情绪对再障治疗不利。强调心理治疗作为辅助治疗的重要性。     

758例住院躯体疾病患者焦虑抑郁自评结果分析

Dunbar通过对各类躯体疾病病人的心理社会问题研究 ,提出心理因素可以影响疾病的发生、病程及预后[1 ] 。情绪障碍是影响躯体疾病患者康复的重要因素。本文选择丰台区 3所区属综合性医院 (南苑医院、长辛店医院、铁营医院 )2 0 0 0 10～ 2 0 0 2 3内科住院病人共 75 8例进行了分析。 75 8例患者平均年龄 5 9±10岁 ( 2 4-87) ;男性 42 5例 ( 5 6 0 7% ) ,平均 5 9± 10岁 ,女性 3 3 3例 ( 4 3 93 % ) ,平均 5 9± 10岁 ;高血压 2 5 9例 ( 3 4 2 % ) ,冠心病 2 0 4例 ( 2 6 9% ) ,糖尿病 15 5例( 2 0 4% ) ,脑血管病 14 0例 ( 18 5 % ) …     

综合性医院老年病人抑郁症状的调查分析

目的 :分析综合性医院老年病人的抑郁症状特征及影响因素。方法 :应用中文版流调用抑郁量表 (CES -D) ,调查同济医院住院和门诊的 3 15例老年患者 (年龄≥ 60岁 )。结果 :①在 3 15例老人患者中 ,共有 70例老年患者 (占 2 2 2 % )肯定有抑郁症状 ,5 3例 (16 8% )可能存在抑郁症状 ;②CES -D总分女性组明显高于男性组 (t=2 0 3 2 ,P <0 0 1) ,且教育程度越低抑郁症状越明显 (F =3 75 6,P <0 0 1) ;③CES -D总分的多元逐步回归分析提示所有被调查老人及内科组老人的CES -D总分明显受其教育程度的影响。结论 :在综合性医院对老年病人进行抑郁症状的常规筛查是必要的     

高三学生考试前情绪障碍调查

焦虑和抑郁是常见的情绪障碍。Weissman研究表明约1 /4的人一生曾有过抑郁[1 ] 。刘贤臣报道医科大学生1 7.3 2 %有抑郁情绪 [2 ]。郭永松报道大学生 2 1 %有焦虑情绪 [3] 。但有关高中生考试前的焦虑抑郁报道较少 ,我们对新乡市第二中学高三学生进行了调查。1　对象与方法对象 :新乡市二中高三 4个班学生 2 2 6名 ,男生 1 4 0名 ,女生 86名 ;年龄 1 6～ 1 9岁 ,平均 1 7.96± 0 .58岁。方法 :1 998年第二次摸底考试前一周 ,采用统一指导语 ,要求学生填写焦虑自评量表 ( SAS) [4]和抑郁自评量表( SDS) [5 ]、自编的学生心理调查表共 7题 …     

冠状动脉旁路移植围手术期抑郁、焦虑状况调查

目的调查行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的患者围术期抑郁、焦虑的发生率及相关因素.方法2005年7月至2006年5月,以连续行择期CABG术的73例患者为研究对象,分别在术前1周内和术后出院前1天使用ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表进行评分.结果手术前共有21例(28.8%)阳性患者,其中11例患者存在抑郁状态,7例患者同时存在抑郁和焦虑状态,3例存在焦虑状态.手术后共有34例(46.6%)阳性患者,其中18例患者存在抑郁状态,13例患者同时存在抑郁和焦虑状态,3例存在焦虑状态.SDS标准分术后(47.9±10.0)高于术前(43.7±10.0, t=3.55,P=0.001), 焦虑评分术后(41.6±8.5)高于术前(39.3±7.4, t=2.20,P=0.031).术前发生抑郁焦虑的患者受教育少(8±3/10±3年, t=2.18,P=0.032),术后焦虑抑郁组中术前就存在抑郁焦虑的比例高(16/34对5/39,χ2＝10.391, P=0.001),术前多次心肌梗死的4例都在术后抑郁焦虑组(4/34比0/39,P=0.043);术前抑郁焦虑情绪对术后围手术期恢复没有影响.术后是否发生抑郁焦虑者住院时间没有显著差别.结论CABG患者围术期抑郁焦虑状态有较高的发生率,术后情绪更差.受教育程度低是术前情绪不良的危险因素,病情重是术后情绪不良的危险因素.     

癌症患者病故对家属情绪状态的影响

目的　探讨癌症患者病故对家属情绪状态的影响。方法　对癌症患者病故的家属共 79人进行问卷随机调查 ,采用焦虑自评量表 ((SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)和 UCLA孤独量表测量其家属的情绪状态。结果　 1当癌症患者病故其配偶的焦虑、抑郁和孤独情绪明显高于其子女 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;2配偶与子女相比在不同程度的抑郁构成百分比有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,在配偶中重度抑郁 2 7人 (62 .8% ) ;3不同性别配偶其情绪状态相比无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;4高龄组配偶的抑郁和孤独情绪明显高于低龄组配偶 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;5在不同性别子女中 ,女性的焦虑和抑郁情绪明显高于男性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;6子女中高龄组的焦虑情绪明显高于低龄组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　癌症患者去世后 ,其家属存在的负性情绪明显 ,应引起社会的关注 ,对于配偶、特别是老年配偶和女性子女等应给予有效地心理、社会支持 ,有利于提高他们的生存质量。     

β2-m、IgG、AIb RIA在肾脏疾病中的应用

我们采用放射免疫分析尿三蛋白(β2-m、IgG、Alb),从而提高肾功能异常检出率. 1对象和方法 1.1对象 1.1.1观察组门诊及住院病人110例(男58,女52),年龄(30～60)岁,平均41.2岁.110例中高血压肾病18例;糖尿病肾病14例;上尿路肾结石6例;肾盂肾炎7例;尿路感染14例;肾病综合征20例;急性肾炎10例;慢性肾炎16例;急性肾衰5例.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.