MicroRNAs在心血管疾病中作用的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长度为21~28 nt单链非编码小分子RNA,通过与靶基因3′-UTR完全或不完全互补配对结合导致靶基因降解或翻译抑制调节几千种基因。近年研究表明miRNAs已成为许多重要生物过程的主要调节因子,包括生长发育、细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等。研究对应miRNAs参与疾病发生的机制可能为人类某些疾病的治疗开辟一条新的途经。本综述总结miRNAs在调控心血管疾病发生的作用方面的研究成果。     

特发性肺纤维化相关miRNAs的研究新进展

特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,IPF)是一种致死性的进行性间质性肺病,病因至今仍不明确,也缺乏有效的治疗方法.miRNAs研究涉及许多疾病的发生、诊断和治疗,现已发现多种miRNAs与特发性肺纤维化有密切的关系.本文将从促纤维化、抗纤维化以及临床诊断3方面来综述与特发性肺纤维化相关的新的miRNAs的研究状况,为早日揭示特发性肺纤维化的发病机制、发现有效的治疗措施提供科学资料.     

miRNAs在干细胞自我更新和分化中的作用

干细胞的一个特点是能够自我更新并产生分化的细胞,这种独特的属性是由细胞内各种调控因素作用的结果。近期研究表明,小分子RNA(miRNAs)在调节干细胞的自我更新与分化中起重要作用,miRNAs通过对抑制靶mRNA的翻译来调节细胞或已分化的子细胞。这些发现说明miRNAs在控制干细胞命运上具有重要的意义。     

人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞在不同HER-2水平miRNAs表达谱检测

目的：通过对比观察人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MCF-7/HER-2中微小RNA( miRNAs)的差异性表达,初步筛选出与HER-2表达相关的miRNAs表达谱。方法培养人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MCF-7/HER-2,利用miRNA芯片技术检测两株细胞中miR-NAs的表达。结果利用miRNA微阵列,筛选获得217种与HER-2相关的miRNAs,较正常MCF-7细胞上调的miRNAs有123个,下调的有94个。在差异有显著性的miRNAs中,hsa-miR-141和hsa-miR-1299的靶基因有多种生物学功能。结论获得人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞在不同HER-2水平miRNAs的差异表达谱,为进一步分析HER-2在乳腺癌中的作用奠定基础。     

探索小RNA的功能

基因表达的调控———决定于细胞内产生多少何种的蛋白质———是由无数不同的分子控制的.一种自然产生的调控分子是小的干扰RNA(siR NA) ,它选择性地中断按计划已认可的蛋白质的产生,这个过程称为RNA干扰.这些短的核苷酸延伸结合与其它细胞的蛋白质形成了一种RNA诱导的静止复合物,称为RISC ,它能定位并且破坏一种靶信使RNA—这种分子是把某种蛋白质的信息,从细胞核携带到它生成的细胞质位置.生物学家们在动植物中发现了几百种其它自然产生的短小调控RNA ,称为miRNAs .像siR NA ,他们也能通过类似的甚至可能是相同的RISC分子影…     

miRNA与缺血性疾病中的血管新生

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是存在于真核生物中一类长度约为20~24 nt的非编码小分子单链RNA,可调控多种基因的表达。研究发现,缺血性损伤组织中一系列的miRNAs表达发生了明显变化,且其改变可显著影响缺血组织的血管新生。     

外泌体中miRNAs调控骨肉瘤细胞转移的分子机制研究进展*

骨肉瘤是最常见的原发恶性骨肿瘤,患者预后不良大多因为其转移。研究发现,外泌体可以在细胞间包装运载多种如蛋白质、dsDNA、RNAs及miRNAs等生物活性物质,有大量研究发现外泌体中的miRNA在骨肉瘤的转移过程中异常表达。本文主要介绍外泌体的生物学特征并针对外泌体中的miRNAs的分选机制、外泌体中miRNAs调节骨肉瘤的转移机制的研究进展以及外泌体中的miRNAs在骨肉瘤诊疗中的应用潜力进行综述。     

食管鳞癌组织中miRNAs差异表达谱的筛选及研究

目的 筛选并鉴定在食管鳞癌（ESCC）及癌旁组织中miRNAs的差异表达,为进一步阐明其在ESCC发病机制中的作用奠定基础。方法 选取在邯郸市第一医院行食管癌切除术患者新鲜的鳞癌组织及癌旁正常组织,各3例,抽提总RNA,利用miRNAs芯片筛选其中差异表达的miRNAs,并对miR-106b-3p通过进一步RT-qPCR 技术进行验证。结果 miRNAs芯片从配对组织中共筛检出62个差异表达的miRNAs,其中41个miRNAs表达上调,21个miRNAs表达下调,鳞癌组织与癌旁正常组织中差异表达的miRNAs比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。miR-106b-3p在ESCC组织中的表达高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,与芯片结果一致。结论 食管鳞癌组织中miRNAs的差异表达为进一步研究miRNAs在ESCC发病中的作用奠定了基础;miR-106b-3p的高表达可能与ESCC的发生、发展有关。     

miRNA靶向RAS-MAPK通路的表观遗传性激活与肿瘤

肿瘤作为一种难治性疾病，全世界都在为其治疗寻找新靶点。高度保守的RAS-MAPK通路在生物界大多数细胞内都广泛存在，主要通过各种级联反应刺激来控制细胞增殖分化等功能。体细胞基因突变编码RAS-MAPK通路经常发生在许多肿瘤中。miRNAs作为近年来研究较多的一种基因表达调控方式，其是通过与相关靶基因3’-UTR区结合来降解mRNA或抑制翻译表达。明确miRNA调控RAS-MAPK在肿瘤发生发展中的机制，可能为肿瘤的治疗提供新靶点。     

筛选并初步分析不同 HER-2水平的人乳腺癌 BT474细胞内miRNAs差异性表达

目的：检测两株人乳腺癌细胞BT474和BT474/siRNA HER-2微小RNA( miRNAs)的表达,初步筛选与HER-2相关差异性表达的miRNAs。方法用干扰RNA技术沉默人乳腺癌细胞株BT474中HER-2基因的表达,利用miRNA芯片技术比较两株细胞BT474和BT474/siRNA HER-2内miRNAs的表达。结果差异倍数>2且P<0．05,与HER-2相关的miRNAs有338个;其中110个miRNAs上调,228个miRNAs下调。结论用miRNA芯片技术可以筛选人乳腺癌BT474细胞在不同HER-2水平差异性表达的miRNAs,进一步分析筛选,有望在乳腺癌中寻找到与HER-2相关的miRNAs。     

喉癌组织中的microRNA差异表达谱及miR-125a-5p抑制喉癌细胞增殖的初步研究

 目的：筛选并分析喉癌组织与周围正常喉黏膜的微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNAs) 之间的表达谱差异,为进一步研究miRNA与喉癌发生、发展的关系提供线索。方法：收集喉癌组织和癌旁正常喉黏膜标本共42对,随机选取10对标本进行miRNA微阵列基因芯片分析, 另选取32对标本进行实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）验证,获得喉癌组织中的miRNA差异表达谱。应用MTT法和克隆形成实验检测miR-125a-5p对喉癌Hep2细胞增殖的影响。结果：喉癌组织中的let-7f-5p、miR-10a-5p、miR-125a-5p、miR-144-3p、miR-195-5p、miR-203等6个miRNA在基因芯片以及qRT-PCR中表达均显著下调。与对照组相比,转染miR-125a-mimics组的喉癌Hep2细胞增殖能力受到抑制,而转染miR-125a-inhibitor组Hep2细胞增殖能力增强。结论：基因芯片与qRT-PCR结果一致;喉癌与正常喉黏膜之间存在明显的miRNA差异表达,这些miRNA的差异性表达可能与喉癌的发病、侵袭等相关。miR-125a可以抑制喉癌Hep2细胞的增殖,可能作为喉癌生物治疗的新靶点。     

Identification of microRNAs in Throat Swab as the Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Influenza

Background: Influenza is a serious worldwide disease that captures global attention in the past few years after outbreaks. The recent discoveries of microRNA (miRNA) and its unique expression profile in influenza patients have offered a new method for early influenza diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of miRNAs for the diagnosis of influenza.Methods: Thirteen selected miRNAs were investigated with the hosts'' throat swabs (25 H1N1, 20 H3N2, 20 influenza B and 21 healthy controls) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using U6 snRNA as endogenous control for normalization, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve/Area under curve (AUC) for analysis.Results: miR-29a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-34c-3p and miR-181a-5p are useful biomarkers for influenza A detection; and miR-30c-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-449b-5p for influenza B detection. Also, use of both miR-30c-5p and miR-34c-3p (AUC=0.879); and miR-30c-5p and miR-449b-5p (AUC=0.901) are better than using one miRNA to confirm influenza A and influenza B infection, respectively.Conclusions: Given its simplicity, non-invasiveness and specificity, we found that the throat swab-derived miRNAs miR-29a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-449b-5p are a useful tool for influenza diagnosis on influenza A and B.     

应用微阵列芯片分析糖尿病大鼠下肢动脉硬化miRNAs差异表达谱

 目的:通过建立糖尿病大鼠模型,检测糖尿病大鼠动脉硬化下肢与糖尿病大鼠无动脉硬化下肢的动脉组织中微小RNAs(miRNAs)的差异表达情况,探究异常表达的miRNAs参与糖尿病大鼠下肢动脉硬化可能的分子机制。方法:选取建模成功的患有糖尿病下肢动脉硬化和患有糖尿病但无下肢动脉硬化的大鼠,取出下肢动脉组织,分别提取总的miRNAs,用miRNAs微阵列芯片进行杂交检测,经过芯片扫描和数据分析,再用RT-qPCR验证芯片的扫描分析结果,最终获得糖尿病大鼠下肢动脉硬化的miRNAs差异表达谱。结果:筛选出10个与糖尿病大鼠下肢动脉硬化有关的miRNAs,即 rno-miR-206-3p、rno-miR-133a-5p、rno-miR-133b-3p、rno-miR-133a-3p、rno-miR-325-5p、rno-miR-675-3p、rno-miR-411-5p、rno-miR-329-3p、rno-miR-335和rno-miR-126a-3p,这10个异常表达的mi-RNAs都上调。RT-qPCR证实,其中9个miRNAs与芯片检查结果一致,仅仅rno-miR-335的PCR检测结果与基因芯片检测结果相反,表达下调。结论:有一群miRNAs在糖尿病大鼠下肢动脉硬化中起着重要作用,其表达过程很可能影响着动脉硬化的进程。     

微渠多孔羟基磷灰石支架诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的miRNA表达谱分析

文题释义： 羟基磷灰石：是目前最为理想的生物活性材料,具有生物相容性、骨传导性和骨诱导性,植入人体后对组织无刺激和排斥作用,能与骨形成很强的化学结合,用作骨缺损的充填材料,能为新骨的形成提供支架,发挥骨传导作用,是理想的硬组织替代材料。 MicroRNA(miRNA)：是一类内生的、长度为20-24个核苷酸的单链小分子RNA,由具有发夹结构的70-90个碱基大小的单链RNA前体经过Dicer酶加工后生成,其可以通过几个miRNAs的组合在转录后水平精细调控基因的表达。 背景：多孔羟基磷灰石支架具有良好的体内外成骨效能,但其所涉及的miRNAs复杂调控机制相关研究较少。 目的：探讨多孔羟基磷灰石支架材料介导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨矿化过程中相关miRNA表达谱的变化。 方法：体外分离、培养和鉴定大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,将骨髓间充质干细胞与多孔羟基磷灰石支架共培养为实验组,骨髓间充质干细胞单独培养为空白对照组,分别进行成骨诱导7 d,运用miRNA高通量测序技术分析两组骨髓间充质干细胞成骨矿化过程中相关miRNA表达谱的变化并进行GO分析,筛选出两组中表达差异明显的miRNA分子并进行qRT-PCR验证。 结果与结论：①与空白对照组比较,成骨诱导7 d时实验组BMP2、ALP、Runx2 mRNA表达上调,其中BMP2上调明显(P < 0.05);②microRNA高通量测序结果显示miR-210-3p、miR-146a-5p等13个miRNAs明显上调;let-7c-3p、let-3615等17个miRNAs明显下调;③GO分析上调的miRNA靶基因主要参与生物学调节、细胞基因表达、基因表达调节等,包括NF-κB、Toll样受体9、细胞间黏附、白细胞介素1调节、血管生成、Hippo等信号通路;④实时荧光定量qPCR验证结果显示miRNA-210在实验组上调15倍,miR-146a-5p在实验组上调10倍(P < 0.05);⑤结果表明,新型微渠多孔羟基磷灰石支架可以通过上调骨髓间充质干细胞miRNA-210-3p和miR-146a表达,促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。 ORCID: 0000-0002-8722-1548(郑佳俊) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Hepatic miRNA expression reprogrammed by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmodium chabaudi</Emphasis> malaria

Evidence is accumulating that miRNAs are critically implicated in the outcome of diseases, but little information is available for infectious diseases. This study investigates the hepatic miRNA signature in female C57BL/6 mice infected with self-healing Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. Primary infections result in approximately 50% peak parasitemia on day 8 p.i., approximately 80% survival, and development of protective immunity. The latter is evidenced as 100% survival and 1.5% peak parasitemia upon homolog re-infections of those mice which are still alive on day 56 after primary infection. Such immune mice exhibit increased levels of IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes and still contain P. chabaudi-infected erythrocytes in their livers as revealed by light microscopy and PCR analysis. Primary infections, but not secondary infections, induce an upregulation of hepatic mRNAs encoding IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, NF-κB, and iNOS, and a downregulation of mRNAs for CYP7A1 and SULT2A2, respectively. Using miRXplore microarrays containing 634 mouse miRNAs in combination with quantitative RT-PCR, the liver is found to respond to primary infections with an upregulation of the three miRNA species miR-26b, MCMV-miR-M23-1-5p, and miR-1274a, and a downregulation of the 16 miRNA species miR-101b, let-7a, let-7g, miR-193a-3p, miR-192, miR-142-5p, miR-465d, miR-677, miR-98, miR-694, miR-374^*, miR-450b-5p, miR-464, miR-377, miR-20a^*, and miR-466d-3p, respectively. Surprisingly, about the same pattern of miRNA expression is revealed in immune mice, and this pattern is even sustained upon homolog re-infections of immune mice. These data suggest that development of protective immunity against malarial blood stages of P. chabaudi is associated with a reprogramming of the expression of distinct miRNA species in the female mouse liver.     

Expression profile of microRNAs in fetal lung development of Sprague-Dawley rats

As well-known regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role not only in cell proliferation and differentiation, but also in tumorigenesis and organ development. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAs may be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the human genome. Simultaneously, in the clinic, with advances in neonatal care, a larger number of premature infants are being saved, and thus diseases of lung development, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have become more and more common. However, only a few miRNA studies have studied their connection with diseases of lung development. In our study, we used a miRNA microarray including more than 1891 capture probes to profile the expression of miRNAs at three time points of rat lung development [embryonic (E) Day 16 (E16), E19, E21]. miRNAs found to have consistent fold-changes (fold-change>2.0) during all three time points were selected and validated by real-time PCR. As a result, 167 differentially expressed miRNAs were found during rat lung organogenesis, including 81 upregulated and 86 downregulated miRNAs. Seven miRNAs were selected and characterized by having a consistent >2-fold changes between all three groups. Among these 7 miRNAs, except for let-7a, the other 6 miRNAs (miR-1949, miR-125b-5p, miR-296, miR-93, miR-146b, miR-3560) are all first reported for the first time in lung development. Finally, due to the fact that they demonstrated higher fold changes, from these 7 miRNAs we selected miR-125b-5p, miR-296, miR-93, miR-146b and miR-3560 for real-time PCR. We hypothesized that these newly identified miRNAs may play an important role in fetal lung development, and this experimental result could help us to further clarify the mechanism of normal lung development including the development of type?II pneumocytes. This may provide a physiological basis for future research on diseases of lung development.     

Detection of circulating exosomal miR-17-5p serves as a novel non-invasive diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer patients

Exosome-shuttled bioactive miRNAs act as novel non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis have received increasing attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression signatures of exosomal miRNAs and develop a serum exosome-derived miRNA panel for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The miR-17-92 cluster including 6 miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-18a-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-1-5p, miR-20a-5p and miR-92a-1-5p) was selected as potential diagnostic candidate molecule. Then, expression profiles of the candidate miRNAs were firstly analyzed in 43 pairs of serum samples from the training set by quantitative real-time PCR, and the dysregulated miRNA along with three tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA; cytokeratin 19 fragment, CYFRA21-1; squamous cell carcinoma antigen, SCCA) were further validated in two independent cohorts, which consisted of training set (including 100 NSCLC patients and 90 healthy controls) and validation set (including 72 NSCLC patients and 47 healthy controls). The expression of miR-17-5p was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC patients compared with the healthy controls (P < 0.001), suggesting that miR-17-5p might have considerable clinical value in the diagnosis of NSCLC. Based on the data from the training set, we next used a logistic regression model to construct a 4-molecule panel consisting of miR-17-5p and three tumor markers for NSCLC diagnosis. The performance of such 4-molecule panel was verified with an area under the ROC curve of 0.860 (95% CI = 0.802 to 0.906, sensitivity = 63.0% and specificity = 93.3%) and 0.844 (95% CI = 0.766 to 0.904, sensitivity = 76.4% and specificity = 76.6%) in the training set and validation set, respectively. In conclusion, the newly developed diagnostic panel consisting of exosomal miR-17-5p, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA may have considerable clinical value in the diagnosis of NSCLC.     

Organ-specific testosterone-insensitive response of miRNA expression of C57BL/6 mice to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria

Increasing evidence critically implicates miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diseases, but little is known in context with infectious diseases. This study investigates as to whether the testosterone-induced persistent susceptibility to blood-stage malaria of Plasmodium chabaudi coincides with changes in miRNA expression of the anti-malaria effectors sites spleen and liver. Female C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle or testosterone (T) for 3?weeks. Then, T treatment was discontinued for 12?weeks before challenge with 10(6) P. chabaudi-parasitized erythrocytes. The miRNA expression was examined after 12?weeks of T withdrawal and during infections at peak parasitemia on day?8 p.i. using miRXplore? microarray technology. P. chabaudi infections induce an organ-specific response of miRNA expression. We can identify 25 miRNA species to be downregulated by more than 2-fold in the spleen and 169 miRNA species in the liver. Among these 194 miRNA species, there are 12 common miRNA species that are downregulated by 0.48-0.14-fold in both spleen and liver, which are miR-194, miR-192, miR-193A-3P, miR-145, miR-16, miR-99A, miR-99B, miR-15A, miR-152, let-7G, let-7B, and miR-455-3P. Only in the liver, there is an upregulation of the miR-142-5p by 2.5-fold and miR-342-3p by 5.1-fold. After 12?weeks of T withdrawal, the spleen exhibits only the miR-200A that is upregulated by 2.7-fold. In the liver, miR-376B, miR-493*, and miR-188-3P are upregulated by 2.4-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.1-fold, respectively, and miR-347, miR-200A, and miR-200B are downregulated by approximately 0.4-fold. Upon infection, however, these changes are not sustained, i.e., the miRNA expressions of both spleen and liver of T-pretreated mice exhibit the same response to P. chabaudi malaria as that of vehicle-treated control mice. Our data suggest (1) that the P. chabaudi-induced downregulation of miRNA expression in spleen and liver is required to allow the upregulation of their numerous target genes in response to infection, and (2) that the T-induced persistent susceptibility to P. chabaudi does not affect the responsiveness of miRNA expression in spleen and liver to blood-stage malaria.     

Characterization of microRNA profile in IgE-mediated mouse BMMCs degranulation

BackgroundMast cells play a central role in innate and adaptive immunity by releasing pre-formed and de novo synthesized mediators, which include microRNAs. Although miRNAs have been confirmed to function in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and the immune response, their functions are still limited in mast cells degranulation.MethodsHere, we survey miRNA expression profiles in activated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) with a miRNA microarray and compare the profiles to those from resting BMMCs. Partial miRNAs were selected for confirmation by qPCR, and let-7i was selected for function discover in mast cell degranulation process. TargetScan Mouse database were used for target genes prediction, gene ontology (GO) were used for gene molecular function classifications, and Cytoscape software were used to construct gene network of degranulation.ResultsWe found 13 up-regulated miRNAs and 7 down-regulated miRNAs in DNP activated BMMCs by miRNA microarray; and let-7b, let-7c, let-7d, let-7f, let-7i, and miR-652 were up-regulated, and miR-296-3p was down-regulated in DNP-stimulated BMMCs by qPCR. In the function research, let-7i can inhibit mast cell degranulation by suppress Exco8 expression. Overall, the data indicate that miRNAs participate in mast cell activation, especial for mast cell degranulation process.