Efficacy of preoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Background/Purpose

Although percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage has previously been recommended as a primary preoperative step, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) is prevalent as an alternative procedure. Few reports assess the efficacy and safety of ENBD in a substantial patient cohort.

Methods

Of 116 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgery, 62 (43 men and 19 women, median age 69 years) underwent preoperative ENBD. After classification of lesions according to Bismuth–Corlette (B–C) criteria, we evaluated efficacy and safety with respect to B–C type.

Results

Patients were classified as B–C types I (n = 5), II (n = 21), IIIa (n = 23), IIIb (n = 5), and IV (n = 8). Preoperative single ENBD was effective in 46/62 patients (74%) including 5/5 (100%) B–C type I, 20/21 (94%) type II, 16/23 (70%) type IIIa, 4/5 (80%) type IIIb, and 1/8 (13%) type IV. Sixteen cases (26%) required additional drainages with ENBD or endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) in 8/16 (50%), and with PTBD in 8/16 (50%). Mild acute pancreatitis (n = 1, 2%), segmental cholangitis (n = 2, 3%), and acute cholangitis with catheter obstruction (n = 7, 11%) occurred with ENBD.

Conclusions

Preoperative single ENBD in the future remnant lobe is effective treatment for B–C type I–III hilar cholangiocarcimona. Preoperative ENBD was rarely complicated with segmental cholangitis.     

Oncological benefit of preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Due to advances in endoscopic equipment and techniques, preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) has been developed to serve as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). This study sought to clarify the benefit of EBD in comparison to PTBD in patients who underwent radical resections of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. One hundred and forty‐one patients underwent radical surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2000 and 2008 were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the type of preoperative biliary drainage, PTBD (n = 67) or EBD (n = 74). We investigated if the different biliary drainage methods affected postoperative survival and mode of recurrence after median observation period of 82 months. The survival rate for patients who underwent EBD was significantly higher than those who had PTBD (P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that PTBD was one of the independent factors predictive of poor survival (hazard ratio: 2.075, P = 0.003). Patients with PTBD more frequently developed peritoneal seeding in comparison to those who underwent EBD (P = 0.0003). PTBD was the only independent factor predictive of peritoneal seeding. In conclusion, EBD might confer an improved prognosis over PTBD due to prevention of peritoneal seeding, and is recommended as the initial procedure for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

Preoperative biliary drainage for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Hilar cholangiocarcinomas grow slowly, and metastases occur late in the natural history. Surgical cure and long-term survival have been demonstrated, when resection margins are clear. Preoperative biliary drainage has been proposed as a way to improve liver function before surgery, and to reduce post-surgical complications. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) with multiple drains was previously the preferred method for the preoperative relief of obstructive jaundice. However, the introduction of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPE) and wider resection has changed preoperative drainage strategies. Drainage is currently performed only for liver lobes that will remain after resection, and for areas of segmental cholangitis. Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) is less invasive than PTBD. Among EBD techniques, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) is preferable to endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS), because secondary cholangitis (due to the retrograde flow of duodenal fluid into the biliary tree) does not occur. ENBD needs to be converted to PTBD in patients with segmental cholangitis, those with a prolonged need for drainage, or when the extent of longitudinal tumor extension is not sufficiently well characterized.     

肝门部胆管癌Bismuth分型与经内镜胆道塑料支架引流术后并发症及退黄效果之间的关系

目的:评估肝门部胆管癌Bismuth分型与经内镜胆道塑料支架引流术(ERBD)术后并发症及退黄效果之间的关系.方法:收集已确诊为肝门部胆管癌、且不能或不愿接受外科治疗的,在南昌大学第二附属医院消化科行ERBD的患者.分析各型肝门部胆管癌之间在行ERBD术后胆管炎、胰腺炎、出血发生率以及退黄效果的差异.结果:Bismut...     

One‐step,simultaneous triple endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for hilar biliary stricture

The management of advanced hilar malignant and benign biliary strictures remains difficult regardless of the advances in endoscopic biliary stenting. Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) is suitable for the management, but the number of ENBD tubes is limited by the diameter of the accessory channel of the duodenoscope. In the present study,we demonstrated the feasibility and safety of one‐step simultaneous triple ENBD insertion to manage hilar biliary strictures. A therapeutic duodenoscope with a 4.2‐mm accessory channel was advanced into the duodenum. Three guidewires were advanced into three different intrahepatic bile ducts, none of which communicated with the others.Then, the three 5‐Fr ENBD tubes were simultaneously inserted alongguidewire, one at a time. Three patients with hilar biliary stricture who suffered from acute cholangitis due to stent occlusion were successfully managed by one‐step, simultaneous triple ENBD insertion.There were no procedure‐related complications. One‐step simultaneous triple ENBD is the most suitable drainage method for patients with advanced hilar biliary obstruction, especially in the setting of acute cholangitis due to occlusion of the previously placed stent.     

Retrospective cohort study Lower incidence of complications in endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

AIM:To identify the most effective endoscopic biliary drainage technique for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS:In total,118 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent endoscopic management[endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD)or endoscopic biliary stenting]as a temporary drainage in our institution between 2009 and 2014.We retrospectively evaluated all complications from initial endoscopic drainage to surgery or palliative treatment.The risk factors for biliary reintervention,post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(post-ERCP)pancreatitis,and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)were also analyzed using patient-and procedure-related characteristics.The risk factors for bilateral drainage were examined in a subgroup analysis of patients who underwent initial unilateral drainage.RESULTS:In total,137 complications were observed in92(78%)patients.Biliary reintervention was required in 83(70%)patients.ENBD was significantly associated with a low risk of biliary reintervention[odds ratio(OR)=0.26,95%CI:0.08-0.76,P=0.012].Post-ERCP pancreatitis was observed in 19(16%)patients.An absence of endoscopic sphincterotomy was significantly associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis(OR=3.46,95%CI:1.19-10.87,P=0.023).PTBD was required in 16(14%)patients,and Bismuth type III or IV cholangiocarcinoma was a significant risk factor(OR=7.88,95%CI:1.33-155.0,P=0.010).Of 102 patients with initial unilateral drainage,49(48%)required bilateral drainage.Endoscopic sphincterotomy(OR=3.24,95%CI:1.27-8.78,P=0.004)and Bismuth II,III,or IV cholangiocarcinoma(OR=34.69,95%CI:4.88-736.7,P0.001)were significant risk factors for bilateral drainage.CONCLUSION:The endoscopic management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is challenging.ENBD should be selected as a temporary drainage method because of its low risk of complications.     

鼻胆管引流在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨鼻胆管引流对内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的预防作用。方法将拟行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术的92例患者随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组46例患者术后未行鼻胆管引流,实验组46例患者术后置入鼻胆管引流。分别于术后3 h、12h、24 h及48 h测定患者血淀粉酶,同时观察胰腺炎的临床表现。对比两组患者的血淀粉酶值和胰腺炎的发生率。观察两组血淀粉酶水平恢复时间及临床症状缓解时间。结果两组在性别、年龄、病因及治疗上均无显著差异具有可比性(P>0.05)。实验组胰腺炎发生率为8.69%,轻型6.52%,重型2.17%,显著低于对照组的26.09%、17.39%、8.69%(P<0.05)。实验组术后3 h、12 h及24 h血清淀粉酶水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组平均住院时间显著高于实验组(P<0.05)。实验组血清淀粉酶水平恢复正常时间与临床症状缓解时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鼻胆管引流能有效地预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的发生。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管取石术后留置鼻胆管对于预防并发症的作用

目的明确经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）取石术后留置鼻胆管能否降低术后并发症发生率。方法回顾性分析697例因胆总管结石行ERCP治疗的患者资料,根据是否行鼻胆管引流分为鼻胆管组（538例）及对照组（159例）,总结术后两组患者胰腺炎、胆管炎及出血的发生率。结果鼻胆管组与对照组之间,术后胰腺炎（4．3％比6．3％,P〉0．05）及出血（1．3％比1．9％,P〉0．05）发生率无统计学差异,术后胆管炎发生率明显降低（1．3％比3．8％,P〈0．05）。结论ERCP取石术后留置鼻胆管可以降低胆管炎的发生率。     

Preoperative biliary drainage in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma undergoing major hepatectomy

AIM:To investigate the effect of preoperative biliary drainage(PBD)in jaundiced patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HCCA)undergoing major liver resections.METHODS:An observational study was carried out by reviewing a prospectively maintained database of HCCA patients who underwent major liver resection for curative therapy from January 2002 to December 2012.Patients were divided into two groups based on whether PBD was performed:a drained group and an undrained group.Patient baseline characteristics,preoperative factors,perioperative and short-term postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.Risk factors for postoperative complications were also analyzed by logistic regression test with calculating OR and 95%CI.RESULTS:In total,78 jaundiced patients with HCCA underwent major liver resection:32 had PBD prior to operation while 46 did not have PBD.The two groups were comparable with respect to age,sex,body mass index and co-morbidities.Furthermore,there was no significant difference in the total bilirubin(TBIL)levels between the drained group and the undrained group at admission(294.2±135.7 vs 254.0±63.5,P=0.126).PBD significantly improved liver function,reducing not only the bilirubin levels but also other liver enzymes.The preoperative TBIL level was significantly lower in the drained group as compared to the undrained group(108.1±60.6 vs 265.7±69.1,P=0.000).The rate of overall postoperative complications(53.1%vs 58.7%,P=0.626),reoperation rate(6.3%vs 6.5%,P=1.000),postoperative hospital stay(16.5 vs 15.0,P=0.221)and mortality(9.4%vs 4.3%,P=0.673)were similar between the two groups.In addition,there was no significant difference in infectious complications(40.6%vs 23.9%,P=0.116)and noninfectious complications(31.3%vs 47.8%,P=0.143)between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that preoperative TBIL>170μmol/L(OR=13.690,95%CI:1.275-147.028,P=0.031),Bismuth-Corlette classification(OR=0.013,95%CI:0.001-0.166,P=0.001)and extended liver resection(OR=14.010,95%CI:1.130-     

Nasobiliary drainage can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis after papillary large balloon dilation plus endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy: a randomized controlled trial

Background and aims: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis can be reduced following endoscopic papillary balloon dilation with the placement of an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) catheter. The aim of this study was to determine whether the placement of an ENBD reduces the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis following endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation together with endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy.

Methods: A total of 160 patients with bile duct stones were randomly assigned (1:1) to an ENBD group or no-ENBD group. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The secondary outcome was the incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia.

Results: In total, 160 patients were randomized, and 155 were found to be eligible for the analysis. The two groups were similar regarding clinical and demographic factors as well as patient- and procedure-related risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis. Post-ERCP pancreatitis developed in 9 patients, that is, 8/77 (10.4%) of the control group and 1/78 (1.28%) of the ENBD group (p?=?.018; per protocol analysis). Intention to treat analysis also revealed that ENBD reduced the rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (8/80 (10%) in the control group vs. 1/80 (1.25%) the ENBD group (p?=?.034)). Multivariate regression analysis identified not undergoing ENBD as an independent risk factor for post-ERCP pancreatitis (ENBD compared with no-ENBD: OR 0.087, 95% CI 0.011–0.734; p?=?.025).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that placement of an ENBD was effective and safe for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients undergoing endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation together with endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy.     

Assessment of clinical outcomes of advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Background: Low resectability and poor survival outcome are common for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(HCCA), especially in advanced stages. The present study was to assess the clinical outcome of advanced HCCA, focusing on therapeutic modalities, survival analysis and prognostic assessment.Methods: Clinical data of 176 advanced HCCA patients who had been treated in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Prognostic effects of clinicopathological factors were explored by univariate and multivariate analysis. Survival predictors were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.Results: The 3-year overall survival rate was 13% for patients with advanced HCCA. Preoperative total bilirubin(P = 0.009), hepatic artery invasion(P = 0.014) and treatment modalities(P = 0.020) were independent prognostic factors on overall survival. A model combining these independent prognostic factors(area under ROC curve: 0.748; 95% CI: 0.678–0.811; sensitivity: 82.3%, specificity: 53.5%) was highly predictive of tumor death. After R0 resection, the 3-year overall survival was up to 38%. Preoperative total bilirubin was still an independent negative factor, but not for hepatic artery invasion.Conclusions: Surgery is still the best treatment for advanced HCCA. Preoperative biliary drainage should be performed in highly-jaundiced patients to improve survival. Prediction of survival is improved significantly by a model that incorporates preoperative total bilirubin, hepatic artery invasion and treatment modalities.     

内镜胆管引流术治疗胆瘘的临床价值

目的　探讨内镜胆管引流术治疗胆瘘的有效性和安全性。方法　回顾性分析2002年11月—2022年11月在解放军总医院第一医学中心诊治的连续性409例胆瘘患者的临床资料,最终纳入53例内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP）下行胆管引流术的胆瘘患者,分析患者的一般情况、手术操作情况、治疗结局和不良事件等。将患者分为支架引流组（n=46）与鼻胆管引流组（n=7）,比较两组术中特点、手术结果以及手术时间。结果　53例患者中,男36例、女17例,年龄（52.2±12.7）岁,其中58.5%（31/53）的患者继发于胆囊切除术。其临床成功率为83.0%（44/53）,手术时间为27.0（13.5,33.5） min,治疗1（1,2） 次,治愈时间89 （47,161） d。ERCP治疗轻度胆瘘相较于重度胆瘘成功率较高［96.4%（27/28）比 68.0% （17/25）, χ2=7.57, P=0.006］。跨瘘口引流相较于非跨瘘口引流治疗胆瘘的成功率更高［91.7% （33/36） 比64.7% （11/17）, χ2=5.95, P=0.015］,而使用较大口径（≥10 Fr）与较小口径（<10 Fr）的支架治疗胆瘘的成功率相近［81.8% （27/33）比84.6%（11/13）, χ2=0.05, P=0.822］。18.9%（10/53）的患者出现不良事件,其中胰腺炎6例、出血2例、胆管炎1例,死亡1例。除1例死亡外,其余9例不良事件均为轻度,且经保守治疗后好转。鼻胆管引流组和胆管支架引流组在临床成功率［6/7比82.6%（38/46）, χ2=0.04,P=0.838］、中位手术时间（28.0 min 比 23.0 min, Z=0.38, P=0.774）方面差异无统计学意义。结论　内镜胆管引流术治疗胆瘘是安全有效的。鼻胆管和胆管支架引流的临床疗效相似,ERCP治疗轻度胆瘘以及跨瘘口引流可能具有更高的临床成功率。     

经鼻胆管引流术后胆汁培养及药敏结果分析

目的对经鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）引流的胆汁培养阳性的细菌种类、比例及其药物敏感性进行分析,旨在指导胆道感染时正确选用抗生素。方法收集2013年1月至2013年4月在消化内科行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）后行ENBD的患者,对胆汁培养和药敏试验的结果作回顾性分析。结果208例患者中,180例为良性疾病,28例为恶性疾病,共112例（53.8％）胆汁培养阳性。最常见的细菌为大肠埃希菌（46.8％）、屎肠球菌（15.9％）、肺炎克雷伯杆菌（10.3％）和奇异变形杆菌（4.8oA）等。14例为多种微生物生长。无论患者疾病的良恶性、是否术前诊断急性胆管炎、是否术前已使用抗生素,其胆汁培养阳性率差异均无统计学意义（58.9％比71.4％,51.7％比67.9％,54.5％比52.9％,P〉0.05）。有无胆道手术史患者,其胆汁培养阳性率差异有统计学意义（87.09／6比49.7％,P〈0.01）。革兰阴性菌对泰能等敏感,革兰阳性菌对万古霉素等敏感。结论胆道手术史（包括ERCP及胆肠吻合）是胆道细菌生长的危险因素之一。胆道微生物的种类及药物敏感性,为临床经验性抗感染药物的选择提供了有力的依据。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗的临床对比研究

目的:通过对比观察给予不同治疗方案的3组急性胆源性胰腺炎(ABP)患者,探讨ABP经内镜治疗的优劣.方法:将119例ABP(包括SABP)患者分为内镜组(40例)、药物组(42例)、手术组(37例).对比观察3组患者治疗后症状、实验室指标恢复情况、并发症发生率、死亡率以及住院天数.结果:内镜组总并发症发生率12.5%(5/40),死亡率5.0%(2/40).手术组并发症发生率29.7%(11/37),死亡率5.4%(2/37);保守组并发症发生率23.8%(10/42),死亡率7.1%(3/42).在3组SABP中,内镜组患者在症状恢复时间、实验室指标恢复时间、及住院天数方面较手术组及保守组均明显缩短、并发症发生率较手术组及保守组均降低(P<0.05).结论:内镜治疗ABP(尤其SABP)是一项较安全、有效、经济简便、并发症少、可重复操作的治疗措施,值得临床大力推广.     

Role of preoperative biliary drainage of liver remnant prior to extended liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Background:

In patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, ipsilateral en bloc hepatic resection improves survival but is associated with increased morbidity. Preoperative biliary drainage of the future liver remnant (FLR) and contralateral portal vein embolization (PVE) may improve perioperative outcome, but their routine use is controversial. This study analyses the impact of FLR volume and preoperative biliary drainage on postoperative hepatic insufficiency and mortality rates.

Methods:

Patients who underwent hepatic resection and for whom adequate imaging data for FLR calculation were available were identified retrospectively. Patient demographic, operative and perioperative data were recorded and analysed. The volume of the FLR was calculated based on the total liver volume and the volume of the resection that was actually performed using semi-automated contouring of the liver on preoperative helical acquired scans. In patients subjected to preoperative biliary drainage, the preoperative imaging was reviewed to determine if the FLR had been decompressed. Hepatic insufficiency was defined as a postoperative rise in bilirubin of 5 mg/dl above the preoperative level that persisted for >5 days postoperatively. Operative mortality was defined as death related to the operation, whenever it occurred.

Results:

Sixty patients were identified who underwent hepatic resection between 1997 and 2007 and for whom imaging data were available for analysis. During this period, preoperative biliary drainage of the FLR was used selectively and PVE was used in only one patient. The mean age of the patients was 64 ± 11.6 years and 68% were male. The median length of stay was 14 days and the overall morbidity and mortality were 53% and 10%, respectively. Preoperative FLR volume was a predictor of hepatic insufficiency and death (P= 0.03). A total of 65% of patients had an FLR volume ≥30% (39/60) of the total volume. No patient in this group had hepatic insufficiency, but there were two operative deaths (5%), both occurring in patients who underwent preoperative biliary drainage. By contrast, in the group with FLR < 30% (21/60, 35%), hepatic insufficiency was seen in five patients and operative mortality in four patients, and were strongly associated with lack of preoperative biliary drainage of the FLR (P= 0.009). Patients with an FLR ≥ 30% were more likely to have radiographic evidence of ipsilateral lobar atrophy and hypertrophy of the FLR (46.2% vs. 9.5% in patients with FLR < 30%; P= 0.004).

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, FLR volume of < 30% of total liver volume is associated with increased risk for hepatic insufficiency and death. Preoperative biliary drainage of the FLR appears to improve outcome if the predicted volume is < 30%. However, in patients with FLR ≥ 30%, preoperative biliary drainage does not appear to improve perioperative outcome and, as many of these patients have hypertrophy of the FLR, PVE is likely to offer little benefit.     

肝门胆管癌的术前减黄问题

临床上习惯将恶性肿瘤直接侵及或压迫肝外胆道致胆汁排出受阻而引起的黄疸称为恶性梗阻性黄疸,根据阻塞部位一般可分为高位胆道梗阻和低位胆道梗阻.高位胆道梗阻多指高位胆管癌,即肝门胆管癌,部分胆囊癌向肝管方向浸润发展,也可致胆道梗阻;后者系壶腹周围恶性肿瘤所致的梗阻,通常包括胰头癌、胆总管下端癌及壶腹癌等.低位胆道肿瘤的经典手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术,外科处理原则相对比较统一,而肝门胆管癌因其解剖部位特殊、切除范围不同、机体受累状态和相应的术前准备不同,以及术者技术经验等差异,在临床实际处理上存在着颇多问题和争议.本文结合国内外文献和我们的临床经验,拟就肝门胆管癌的术前相关准备尤其减黄问题作一讨论.     

Emergency endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for acute calculous suppurative cholangitis and its potential use in chemical dissolution

Abstract Acute suppurative cholangitis is one of the common causes of acute abdomen in Taiwan. Emergency decompression is a life-saving procedure if patients fail to respond to antibiotic treatment. From July 1988 to June 1991, 224 patients were encountered with concomitant bile duct stones and cholangitis; 40 were brought to the emergency service with shock or mental confusion or responded poorly to antibiotic treatment. The patients consisted of 20 males and 20 females aged 21–81 years (mean age 64 years); 55% had intrahepatic duct stones, 50% had positive blood culture, 38% had undergone previous biliary surgery, 25% had concomitant medical illnesses and 20% presented with mental confusion. Emergent endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) was performed within 48 h of each patient's arrival in the emergency room. In 3 days all the patients exhibited significant improvement as defined by body temperature, vital signs, white blood cell count, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphates levels. When their condition had stabilized, 21 patients underwent elective surgery. Six patients received ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid infusion through an ENBD tube. Two of the patients' stones dissolved completely. Six patients received papillotomy with stone removal. The remaining patients refused further treatment. There was no hospital mortality. It is therefore concluded that ENBD offers an effective treatment for acute calculus suppurative cholangitis and it is a potential route of administration for the chemical dissolution of bile duct stones.     

肝门部胆管恶性梗阻双支架引流22例临床应用

目的探讨肝门部胆管恶性梗阻双侧支架引流的疗效、安全性。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院、北京市消化疾病中心2002年10月至2003年12月肝门部胆管恶性梗阻患者22例双侧支架引流的有效率、并发症发生率、支架畅通时间及生存时间。结果22例肝门部胆管恶性梗阻患者均一次置入双侧支架成功,引流有效率81.8%(18/22),并发症发生率22.7%,其中胆管炎4例、胰腺炎1例,中位支架畅通时间113d,中位生存时间138d。结论对于BismuthⅡ、Ⅲ型肝门部恶性梗阻,双侧支架引流是安全有效的;对于BismuthⅣ型,双侧支架引流需慎重。