经皮椎弓根钉棒置入结合椎体成形治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折

背景：胸腰椎骨折多采用传统开放复位内固定,需要广泛剥离肌肉及软组织以显露骨性标志及植骨床,出血多、创伤大。目前脊柱微创技术受到人们广泛关注。 目的：探讨应用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定结合椎体成形治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的可行性及疗效。 方法：选择2007年9月至 2012年5月黑龙江省大庆龙南医院骨科收治的损伤平面以下无神经功能损害,无需进行椎板减压的单纯胸腰椎骨折患者32例,分为2组,经皮微创组16例应用Sextant经皮椎弓根钉棒系统置入内固定结合椎体成形治疗,传统开放组16例采用传统切开椎弓根内固定治疗。比较两组患者的临床参数及影像学指标。 结果与结论：所有病例随访12-38个月,治疗后患者均恢复椎体高度并矫正椎体后凸畸形。与传统开放组比较,采用Sextant经皮椎弓根钉棒系统置入内固定结合椎体成形组患者创伤小,手术时间短,出血少,住院时间短,恢复快。提示经皮椎弓根钉棒系统置入内固定结合椎体成形治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折操作简便,安全可靠,具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

后路截骨矫形螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰段僵硬性角状后凸畸形：中期随访评价

BACKGROUND: During spinal orthopedic repair, the main difficulty is to maximize the correction of the deformity, simultaneously, to reduce the incidence of trauma and complications, especially to avoid the corresponding spinal nerve injury.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation in the treatment of rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 42 cases of rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine that were treated by one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation. All patients received detailed imaging examination before and after operation. Kyphosis angle, Frankel grading and perioperative complications were recorded in all patients. X-ray films or CT films showed the bone graft fusion during follow-up.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Patients were followed up for 10-36 months after treatment. The average time of bone graft fusion was 5.1 months. Cobb’s angle of kyphosis was corrected from 78.4° (38°-110°) preoperatively to 7°(-8°-24°) at 10 days after treatment. The correction rate was 90%. The average angle during final follow-up was 7.9°, with an average loss of 0.9°. In 16 paresis patients, Frankel grading results showed grade B in 0 case, grade C in 3 cases, grade D in 5 cases, and grade E in 8 cases during final follow-up, showing significant improvement as compared with that pre-treatment (P < 0.05). Among 42 patients, 5 cases had complications. At 7 months after treatment, there were screw and titanium rod loosening at the distal end of the fusion segment in 1 case, cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 cases, transient double lower limb weakness in 1 case, pain in one side of lower limb in 1 case, and no severe complications appeared. These results verified that one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation could achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine. The internal fixation was stable and with a high fusion rate and few complications. The medium-term effect was satisfactory.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

脊髓内移后路矫形内固定修复伴神经损害的脊柱侧后凸畸形：神经电生理及功能的改善

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that nerve function may achieve different degrees of recovery in most patients after transvertebral transposition of the spinal cord for repair of spinal cord nerve compression and kyphoscoliosis. However, the effective mechanism of the proposed method to improve postoperative nerve function is still not clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improvement in neurological outcomes after transvertebral transposition of the spinal cord and posterior correction in patients suffering from neurologic deficit secondary to angular kyphoscoliosis.     

胸腰椎骨折有限元后路矫形复位椎弓根螺钉内固定方案优选分析

目的:采用有限元分析的方法对脊柱胸腰椎骨折术后的不同内固定方式进行优选分析,获得数据分析结果,继而验证临床治疗方案的有效性,具有高度的拟真性和可重复性.方法:采用健康志愿者胸腰椎CT平扫获得的数据,在计算机内采用MINICS软件进行有限元模型重建.使用几何修剪法获得脊柱胸腰椎骨折模型及复位模型,按照临床常用的后路矫形复位内固定方案装配上后路椎弓根螺钉系统.分别对不同运动状态进行生物力学分析,优选出最佳方案.结果:3种不同内固定状态下椎弓根螺钉系统上的应力云图及位移云图均得分析,其中后路经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定的六钉两棒固定法具有明显的优势(P＜0.05).结论:有限元分析方法优选脊柱外科最佳手术方案已经成为目前数字化医学的发展方向之一,为临床诊疗提供充分的数据支持,为个体化设计及手术方案的制定提供了充足的证据.     

Viper脊柱微创系统和椎弓根螺钉内固定修复胸腰椎压缩性骨折

BACKGROUND: Thoracolumbar spine as highly concentrated stress, often prone to vertebral fractures. With the further development of the biomechanics and anatomical structure of the spine, posterior open reduction and internal fixation with pedicle screw has been widely accepted by clinicians.     

腰椎单双侧钉棒系统置入内固定与非内固定修复腰椎间盘突出症的比较

BACKGROUND: At present, there are many types of surgeries for lumbar disc herniation, mainly removal of intervertebral disc and nerve root compression to lessen patient’s symptoms, containing lumbar interbody fusion with internal fixation and non-internal fixation.     

微创经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的 探讨微创经皮椎弓根钉内固定非融合技术治疗单一椎体、无脊髓及神经损伤胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效.方法 选取2013年1月～12月在我院接受手术治疗的单一椎体、无脊髓及神经损伤的胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者40例,以随机分配原则将其分为微创组与对照组,每组各20例.对照组以开放椎弓根螺钉内固定术进行治疗,微创组在透视下微创经皮置入椎弓根钉内固定进行治疗.对两组患者的手术疗效进行观察比较.结果 ①影像学检测结果:两组患者治疗前后在伤椎前缘高度的百分比、矢状面后凸Cobb角与椎间隙高度等指标上均无显著差异(P＞0.05);②手术参数:微创组在切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院日及带支具离床时间等指标上与对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05);③术后疼痛:微创组患者的术后疼痛发生率及术后疼痛程度均明显低于对照组,组间存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 微创经皮椎弓根钉固定非融合技术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折具有损伤小、安全性较高、术后恢复快、并发症少等特点,临床疗效显著,值得临床广泛推广应用.     

经后路椎体次全切除、钛网植骨及椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸、腰椎爆裂骨折或合并脱位

BACKGROUND: Thoracolumbar burst fracture or thoracolumbar fracture dislocation are the common types of fracture in spine surgery. Surgical treatment is often used for this kind of injury. Different surgical methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.      

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定修复单节段胸腰椎骨折：活动度改善12个月随访

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation in repair of single segment of thoracolumbar fracture can overcome quadrilateral effect, get better biomechanical properties, meanwhile, it also can provide three-point fixation, reduce suspension effect, and reduce the formation of kyphosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and incidence of complications of the percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation for treatment of single segment thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: Totally 36 patients with single segment thoracolumbar fractures treated by percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation were enrolled. A total of 36 vertebral bodies were treated: T11=5, T12=8, L1=17, L2=6. The visual analog scale scores before treatment and at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, the Oswestry disability indexes before treatment, at the first week and at the 12th month after treatment, the Cobb angle before treatment, the first day and at the 12th month after treatment were compared and observed. The incidence of complications was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The visual analog scale scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment was significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.001). The Oswestry disability indexes before treatment, at the first week and at the 12th month after treatment were significantly lower those that before treatment (P < 0.001).The Cobb angle before treatment, at the first day and at the 12th month after treatment was significantly smaller than that before treatment (P < 0.001). Only three (8%) patients had complications, including pedicle screw penetrating pedicle into the spinal canal, pedicle screws loosing and the infection in puncture site. These results suggest that percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation for treatment of single segment thoracolumbar fractures can correct kyphosis, improve the thoracolumbar motion, quickly relieve patient’s back pain, and the incidence of complications is low.       

比较不同方式置入椎弓根钉内固定修复胸腰椎爆裂骨折的生物相容性

BACKGROUND: During the repair of thoracolumbar fracture, pedicle screw fixation is a commonly used treatment method. In the process of fixation, the different approaches can be used.  OBJECTIVE: To compare effect and biocompatibility of pedicle screw by percutaneous approach, posterior median approach, and intervertebral space approach for thoracolumbar fracture.  METHODS: 118 cases of thoracolumbar fracture were included after pedicle screw fixation. All patients were divided into three groups according to the approach: posterior median approach group (38 cases), intervertebral space approach group (40 cases) and percutaneous approach group (40 cases). After 12 months of follow-up, perioperative conditions, pain score, vertebral height of anterior border, kyphosis correction effect, adverse events and biological compatibility were compared among three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Operation time, intraoperative bleeding and time in bed after surgery were shorter or less in the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups than in the posterior median approach group. Postoperative drainage was better in percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups than in the posterior median approach group (all P < 0.05). Except drainage in the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups, no significant difference in other indicators was found. (2) Patients received imaging examination at different time points. The percentage of anterior vertebral height and kyphosis were significantly improved immediately after treatment and in final follow-up (all P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected before treatment, immediately after treatment and in final follow-up. (3) Visual Analogue score was identical before treatment. Visual analogue score was lower in the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups than in the posterior median approach group at 24 hours and 3 days after treatment and in final follow-up (all P < 0.05). No significant difference was detectable at 24 hours and 3 days after treatment and in final follow-up between the percutaneous approach and intervertebral space approach groups. (4) No rejection or wound non-healing was seen at 12 months after treatment. Some patients suffered from mild low back pain, which was improved by active symptomatic treatment. (5) These findings suggest that intervertebral space approach percutaneous approach obtained satisfactory outcomes compared with posterior median approach for treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures, and good biocompatibility was found.        

经伤椎置入椎弓根螺钉内固定修复胸腰椎骨折的可行性评价

背景：传统修复单椎体胸腰椎骨折常采用跨伤椎4钉固定,由于存在“平行四边形效应”及“悬挂效应”,容易发生内固定失败,复位高度及矫正角度丢失等并发症,而经伤椎椎弓根钉内固定,可避免或减少上述并发症发生。 目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复单椎体胸腰椎骨折的可行性。 方法：回顾性分析兰州大学第一医院骨科2013年1月至2014年6月收治的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者23例,损伤节段为T11-L2,平均年龄47.8岁,所有患者均在受伤后10 d内接受后路伤椎椎弓根螺钉和相邻上下椎椎弓根螺钉6枚螺钉内固定治疗,观察修复效果,包括术后短期并发症、椎体前缘高度比值及后凸Cobb角,以及脊髓神经功能损伤恢复情况。 d内接受后路伤椎椎弓根螺钉和相邻上下椎椎弓根螺钉6枚螺钉内固定治疗,观察修复效果,包括术后短期并发症、椎体前缘高度比值及后凸Cobb角,以及脊髓神经功能损伤恢复情况。 结果与结论：23例患者随访4-15个月,所有病例治疗后短期内(4-15个月)均未出现严重并发症,末次随访未出现钉棒断裂及内固定松动等情况。治疗后及末次随访所测得椎体前缘高度比值及后凸Cobb角均较治疗前明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),两项指标末次随访与治疗后相比稍有反弹,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。末次随访时大部分患者脊髓神经功能有所恢复。提示经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复单节段胸腰椎骨折,能够有效恢复伤椎高度及矫正后凸畸形,并能保持矫正效果,钉棒断裂发生率低,优势明显。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉置入固定修复胸腰椎骨折的Meta分析

背景：临床上胸腰椎骨折越来越多,但对于胸腰椎骨折固定方式存在较多争论,对于采用经伤椎置钉椎弓根螺钉固定还是传统跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定存在不同观点,尚缺乏循证医学支持。 目的：对经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折固定后效果效果的评价。 方法：按照Cochrane系统评价的方法,检索下列数据库：美国国立医学图书馆数据库、中国知网、万方数数据库,维普数据库并手工检索等方法收集会议文献,检索时间为2005年至2015年3月。收集所有随机对照试验,采用Cochrane协作网提供的软件Revman 4.2进行Meta分析。 结果与结论：通过筛选,总共纳入14个临床对照试验共个956例患者。Meta分析结果显示,伤椎置钉组较跨节段组治疗胸腰椎骨折固定后Cobb角度改善明显(OR=-2.72,95%CI：-3.08至-2.35,P < 0.01)。经伤椎置钉组较跨节段组椎体高度矫正率较高(OR=7.45,95%CI：6.94-7.97,P < 0.01)。经伤椎置钉组较跨节段组相比较内固定失败率较低(OR=0.12,95%CI：0.05-0.27,P < 0.01)。结果证实,经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折相比较固定后Cobb角度改善明显,固定后椎体高度纠正明显以及引起内固定失败率等并发症更少,固定效果较好。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程      

后路椎板减压螺钉置入修复胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓受压：Cobb’s角及伤椎高度随访

BACKGROUND: Due to special physiological and anatomical location, stability of the spine is very complicated during thoracolumbar fractures. It is difficult to identify the stability of the spine. It should be based on their individual circumstances, to explore more effective internal fixation repair method.     

RTS和SEXTANT经皮微创椎弓根螺钉置入修复不稳定胸腰椎骨折：椎体复位高度比较

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the development of minimally invasive techniques, the application of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation techniques gradually become widespread, but in the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures, due to lack of reduction apparatus or power defect, the reduction of the injured vertebra is poor. In order to improve this deficiency, we design a percutaneous pedicle screw system in order to achieve the desired effect of reduction.     

人工骨复合物与经伤椎螺钉置入修复胸腰椎骨折可促进新骨形成

背景：单纯伤椎置钉疗法治疗胸腰椎骨折具有较好的疗效,但存在一定不足,如对于重度压缩或爆裂骨折适用性差、伤椎痛感强、易造成伤椎创面失神经支配和椎旁肌损伤及恢复较慢等。 目的：观察人工骨复合物并伤椎螺钉置入修复胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。 方法：纳入126例胸腰椎压缩骨折患者,其中对照组62例采用常规伤椎放置椎弓根螺钉方法治疗,试验组64例采用人工骨复合物联合伤椎放置椎弓根螺钉方法治疗。随访X射线观察两组骨折愈合、椎体前缘高度百分比、矢状位Cobb角及修复6个月后椎体高度丢失率变化。 结果与结论：所有患者均获得随访,修复后12-16个月,两组骨折椎体愈合完全。修复后1周,两组椎体前缘高度与矢状位Cobb角均较修复前改善(P < 0.01),两组间椎体前缘高度与矢状位Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);修复6个月后,试验组在伤椎创面可见明显新骨生成,患者基本无痛感,对照组新骨生成较慢,患者仍有痛感,两组椎体前缘高度丢失量与矢状位Cobb角矫正丢失量比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。表明人工骨复合物联合伤椎置钉修复胸腰椎骨折促进新骨形成,有利于患者恢复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

前路齿状突螺钉固定与后路寰枢椎融合修复齿状突骨折的Meta分析

BACKGROUND: Many studies concern the comparison of anterior screw fixation and posterior cervical fusion for odontoid fractures, but the sample size of many studies has limitations. There is lack of objective evaluation on advantages and disadvantages of two surgical methods.     

椎弓根单向螺钉及万向螺钉置入内固定修复腰椎骨折的生物力学比较

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have performed three-dimensional finite element analysis on lumbar fracture fixation. However, a few studies concerned three-dimensional finite element analysis of lumbar spinal pedicle screw fixation.     

螺钉置入内固定修复后踝骨折的适应证

背景：累及到后踝的踝关节骨折多存在踝关节不稳定,若不恢复踝关节的稳定性,则后期容易出现创伤性踝关节炎。然而目前后踝骨折内固定的指征仍存争议。 目的：通过比较踝关节骨折中后踝骨折内固定与否的临床疗效差异,探讨后踝骨折切开复位内固定的适应证。 方法：重庆医科大学附属第一医院在2007年1月至2012年1月共收治42例累及后踝的踝关节骨折患者,将治疗前踝关节CT检查中后踝骨折块累及胫骨远端关节面大于10%,或/和移位大于2 mm的27例患者行后踝切开复位螺钉置入内固定治疗(后踝内固定组),将后踝骨折块累及胫骨远端关节面小于10%且移位小于 2 mm的15例患者的后踝行非手术治疗(后踝非内固定组)。治疗后随访两组骨折愈合时间、治疗后并发症及美国足踝外科协会踝与后足评分并进行比较。 结果与结论：42例患者的踝关节骨折均在随访6个月内获得骨性愈合。后踝内固定组中1例患者于治疗后出现踝关节内外侧伤口浅表感染,经抗感染治疗后伤口完全愈合。另外在两组中分别有1例患者治疗后出现伤口皮缘浅表坏死,经换药后伤口愈合。其余患者在随访中无伤口感染、内固定松动、断裂、失效等不良事件发生。根据美国足踝外科协会踝与后足评分标准对治疗后1年踝关节功能进行评价,后踝内固定组为(83.74±10.35)分,其中优10例,良12例,可5例,差0例,优良率为82%;后踝非内固定组为(85.60±10.40)分,其中优7例,良5例,可3例,差0例,优良率为80%,两组踝关节功能评分比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示可将后踝骨折块累及胫骨远端关节面大于10%,或/和移位大于2 mm作为踝关节骨折中后踝内固定的适应证。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：