囊性低级别子宫内膜间质肉瘤一例

正患者女,51岁。以"不规则阴道流血、排液1年余,加重2个月"入院。妇科检查:阴道见大量烂肉样组织及淡血性液体,子宫增大如孕5个月,活动度可,有压痛。盆腔MRI平扫描示:子宫增大,宫腔明显扩张,伴多发纤细分隔,呈多房囊状蜂窝样改变,受累肌层不同程度疏松,趋于囊性改变,越近宫腔越明显,宫腔内实性分隔呈T1WI、T2WI等信号,囊性成分T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,弥散加权成像(diffusion     

扩散加权成像在低级别胶质瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的评价扩散加权成像（DWI）在颅内低级别胶质瘤中的鉴别诊断价值。方法经病理证实的21例低级别胶质瘤,分为Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤（AC,9例）、少突胶质细胞瘤（OD,5例）和少突星形细胞瘤（OA,7例）三组。测量肿瘤实质、瘤周水肿区及对侧正常白质区的ADC、EDC值,并计算相应的rADC及rEDC值。对三组胶质瘤的各组数据进行统计分析。结果OD组肿瘤实质的ADC和rADC值分别为1．12和1．52,OA组分别为1．14和1．48,两组间无明显差异,但均低于AC组的1．93和12．38（P〈0．01）。OD组肿瘤实质的EDC和rEDC值分别为0．33和H0．70,OA组分别为0．32和0．71,两者问无明显差异,但均高于AC组的0．15和0．34（P〈0．01）。瘤周水肿的各参数在三组胶质瘤间无明显统计学差异。结论DWI在区分OD、OA与AC间具有一定的价值,但难以区分OD与OA。     

Primary follicular lymphoma of colon: A case series and review of literature

Follicular lymphoma of the colon is rare, accounting for 1% to 2% of cases in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the absence of randomized clinical trials, NCCN stage III and IV colonic follicular lymphomas are routinely treated with chemotherapy with good clinical response. We present 2 cases of advanced stage follicular lymphoma of colon that were effectively treated with bendamustine‐based chemotherapy regimens.     

眼附属器淋巴瘤的MRI特点分析

目的分析眼附属器淋巴瘤(OAL)的磁共振成像(MRI)特点,提高人们对该疾病的认识。方法回顾性分析2014年7月至2019年7月经手术病理证实的35例(38只眼)OAL患者的MRI特点。结果单眼发病32例(91.4%),双眼发病3例(8.6%),累及眼睑、结膜18只眼(47.4%),累及泪腺14只眼(36.8%),累及泪囊9只眼(23.7%),累及眼外肌9只眼(23.7%),累及2个以上部位23只眼(60.5%)。以眼外肌为参照,T1WI等信号29只眼(76.3%),稍高信号9只眼(23.7%);T2WI等信号26只眼(68.4%),稍高信号12只眼(31.6%),其内见低信号流空影4只眼(10.5%),伴发同侧副鼻窦炎症10只眼(26.3%);增强扫描轻度强化20只眼(52.6%),中度强化12只眼(31.6%),明显强化6只眼(15.8%);包绕眼球且未侵及球内结构32只眼(84.2%),其中30只眼球壁不变形。结论OAL的MRI表现有一定的特征性,单眼多见,好发于眶隔前组织,并向眶内侵犯,多部位受侵,弥漫性铸型生长,易包绕眼球但眼球不变形是其特点,信号多均匀,增强扫描多呈轻-中度均匀强化。     

腹主动脉瘤术后低场MR随访1例

患者男,78岁,腹主动脉瘤内支架治疗术后3个月余.患者既往有高血压、冠心病病史20余年,3个月前诊断为腹主动脉下段瘤样扩张并周围附壁血栓形成,行介入治疗,现随访复查.腹部平片:自腰2椎体上缘至两侧髂动脉"人"字型金属网状支架影.行腹部MRI检查快速自旋回波序列T1冠、矢、轴位扫描,可见平腰3椎体上缘至第5腰椎上缘腹主动脉呈梭形瘤样扩张,最大直径约5.5 em,并见自腰2椎体上缘至两侧髂动脉"人"字型金属支架影,支架显影清晰,位置及扩张度可.假腔内信号较支架内信号明显增高(图1、2).     

颅内原发性淋巴瘤MRI及PET-CT表现

目的 分析颅内原发性淋巴瘤(IPL)的MRI及PET-CT表现,提高颅内原发性淋巴瘤的术前诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析21例颅内原发性淋巴瘤的临床表现及影像学资料,重点分析病灶的MRI表现,包括肿瘤的位置、大小、形态及各序列上的信号特点及强化特点、瘤周水肿、瘤内坏死情况及FDG代谢情况.所有病例均经病理组织学证实.所有病例均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,其中9例行PET-CT检查.结果 21例患者中,男14例,女7例,年龄28～84岁,其中50岁以上者15例(约71％).共发现70个病灶,单发病灶6例,多发病灶15例;大部分病灶位于中线区域(胼胝体、基底节、丘脑、侧脑室旁);62.9％病灶形态不规则,沿血管间隙、脑回、白质束、脑膜浸润,呈现多种形态.88.5％病灶T1WI上为稍低信号或等信号,T2WI稍高信号或等信号(97.1％);增强后明显强化(75.7％).18FDG PET-CT上8例表现为均匀高代谢.结论 大多数颅内原发性淋巴瘤常规MRI平扫及增强及18FDG-PET-CT上具有一定特点,有助于术前诊断.     

原发性骨骼淋巴瘤的影像学诊断

目的:分析13例骨骼淋巴瘤的影像学特征以探讨其影像学的诊断价值。材料和方法:13例经手术病理证实的骨骼淋巴瘤病例,术前均经平片检查,其中CT检查10例,MR检查9例。结果:4例何杰金淋巴瘤和9例非何杰金淋巴瘤分别累及脊柱6例,长管状骨5例,骨盆2例,病变主要累及脊柱的椎体和长管状骨的骨干,骨质改变为溶骨型9例(69%)和混合型4例(31%),骨质破坏以浸润性虫噬状骨质破坏为主;骨皮质破坏11例,但皮质破坏的程度总是很轻微;骨膜成骨3例(23%),软组织肿块形成7例(54%)。软组织肿块CT表现为低密度或等密度,境界清楚;骨骼MRI T1WI低信号9例,T2WI显示为略低信号2例,等信号2例,高信号5例;软组织肿块的MR信号变化少,T1WI略低于肌肉,T2WI总是略高于肌肉,MR动态增强扫描为轻~中等程度强化。结论:骨骼淋巴瘤影像学特征:①明显的浸润性虫噬状骨质破坏,而骨皮质破坏轻微,骨膜反应少见;②软组织肿块T2WI信号略高,且信号相对均匀。平片、CT和MRI等影像学检查可以作出诊断。     

A rare case report of primary uterine and vaginal lymphoma in the elderly

Uterine lymphoma is rare and usually occurs in middle-aged women. The clinical symptoms lack any specific characteristics. Imaging characteristics usually include uterine enlargement with density and uniform signal soft tissue masses. Magnetic resonance T2 weighted imaging, enhanced scanning, diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values have certain characteristics. The gold standard for diagnosis remains a pathological examination of a biopsy specimen. The special feature of this current case was that the uterine lymphoma occurred in an 83-year-old female patient that presented with a pelvic mass for more than 1 month. Based on the imaging findings, a primary uterine lymphoma was considered, but her advanced age of onset did not match the disease. After pathological confirmation, the patient was diagnosed with uterine lymphoma and she received eight cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) plus local radiotherapy for the large masses. The patients achieved good results. Follow-up enhanced computed tomography imaging showed that the uterine volume had significantly reduced compared with before treatment. The diagnosis of elderly patients with uterine lymphoma can provide a more accurate plan for subsequent treatment.     

原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的临床、病理及影像学特点

原发性乳腺淋巴瘤极少见,其治疗方法与乳腺癌不同,预后比乳腺癌差。该疾病的临床特点及影像学表现与乳腺癌有很大重叠,主要依靠病理诊断和分型。弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤是最常见的病理类型。细针针吸细胞学检查的准确率高于冷冻检查,但两者均难以完全正确诊断。临床上患者通常表现为无痛性肿块,为单个或多结节,少数患者呈弥漫浸润使乳房变硬,局部皮肤受累。原发性乳腺淋巴瘤X线表现大致可分为结节或肿块型及致密浸润型,钙化、毛刺、乳头内陷等罕见。其超声表现复杂多样,可表现为低回声或高回声,部分呈类囊肿样极低回声,伴后方回声增强或无改变,内部血流较丰富。关于乳腺淋巴瘤MRI表现的文献主要见于个案报道,表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI稍高信号,增强扫描早期明显强化,曲线以流出型多见。MRI检查在乳腺淋巴瘤诊断中的作用还不确定。     

MRI联合PET诊断原发性骨淋巴瘤

目的 观察原发性骨淋巴瘤的MRI及PET影像特征,探讨MRI联合PET的诊断价值.方法 收集经病理证实的原发性骨淋巴瘤16例,回顾性分析其MRI和PET表现.结果 单骨侵犯15例(股骨5例,椎体3例,髂骨3例,胫骨2例,桡骨1例,上颌骨1例);多骨侵犯1例(胸骨上段及右侧第7肋骨各一病灶).MRI表现:①16例均见髓腔内局部片状或弥漫性不均匀异常信号,T1WI呈等或稍低或混杂信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,不均匀或均匀强化;②均见明显软组织肿块,15例范围超过骨病变,1例与骨病变相当;T1WI多呈均匀等或稍低信号,T2WI呈均匀或不均匀稍高信号,轻度或中度均匀强化或不均匀强化;3例椎体者为单一椎体压缩性骨折伴局部呈硬膜外和(或)椎旁软组织,软组织范围超过病变椎体.PET:术前PET检查13例,均提示病变局部糖代谢增高,局部放射性浓聚,全身其他部位无异常代谢;3例椎体者均为术后PET检查,术后2个月术区局部复发1例.结论 MRI上原发性骨淋巴瘤骨质破坏小而软组织肿块大,T2WI信号相对较低,具有一定特征性;PET对骨原发性淋巴瘤无特异性,但对确定病变性质、鉴别原发与继发、以及术后随访具有优势.MRI与PET相结合为检查原发性骨淋巴瘤的适当方法.     

DCE-MRI在高、低级别脑胶质瘤及脑膜瘤中的鉴别诊断

目的通过对高、低级别脑胶质瘤和脑膜瘤患者术前行T1动态增强磁共振成像(dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)检查,为上述3种肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供定量依据。材料与方法收集经手术病理证实的脑胶质瘤(低级别胶质瘤7例,高级别胶质瘤12例)和脑膜瘤(良性脑膜瘤13例、间变或恶性脑膜瘤6例)患者各19例,所有患者术前均行DCE-MRI检查。利用血流动力学双室模型Extended Tofts Linear对各组数据进行微血管渗透性定量分析,获取病变实性成分的T1加权信号时间浓度曲线及血流动力学参数[血液渗漏到血管外细胞外间隙速率(转运系数)Ktrans、对比剂血管外细胞外液间隙容积Ve、对比剂血浆容积(血管空间容积分数)Vp],经统计学分析,比较各参数在这3种肿瘤中是否存在统计学差异。结果高级别胶质瘤Ktrans值、Ve值均高于低级别胶质瘤,二者均有统计学差异(P0.05);高级别胶质瘤Vp值略高于低级别胶质瘤,但无统计学差异;脑膜瘤Ktrans、Ve值均显著高于低级别胶质瘤,二者差异有统计学意义(P0.05),脑膜瘤Vp值略高于低级别胶质瘤,但无统计学差异;高级别胶质瘤和脑膜瘤的Ktrans值、Ve值、Vp值差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DCE-MRI能有效将低级别与高级别胶质瘤、低级别胶质瘤与脑膜瘤定量区分开来,同时,通过DCE-MRI定量分析提高了脑胶质瘤和侵袭性脑膜瘤诊断的准确率。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤1例

患者，男，41岁，无明显诱因间断性头痛1周入院。疼痛以晨间为主，由枕后向眼眶部放射，无呕吐及视力下降，无抽搐。查体正常，无外伤史。曾以偏头痛治疗，效果不佳。影像学检查：右侧颢枕叶深部脑白质侧脑室旁见不规则结节影，边界欠清，周围见大片状水肿区．呈棕榈叶样（指压征）；注射对比剂后病灶呈结节状均匀性明显强化（图1～3）。MRI诊断：胶质瘤，以间变型星形细胞瘤可能性大，不能排除单发转移性肿瘤。     

完全囊变的斜坡脊索瘤1例

患者,女,14岁。因“阵发性头痛3月,加重2月”入院。既往体健,无恶心、呕吐、眩晕、复视及抽搐等,体检病理征阴性。     

Two case reports of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas

Primary adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, non-functioning adrenal benign tumor that is composed of mature adipose tissue and a variable amount of haemopoietic elements. Clinically, it is difficult to get diagnosed with adrenal myelolipoma because the patient usually doesn't have obvious symptoms and signs in early stage. In the present study, two cases of primary bilateral adrenal myelolipomas are reported. Clinical presentation, imaging diagnostic features, histopathological changes and surgical treatments of the two patients are discussed. Preoperative diagnostic imaging examinations(B-mode ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging sans) assisted getting a prediction diagnosis of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas. A two-stage surgery was used to successfully excise bilateral adrenal myelolipomas in the two patients. Conventional open adrenalectomy was applied to remove the adrenal myelolipomas greater than 6 cm, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed to excise the adrenal tumors smaller than 6 cm. Bilateral adrenal myelolipomas of the two patients were finally confirmed by postoperative histopathological examinations. Understanding clinical, imaging diagnostic and histopathological features of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas will facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Surgical removal of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas is safe, curative and beneficial.The two-stage surgery appears to be the best treatment option for the patients with bilateral adrenal myelolipomas because it achieves optimal treatment effectiveness with minimized sequelae.     

胸部恶性淋巴瘤的影像学表现

目的 回顾分析胸部恶性淋巴瘤的影像学表现,评价普通平片,ＣＴ和ＭＲ在胸部淋巴瘤诊断中的作用。方法 本组１３５例恶性淋巴瘤均经病理证实。全部患者有胸部Ｘ线片,２３例进行了胸部ＣＴ扫描,６例进行了胸部ＭＲ扫描。结果 １３５例恶性淋巴瘤发现６２例有胸部病变。纵隔肺门淋巴结增大３９例,肿块（结节）阴影４例,渗出实变阴影１３例,粟粒阴影６例,胸腔积液２９例,心包积液７例,肋骨破坏２例,骨髓浸泣１２例。结论     

原发骨骼肌非霍奇金淋巴瘤的影像学表现特点

目的分析6例原发性非霍奇金肌肉淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特点,提高对本病的认识.方法回顾分析经病理学证实的6例原发性非霍奇金肌肉淋巴瘤病人的CT、MRI和病理资料,均行CT和MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果 1例为单块肌肉受累,5例为多块相邻肌肉受累.CT平扫及MRI T1WI信号与周围正常肌肉相似,T2WI高于肌肉信号,且内部信号轻度不均匀;CT、MRI增强扫描显示病变密度或信号高于正常肌肉.病变肌肉呈弥漫性增大,累及整块肌肉.结论原发骨骼肌非霍奇金淋巴瘤CT和MRI表现为肌肉弥漫性膨胀,密度或信号均匀,于CT和MRI TIWI上与肌肉呈等密度或信号,MRI T2WI上呈高信号.增强扫描呈弥漫性均匀强化.     

眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现及文献复习(附7例报告)

目的:研究眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断能力。方法:7例经病理证实的眼眶原发淋巴瘤患者均经CT平扫增强和延迟扫描,其中3例行MRI平扫加增强扫描。回顾性分析CT及MR的影像学表现。结果:双侧眼眶原发淋巴瘤2例,分别位于双侧结膜和泪腺。单侧眼眶淋巴瘤5例。1例位于泪道;另4例跨越眶隔前后部呈不规则铸型累及泪腺及泪道,其中3例浸润肌锥内外间隙。所有病例均未见眼外肌推压移位、眼环增厚与变形。2例可见眶骨明显骨质破坏。所有病变CT平扫呈软组织肿块,密度类似于眼外肌,边缘清晰,增强后,4例呈中度强化,3例呈轻度强化,延迟期中度强化4例密度下降,轻度强化3例无明显变化。MRI上3例肿块在T1WI和T2WI上与眼外肌信号相比,呈等信号,增强后2例病变信号强度高于眼外肌。所有病变在CT、MRI上均呈匀质性。结论:眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,能够高度提示该病的诊断。     

脾硬化性血管瘤样结节样转化1例

患者女,41岁,主因“左上腹阵发性隐痛1个月,加重1天伴绞痛1h”入院.查体未见明显异常,肿瘤标志物、血常规、肝肾功能、电解质均正常.CT:脾实质前部团块状稍低密度灶,边界不清,密度欠均匀,增强呈向心性强化,动脉期病灶边缘环状强化,门静脉期强化范围稍扩大,延迟期强化范围推进至病灶中央,但中央裂隙样低密度灶始终未见强化.     

脊柱淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的 探讨脊柱淋巴瘤的影像学表现,评价CT、MRI在其诊断中的价值.方法 16例病理证实的脊柱淋巴瘤患者接受CT检查,12例接受MRI检查.结果 16例患者年龄8～63岁,共65个脊椎受累,颈、胸、腰骶椎分别为15、22、28个.11例患者病灶为多发、连续性,其中3例伴跳跃性分布.CT示病灶为溶骨、成骨、混合性骨质破坏及骨质破坏不明显各13、27、10、15个.MRI病灶以T1WI低或等信号、T2WI等和稍高信号为主.CT及MRI均显示椎管内侵犯范围较椎体破坏范围广泛的特点.结论 CT病灶呈多种形式骨质破坏,MRI以T1WI低或等、T2WI等和稍高信号为主,病灶易侵及椎旁或硬膜外间隙,沿椎管呈纵向分布;MRI对显示病灶较CT更清晰、敏感,部分病灶MRI可见信号异常而CT无明显骨质改变.