生长因子对骨骼肌损伤与修复的作用

BACKGROUND: Growth factors involved in the regulation of cellular processes play an important role in the wound healing and tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the role of a variety of cellular processes involving growth factors in the repair of skeletal muscle injury, and to provide the references for the treatment and rehabilitation strategies, and the synthesis of biomaterials with growth factor for the skeletal muscle after injury. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed, Mendeley, Google Scholar, and CNKI databases from 1995 to November 2015 to screen the relevant literatures using the keywords “skeletal muscle, damage repair, insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor, growth factor”. Data screening, processing, and summary were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fifty-one eligible literatures were included. Exercise training promotes the repair and regeneration of the injured skeletal muscle cells and the recovery of the function by activating satellite cells in the sarcolemma and basement membrane to produce the numerous myoblasts. The repair involves the complex biological process regulated by growth factors. Exogenous growth factors up-regulate the mRNA expression of endogenous growth factors, stimulate the proliferation of the myoblasts, accelerate the fusion between myotubes and muscle fibers, promote the repair of skeletal muscle injury, inhibit the formation of scars, thereby enhancing the healing quality. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

骨骼肌生长因子、肌球蛋白及骨骼肌胶原与骨骼肌的损伤与修复

BACKGROUND: Regeneration and repair of injured skeletal muscle are influenced by a variety of factors. Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain and skeletal muscle collagen content are known to be involved in the repair of injured skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the changes and roles of skeletal muscle growth factors, myosin, and collagen in the repair of injured skeletal muscle. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed and Wanfang databases from 2002 to 2015 to screen the relevant literatures. Roles of skeletal muscle growth factors, myosin, and collagen in the repair of injured skeletal muscle was summarized by collecting the data regarding the factors influencing exercise and the repair of injured skeletal muscle, and growth factors involved in the regeneration and repair of injured skeletal muscle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor regulate inflammation after skeletal muscle injury extensively. Myosin heavy chain is considered as a specific marker for skeletal muscle regeneration. Types I and III collagen and fibronectin functioning as a skeleton for skeletal muscle fiber play critical roles in the regeneration and repair of injured skeletal muscle. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

细胞因子对骨骼肌细胞和胰岛β细胞的作用

BACKGROUND: A variety of cytokines such as cytokines, growth factors and inflammatory proteins play an important role in the development of skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biological characteristics of a variety of cytokines and their effects on skeletal muscle cells and pancreatic β cells. METHODS: Relevant articles published from 2002 to 2015 were retrieved in CNKI and PubMed databases using the English keywords “cytokines, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, skeletal muscle cells, pancreatic β cells”. Initially 253 literatures were obtained, and finally 53 eligible literatures were included based on the exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a fat-specific protein newly found, adiponectin can improve the insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake, storage and utilization in skeletal muscle cells. The activation of muscle satellite cells and skeletal myoblast proliferation are both dependent on leptin, so leptin plays a vital role in the skeletal muscle cell growth and development. Visfatin, a pleiotropic cytokine, widely presents in the skeletal muscle, liver and bone marrow, and participates in the regulation of inflammation and immune function. Furthermore, visfatin contributes to glucose uptake and metabolism in the skeletal muscle, and makes considerable effects on the stress and signal transduction of skeletal muscle cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

20 W微波照射骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖与分化：兔骨折内固定模型研究

BACKGROUND:Low power microwave irradiation has been shown to promote the healing of fractures with internal fixation; however, its action mechanisms on the skeletal muscle around the fracture site are unclear. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of low power microwave irradiation (20 W) on the proliferation ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a rabbit model of femoral fracture with internal fixation. METHODS:Forty male New Zealand rabbits were used to establish femoral fracture followed by internal fixation models, and then were equally randomized into spontaneous recovery and microwave treatment groups. Low power microwave irradiation (20 W) was given for 30 consecutive days in the microwave treatment group on day 4 after modeling, while no microwave irradiation was given in the spontaneous recovery group. Rabbit thigh muscles adjacent to the implant were obtained to isolate skeletal muscle satellite cells. Immunohistochemical staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining and quantitative RT-PCR were used to evaluate the ability of the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSON: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that there was no significant difference in the morphology and histology of skeletal muscle tissues between the spontaneous recovery and microwave treatment groups. However, the relative mRNA expression of MyoG in the cultured skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro and the number of α-sarcometric actin-postive cells in the microwave treatment group were significantly increased compared with the spontaneous recovery group (P < 0.05). The proliferative ability of skeletal muscle satellite cells was inhibited at the early stage, but not at the later stage. Our results suggest that low power microwave irradiation (20 W) can promote the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells around the implant in a rabbit model of femoral fracture with internal fixation, and thereby confirm the efficacy and safety of low power microwave irradiation for the internal fixation of fractures. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

神经细胞分泌因子促进骨骼肌细胞生长

BACKGROUND: There is no effective treatment for muscle atrophy caused by peripheral nerve damage. Skeletal muscle cells, a structural unit of muscle contraction, can be used for studies on muscle atrophy when cultured in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the promotion effect of neuron-secreted factors on the growth of skeletal muscle cells in vitro. METHODS: Skeletal muscle cells primary cultured in vitro were divided into two groups: experimental group with neuron-secreted factors, and control group with common culture medium, respectively. Afterwards, the number of skeletal muscle cells and expression level of alpha actin were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of skeletal muscle cells and expression level of alpha actin in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, neuron-secreted factors have the ability of promoting the growth of skeletal muscle cells and may be helpful for denervated muscle atrophy. Subject headings: Tissue Engineering; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle; Actinin; Neurons; Cells, Cultured 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

骨骼肌减少症与运动训练对肌卫星细胞影响的研究现状及展望

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of atrophy or reduction of muscle, causing degenerative changes of muscle functions, appears along with age. Sports training, in which muscle satellite cells are of great importance, is beneficial to increase in muscle mass and improvement of muscle function.  OBJECTIVE:To summarize regulatory mechanism of satellite cells in skeletal muscle mass; changes of satellite muscle cells in the degenerative process of muscle mass and strength; declining and reverse effects of sports training intervention; situations and problems of current research and prospective of the future.  METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed database by using the key words of “sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, satellite cells” from 1986 to 2015. The language was limited to English. The eligible papers were further analyzed and reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 168 papers were screened. Finally, 39 papers were selected according to the titles and objectives. Skeletal muscle atrophy is shown as II type muscle fiber atrophy, and the II type muscle fiber satellite cell content decreases simultaneously. Exercise is beneficial to increase muscle mass and improve muscle function in older people. Both resistance and endurance trainings can increase the skeletal muscle, especially the II muscle fiber satellite cell content with a further increase in the satellite cell activation and proliferation. The number and activation degree of satellite cells are related to muscle aging, and satellite cells and proliferation factors regulate muscle cell formation. Therefore, future researches should not only focus on the increase of satellite cell bank, but also explore effective ways to promote the activation of satellite cells, such as exercise training, nutrition and drugs. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

转化生长因子β信号与肌肉调控

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-β signaling widely existing in cells mediates cell growth, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. The activation of transforming growth factor-β signaling can result in muscular dystrophy. However, there have been some contradictions regarding the effects of the transforming growth factor-β signaling on muscular dystrophy. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest progress in the effects of the transforming growth factor-β signaling on muscle mass and function regulation to provide the solutions for the treatment of muscular dystrophy. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed and Wanfang databases from 2005 to 2015 to screen the relevant literatures using Chinese and English key words “transforming growth factor-β, muscle, regulation mechanism, treatment”. A total of 102 literatures were retrieved, and 22 eligible literatures were included, summarized, and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The activation of transforming growth factor-β signaling as a common cause of most muscle disorders promotes the activation of muscle satellite cells, differentiation of myocytes, myoblast infusion, the expression of muscle-specific proteins, and the inhibition of collagen synthesis, which facilitates muscular fibrosis and scar formation. Transforming growth factor-β signaling is involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal scoliosis, type I diabetes induced skeletal muscle regenerative disorders, myocardial and cardiac remodeling. The inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signaling may result in incomplete muscle recovery. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

蛋白质组学在医学研究中的应用与进展

BACKGROUND: Studies on the proteomics contribute not only to exploring the laws governing life activities, but also to elucidating the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases to find the treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of proteomics in the plateau medical research. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed and Wanfang databases from 1995 to 2015 to screen the relevant literatures using the key words “proteomics, medical research, plateau medicine” in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of approximately 200 English and 60 Chinese relevant literatures were selected and the 59 eligible literatures were included after screening finally. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, the human genome has been decoded through the studies on exploring the proteomics changes under the pathological conditions and the underlying mechanisms. Construction of physiological and pathological mapping based on the human proteome contributes to revealing the novel treatment targets, diagnostic markers, and drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Proteomics has become the frontier and hot research field both at home and abroad, including all the proteins expressed in the tissue, cell or organism, and becomes a bridge between the genome and clinical application. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

运动诱导骨骼肌线粒体生成中沉默信息调节因子1的作用

BACKGROUND:Silent information regulator factor-1 is an energy metabolism regulator newly received attention in sports science, which playing roles in skeletal exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial biogenesis with other regulatory factors. OBJECTIVE:To review the effect and mechanism of silent information regulator factor-1 on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in exercise. METHODS: The PubMed database and Highwire database were retrieved with computer for the articles on exercise, silent information regulator factor-1 and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis from January 2000 to January 2013 with the key words of “SIRT1, AMPK, PGC-1α, mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle, exercise” in English. After primary search, the articles about the association between silent information regulator factor-1 and skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in exercise were selected. Articles on repeated experiment were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totally 165 relevant articles were selected, and articles on repetitive research were excluded, so finaly 62 articles were included. As a NAD+-depended deacetylase, silent information regulator factor-1 induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis by up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator after activated during exercise. The molecular mechanism involved adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α. In recent years, the effect of silent information regulator factor-1 on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis was doubt, the researchers though that silent information regulator factor-1 was not required for exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial biogenesis.Silent information regulator factor-1 plays an important role in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. But protein and activity detection methods are different in experimental results.     

运动员Lisfranc损伤的诊疗策略及研究进展

BACKGROUND: Lisfranc injury is a concealed or low-energy damage in the athletic population. The optimal treatment strategies for Lisfranc injury in the athletes, especially for high-level or professional athletes, remain controversial. Improvement and development in treatment for Lisfranc injury are ongoing. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and problems in surgery in Lisfranc injuries in the athletic population. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed and Web of science databases from June 1909 to June 2014 to screen the relevant articles regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Lisfranc injury using the key words “Lisfranc, injury, athletes”. The irrelevant and duplicate articles were excluded, and finally 43 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the improvement and development in the therapeutic methods for Lisfranc injury, suture button fixation and bioabsorbable screw technology, as novel treatment strategies, have the potential to help restore and/or preserve stability at the tarsometatarsal joints, to avoid the potential risk for internal fixation irritation or the need for removal of hardware after fixation. However, more multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials are required for seeking the optimal treatment for Lisfranc injury. For the athletes with Lisfranc injury, the best treatment option, removal timing of internal fixation devices, and the proper postoperative function exercise performed according the conditions of patients are vital for restoring the professional sports level. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.