磷酸钙人工骨联合雷洛昔芬修复兔下颌骨缺损

背景：雷洛昔芬是第3代选择性雌激素受体调节剂,可减少骨量的丢失,增加骨组织中的矿物质含量,降低骨折风险。 目的：观察雷洛昔芬结合自固化磷酸钙人工骨修复兔下颌骨缺损的效果。 方法：在36只新西兰大白兔左侧下颌骨制作8 mm×4 mm×3 mm的缺损模型,随机分组,实验组12只植入自固化磷酸钙人工骨,并给予雷洛昔芬7.5 mg/(kg•d);药物组12只给予雷洛昔芬7.5 mg/(kg•d);人工骨组12只植入自固化磷酸钙人工骨。分别于治疗4,8,12周取下颌骨标本,免疫组织化学法观察骨形态发生蛋白2的表达,激光共聚焦显微镜观察转化生长因子β的表达。 结果与结论：实验组治疗后4,8周时的骨形态发生蛋白2免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞数明显高于药物组与人工骨组,治疗后12周时实验组骨改建基本完成,骨形态发生蛋白2免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞数目低于其他两组。实验组转化生长因子β免疫荧光染色表达为逐步升高,到第8周时达到峰值,而药物组和人工骨组的转化生长因子β免疫荧光表达从4-12周一直呈上升状态,趋近于最高峰。说明雷洛昔芬能够促进自固化磷酸钙人工骨在骨缺损过程中骨形态发生蛋白的早期表达及早期骨痂的形成,加快骨缺损修复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

α-磷酸三钙骨移植材料在骨科领域应用的研究与进展

BACKGROUND: As one of the important bone substitute materials in bone tissue engineering, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) has been widely applied and researched. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the newest research progress about α-TCP as a kind of bone substitute material, and to prospect its development. METHODS: The first author searched the relative literatures addressing α-TCP as a bone substitute material published from January 1965 to August 2015 in PubMed, FMJS, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM databases. The keywords were “alpha tricalcium phosphate, composite material, bone graft, bone substitution material” in English and Chinese, respectively. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 42 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: α-TCP is one of calcium phosphate compounds which has been extensively applied and researched. It holds good bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, biodegradation and osteoconductivity except osteoinduction. Therefore, combining α-TCP with inorganic or organic factors to establish the composite material cannot only overcome the shortage of α-TCP in physicochemical characteristics, but also provide a mixed material with better resilience that is easy for cells to adhere, shorten bone reconstruction time, and even can carry antibacterial drugs. All these improvements will markedly shorten the bone repair time and provide a new idea for future development of bone graft materials.     

高黏度骨水泥椎体成形治疗Kümmell病

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty has been gradually used to treat Kümmell disease because of less trauma and quick pain relief, but there is still a high rate of bone cement leakage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement plus hyperextension position reset for treatment of Kümmell’s disease. METHODS: The clinical data of 17 patients with Kümmell’s disease were retrospectively analyzed, including 5 males and 12 females, aged 55-83 years, and all underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement plus hyperextension position reset. The visual analog scale, Oswestry disability index score, vertebral body height and vertebral kyphosis angle were determined. The bone cement leakage, pulmonary embolism, adjacent vertebral fractures and other complications were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the 12th month of follow-up, the visual analog scale scores, Oswestry disability index scores and vertebral kyphosis angle of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment  (P < 0.05), the vertebral body height was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, there were three cases of bone cement leakage, which had no special discomfort and neurological symptoms, and one case of new fractures. These results demonstrate that hyperextension position reset combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement in treatment of Kümmell’s disease can effectively relieve back pain, improve function of the lower back, partially restore vertebral height and reduce kyphosis angle.      

可塑型生物活性骨修复材料的制备及性能表征

背景：国外研制的可注射性硫酸钙骨替代材料具有操作简便、生物相容性好、能够注射入骨缺损处、原位固化、适应骨缺损进行塑形等优点,但价格昂贵。 目的：研究以α-半水硫酸钙为主要成分可塑型骨修复材料的最佳制备参数,并对其性能进行研究和表征。 方法：使用汽热法制备粉末,将α-半水硫酸钙粉末与透明质酸钠固化液分别按液固比0.2,0.25,0.3,0.35,0.4 mL/g混合,制备可注射人工骨材料,检测其注射性能、凝固时间和抗压强度;根据检测结果选择最佳液固比0.3 mL/g,在α-半水硫酸钙粉末中分别加入质量分数为1%,2%,3%的二水硫酸钙粉末,制备可注射人工骨材料,检测其注射性能、凝固时间和抗压强度,同时检测可注射骨材料的生物安全性。将液固比为     0.3 mL/g并加入2%二水硫酸钙制备的可注射人工骨材料植入巴马小型猪胸骨缺损模型,植入后8,16,24周进行组织学观察。 结果与结论：α-半水硫酸钙粉末与透明质酸钠固化液液固比为0.3 mL/g,加入质量分数2%二水硫酸钙粉末制备的可注射人工骨材料,初凝时间为4.0-5.0 min,终凝时间为8.0-9.0 min,抗压强度(8.93±0.23) MPa,具备良好的注射性能,符合临床要求的凝固时间及作为非负重骨缺损修复要求的抗压强度,并具有良好的生物安全性。动物植入实验表明可注射人工骨材料通过自身降解,可为新生骨的爬行替代提供空间,具有一定的成骨活性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

β-磷酸三钙煅烧骨修复兔股骨远端骨缺损

背景：自体骨兼具骨引导和骨诱导特性而成为修复骨缺损的金标准,但其来源有限,促使研究人员去寻找各类骨移植替代物。 目的：观察β-磷酸三钙煅烧骨作为骨移植替代物修复兔股骨远端骨缺损的效果。 方法：制备直径5 mm,深12 mm的兔股骨远端骨缺损模型,实验侧骨缺损部位植入β-磷酸三钙煅烧骨试件,对照侧仅制造骨缺损模型,不植入任何材料。观察实验动物手术切口局部情况,并制备病理切片,观察材料植入后的骨长入情况。 结果与结论：骨缺损部位植入β-磷酸三钙煅烧骨试件后,实验动物的切口愈合良好,在术后4周可以观察到骨缺损周边开始形成新骨,并随着时间的延长新骨形成量逐渐增多,至术后12周时,材料中心部位也可见新骨长入,材料逐渐降解,而对照侧直至术后12周时骨缺损部位仍无新骨长入。结果显示β-磷酸三钙具备良好的成骨性能,是一种优良的骨移植替代物。     

纳米级多孔负载人骨形成蛋白2基因修饰支架对前成骨细胞株分化的影响

BACKGROUND: Bone tissue transplantation or osteogenic material filling is after used for bone defect repair. To remove autologous bone tissues can lead to additional damage and secondary deformity, therefore, it is extremely urgent to search for a new osteogenic material. OBJECTIVE: To construct the porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/collagen scaffold modified with human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP2) gene, and to observe its effects on differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cell lines. METHODS: The porous β-TCP/collagen scaffold modified with hBMP2 gene was prepared. Then in vitro culture system of MC3T3-E1 cell lines with composite scaffold was established. There were scaffold and plate groups, and each group was divided into two subgroups according to the different concentrations of plasmid. Samples were collected and observed morphologically by scanning electron microscope and light microscope after complex culture. After 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of induction, calcium nodules were observed through alizarin red staining, the cell cycle was detected by real-time PCR, and expressions of α I-chain collagen type I gene, Osterix and bone sialoprotein were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of cells adhered, differentated and distributed on the composite scaffold was significantly higher than that of the single scaffold (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining and real-time PCR detection showed that the osteogenesis ability of MC3T3-E1 cell lines in the scaffold group was stronger than that in the plate group. To conclude, the porous β-TCP/collagen scaffold modified with hBMP2 gene is an appropriate candidate for bone defect repair.     

纳米双相陶瓷人工骨的成骨及降解

背景：烧结后的纳米羟基磷灰石结晶度很高,在体内很难降解;纳米β-磷酸三钙的降解速度太快,不利于体内生物组织在材料上附着,不利于引导成骨。 目的：观察纳米羟基磷灰石/纳米β-磷酸三钙双相陶瓷人工骨的成骨及降解性能。 方法：将36只青紫蓝兔随机分为实验组、对照组及空白组,制作左侧挠骨缺损模型,实验组与对照组分别植入纳米羟基磷灰石/纳米β-磷酸三钙双相陶瓷人工骨、纳米羟基磷灰石人工骨,空白组不植入任何材料。术后4,8,12周观察成骨和材料降解情况。 结果与结论：①术后12周时X射线：实验组可见材料基本降解,连续性骨痂通过骨缺损部位。对照组材料未见明显降解,骨缺损处有骨痂修复。空白组骨缺损未见修复。②术后12周时组织学观察：实验组材料孔隙内以骨细胞和成骨细胞为主,有少量软骨细胞,出现散乱的骨松质,材料完全降解。对照组材料孔隙内以骨细胞为主,有少量成骨细胞和软骨细胞,材料未见明显降解。空白组可见纤维结缔组织及胶原纤维。③术后12周时扫描电镜观察：实验组材料降解,骨缺损部位被新生骨松质取代。对照组材料未见降解,骨缺损部位大都被新生骨松质取代。空白组无明显骨重建。表明纳米羟基磷灰石/纳米β-磷酸三钙双相陶瓷人工骨具有良好成骨能力及降解性能。     

钛合金与不锈钢内固定材料置入修复脊柱结核的生物相容性

背景：钛合金和不锈钢是两种较为常用的内固定植入材料,但两种材料的治疗效果和生物相容性存在一定的差异。 目的：分析钛合金和不锈钢内固定材料置入治疗脊柱结核的效果及生物相容性。 方法：纳入脊柱结核患者71例,其中男35例,女36例,年龄17-81岁,35例进行钛合金内固定材料置入治疗,36例进行不锈钢内固定材料置入治疗。随访12个月,分析两组脊柱后凸畸形角度变化、治疗效果、Frankel脊髓损伤分级及材料生物相容性。 结果与结论：两组治疗前的脊柱后凸畸形角度、Frankel脊髓损伤分级比较差异无显著性意义,两组治疗后末次随访的脊柱后凸畸形角度、Frankel脊髓损伤分级均较治疗前明显改善(P < 0.05),但两组间比较差异无显著性意义;钛合金内固定组治愈34例(97%),不锈钢内固定组治愈33例(92%),两组间治愈率比较差异无显著性意义。两种材料均具有良好的生物相容性,未发生感染等不良反应。表明在脊柱结核治疗过程中,置入钛合金或不锈钢内固定材料均能获得良好的效果,并具有良好的生物相容性。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

可吸收生物玻璃注射体在骨质疏松大鼠椎体内的支撑及诱导成骨机制

文章快速阅读：  文题释义：可吸收生物玻璃注射体：为生物玻璃与磷酸钙骨水泥的复合物,主要成分为SiO₂、CaO、P₂O₃和Na₂O,与人体骨类似,能够在材料界面与人体骨组织之间形成牢固化学键,增加连接强度,提高移植物与界面的稳定性,传导性优于磷酸钙骨水泥。骨质疏松症模型：目前临床中主要有7种动物模型：①绝经后骨质疏松症模型,通过手术或药物“去势法”,模拟人类绝经后雌激素缺乏而导致的骨质疏松,最符合人体骨质疏松的发病特点,为目前研究骨质疏松症模型应用最多的模型方法;②老年性骨质疏松症模型,是目前惟一一种能证明增龄性骨脆性骨折的理想模型;③老年男性骨质疏松症模型可通过将雄性大鼠去睾18周;④内分泌代谢性骨质疏松症模型,可将雌性Wistar大鼠制成糖尿病模型后进行去势手术;⑤营养缺乏性骨质疏松症模型,通过高蛋白低钙饮食可模拟膳食不平衡导致的骨质疏松;⑥药物性骨质疏松症模型,通过糖皮质激素、维甲酸导致骨质疏松;⑦失用性骨质疏松症模型,通过全身或局部制动方法来模拟临床中继发骨折或其他手术后不同程度的制动,而导致的骨质疏松。 背景：生物玻璃与磷酸钙骨水泥复合形成的可吸收生物玻璃注射体,能在材料界面与人体骨组织之间形成牢固化学键,提高移植物与界面的稳定性。 目的：观察可吸收生物玻璃注射体在骨质疏松大鼠模型椎体内的支撑及诱导成骨机制。 方法：切除30只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢,制备骨质疏松模型。造模成功后,随机分成3组,在L3-5椎体骨缺损处分别置入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、注射性磷酸钙骨水泥和可吸收生物玻璃注射体。置入后12周取置入节段椎体,进行生物力学、降解性能、Ca、P、碱性磷酸酶、骨密度、骨形态发生蛋白2和转化生长因子β水平检测,以及骨组织切片观察。  结果与结论：可吸收生物玻璃注射体组的降解性能、抗压强度、表面羟基磷灰石沉积量、骨密度显著高于其余两组(P < 0.05),骨小梁相对体积、厚度和数量显著大于其他两组(P < 0.05),血清Ca、碱性磷酸酶、骨形态发生蛋白2和转化生长因子β水平显著高于其他两组(P < 0.05),血清P水平低于其他两组(P < 0.05)。结果表明,可吸收生物玻璃注射体可增强骨质疏松椎体内支撑力,诱导成骨,可能与提高骨形态发生蛋白和转化生长因子β的表达有关。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程 ORCID: 0000-0003-3640-1589(郑红梅)     

转化生长因子β1对多孔钽/MG63成骨样细胞复合物细胞增殖及分泌功能的影响

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that the Chinese porous tantalum made in China has non-toxicity and good biocompatibility, which can promote osteogenesis.             

新型可吸收骨水泥的制备及其应用于小牛椎体标本压缩性骨折椎体成形术的生物力学研究

目的 探讨聚富马酸丙二醇酯（PPF）/β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP）制备新型可吸收骨水泥的配方及其应用于小牛椎体标本压缩性骨折椎体成形术的生物力学性能研究。方法 采用两步法制备PPF,使用凝胶渗透色谱仪测量PPF的数均分子量、重均分子量及聚合度分布指数,使用MR氢谱对PPF进行结构分析。将制备好的PPF与β-TCP按照10∶1、5∶1、3∶1、2∶1配制不同热交联反应体系,制备4种不同配方的PPF/β-TCP可吸收骨水泥,选择抗压强度和压缩模量均较高的骨水泥进行后续实验。选取2~3岁健康小牛腰椎L₁~L₄节段标本4具,分离出16个椎体,使用牙托粉填平每个椎体的椎板凹陷部位,测量每个椎体的受力面积。选择椎体受力面积相近的10个椎体,按数字表法随机分为PPF/β-TCP组和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）组,每组5个。PMMA组和PPF/β-TCP组椎体使用MTS-858力学机器制备压缩性骨折模型,对比2组完成模型制备时的椎体高度、抗压强度和刚度。PPF/β-TCP组和PMMA组分别使用PPF/β-TCP骨水泥和标准PMMA骨水泥对压缩骨折模型行椎体成形术,对比2组骨水泥注入量,术后椎体高度、椎体恢复百分比,椎体抗压强度、刚度。结果 PPF数均分子量为1 637±55,重均分子量为1 741±68,聚合分布指数为1.06。MR氢谱结构分析提示反应产物为PPF。配方1~4 PPF/β-TCP可吸收骨水泥抗压强度分别为（53.5±1.5）、（63.2±0.4）、（97.9±5.5）、（100.8±3.2）MPa,压缩模量分别为（0.97±0.04）、（1.05±0.05）、（1.10±0.10）、（0.45±0.18）GPa。选取压缩模量与抗压强度均高的配方3 PPF/β-TCP可吸收骨水泥用于椎体成形术。PPF/β-TCP组和PMMA组小牛椎体标本的椎体体积、高度、受力面积差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。PPF/β-TCP组和PMMA组的椎体压缩性骨折后高度、椎体成形术后椎体高度以及椎体高度恢复百分比差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。组内比较：PPF/β-TCP组椎体压缩性骨折椎体成形手术前后椎体抗压强度分别为（2 282±341）N和（1 848±219）N,椎体刚度分别为（215±27）N/mm和（182±15）N/mm,差异均无统计学意义（t=2.14、2.13,P值均>0.05）;PMMA组压缩性骨折椎体成形手术前后抗压强度分别为（2 350±289）N和（3 105±452）N,椎体刚度分别为（221±26）N/mm和（296±37）N/mm,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.81、3.21,P值均<0.05）。组间比较：PPF/β-TCP组与PMMA组术中骨水泥注入量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;PPF/β-TCP组与PMMA组发生压缩性骨折时椎体抗压强度和刚度差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）,椎体成形术后椎体抗压强度和刚度PMMA组均大于PPF/β-TCP组,差异均有统计学意义（t=4.99、5.61,P值均<0.05）。结论 PPF与β-TCP按照3∶1配制的可吸收骨水泥具有与人椎体力学性能相近、交联温度低等特点。在治疗小牛椎体压缩性骨折模型时,PPF/β-TCP可吸收骨水泥与PMMA骨水泥术中注入量相近,两者恢复椎体高度的效果相当;且PPF/β-TCP可吸收骨水泥注入后椎体力学性能优于注入PMMA骨水泥者,具有替代PMMA骨水泥治疗椎体压缩性骨折的潜力。     

β-磷酸三钙/α-半水硫酸钙复合人工骨体外降解速度可与成骨一致

背景：骨修复材料的理想降解速度应该与新骨形成速度相匹配,逐渐被新生骨逐渐爬行替代。 目的：探讨β-磷酸三钙/α-半水硫酸钙复合人工骨的体外降解速度。 方法：将β-磷酸三钙/α-半水硫酸钙复合人工骨、β-磷酸三钙、α-半水硫酸钙试件置于PBS模拟体液中,测量不同浸泡时间的pH变化、试件降解率和压缩强度变化。 结果与结论：在模拟体液中复合人工骨和α-半水硫酸钙的pH值随时间延长逐渐降低,而β-磷酸三钙的pH值变化不大,4周后复合人工骨的pH值稳定在5.6左右。PBS模拟体液浸泡过程中,复合人工骨与α-半水硫酸钙的质量和压缩强度均随时间延长而不断降低,而β-磷酸三钙的质量随时间的变化降低较小。说明β-磷酸三钙/α-半水硫酸钙复合人工骨通过物理溶解而逐渐降解,其体外降解率介于β-磷酸三钙和α-半水硫酸钙之间。     

Novel tricalcium silicate/monocalcium phosphate monohydrate composite bone cement

In this paper, we obtained a novel bone cement composed of tricalcium silicate (Ca(3)SiO(5); C(3)S) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM). The weight ratio of MCPM in the cement is 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The initial setting time was dramatically reduced from 90 min to 30 min as the content of MCPM reached 20%. The workable paste with a liquid/powder (L/P) ratio of 0.8 mL/g could be injected for 2-20 min (nozzle diameter 2.0 mm). The pH variation of the composite cement in simulated body environment was obviously lowered. The compressive strength of the composite cement after setting for 4-28 days was slightly lower than that of the tricalcium silicate paste. The in vitro bioactivity was investigated by soaking in simulated body fluid for 7 days. The result showed that the novel bone cement had good bioactivity and could degrade in tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane-hydrochloric-acid (Tris-HCl) solution. Our result indicated that the Ca(3)SiO(5)/MCPM paste had good hydraulic properties, bioactivity, and degradability. The novel bone cement could be a potential candidate as bone substitute.     

Morphological and histological analysis on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> degradation of poly (propylene fumarate)/(calcium sulfate/β-tricalcium phosphate)

Poly (propylene fumarate)/(Calcium sulfate/β-tricalcium phosphate) (PPF/(CaSO₄/β-TCP)) is a kind of biodegradable composite designed for bone tissue engineering. The in vitro degradation behavior of this composite has been investigated in our previous study. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PPF molecular weight and CaSO₄/β-TCP molar ratio on the in vivo degradation of PPF/(CaSO₄/β-TCP) composite and the bone tissue response to PPF/(CaSO₄/β-TCP). Total 36 PPF/(CaSO₄/β-TCP) composite samples were implanted into 15.0 mm segmental defects in tibiae of 18 Japanese rabbits, harvested at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the operation, and analyzed using radiographic and histological analysis to assess the in vivo degradation of the composites as well as tissue response to the implants. The in vivo degradation results show that all the samples maintained their original shape. Tissues penetrated into the pores which formed by the degradation of CaSO₄/β-TCP spheres near the surface of the composites. The rate of in vivo degradation and pore forming increased with a decrease in PPF molecular weight and an increase in CaSO₄/β-TCP molar ratio. No inflammatory reaction was observed after implantation, and the composites are capable of in situ pore forming. In particular, the pore forming rate can be adjusted by varying the composition of the composites. These results may indicate that PPF/(CaSO₄/β-TCP) is a promising osteogenic scaffold for its controllable degradation rate and excellent biocompatibility.     

复合水凝胶人工角膜裙边支架材料的生物相容性评价

背景：β-磷酸三钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶具有高含水量、良好柔软性优点,有利于成纤细胞生长及胶原沉积,适用于做人工角膜裙边支架材料。 目的：评价β-磷酸三钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶人工角膜裙边支架材料的生物相容性。 方法：①迟发型超敏反应：在豚鼠脊柱两侧皮内由头到尾分别注射A液(完全弗氏佐剂与生理盐水等体积混合液)、B液(β-磷酸三钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶浸提液或生理盐水或2-巯基苯并噻唑)、C液(A液与B液等体积混合稳定性乳化剂),并进行局部诱导及激发。②急性全身性毒性实验：由昆明小鼠尾静脉分别注射生理盐水与β-磷酸三钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶浸提液。③体外细胞毒性实验：分别以β-磷酸三 钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶浸提液、细胞培养液及含苯酚的细胞培养液培养MRC-5细胞。④皮内反应：在兔脊柱皮内分别注射β-磷酸三钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶生理盐水(或芝麻油)浸提液、生理盐水及芝麻油。 结果与结论：β-磷酸三钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶人工角膜裙边支架材料的迟发型超敏反应分级为0-1级,急性全身毒性实验结果为正常无症状,体外细胞毒性均为0级或1级,皮内反应为极轻微。表明β-磷酸三钙/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶人工角膜裙边支架材料生物相容性指标达到生物植入医用材料的要求。     

Effect of sodium carbonate solution on self-setting properties of tricalcium silicate bone cement

In this study, the effects of sodium carbonate (Na(2)CO(3) ) solution with different concentrations (10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%) as liquid phase on the setting time and compressive strength of tricalcium silicate bone cements are investigated. The in vitro bioactivity and degradability of the resultant Ca(3)SiO(5)-Na(2)CO(3) solution paste was also studied. The results indicate that as the concentration of Na(2)CO(3) solution varies from 0 to 25 wt%, the initial and final setting time of the cement decrease significantly from 90 to 20 min and from 180 to 45 min, respectively. After setting for 24 h, the compressive strength of Ca(3)SiO(5)-Na(2)CO(3) solution paste reaches 5.1 MPa, which is significantly higher than that of Ca( 3)SiO(5)-water cement system. The in vitro bioactivity of the cements is investigated by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The results show that the Ca(3)SiO(5)-Na(2)CO( 3) solution bone cement has a good bioactivity and can degrade in Ringer's solution. The results indicate that Na(2)CO(3) solution as a liquid phase significantly improves the self-setting properties of Ca( 3)SiO(5) cement as compared to water. The Ca(3)SiO( 5) cement paste prepared using Na(2)CO(3) solution shows good bioactivity and moderate degradability, and the Ca(3)SiO( 5)-Na(2)CO(3) solution system may be used as degradable and bioactive bone defect filling materials.     

β-磷酸三钙/聚磷酸钙纤维/聚左旋乳酸支架复合骨髓基质细胞修复节段性骨缺损

背景：组织工程β-磷酸三钙/聚磷酸钙纤维/聚左旋乳酸支架材料具有良好的生物相容性。 目的：评估骨髓基质细胞与β-磷酸三钙/聚磷酸钙纤维/聚左旋乳酸复合体修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损成骨的效果。 方法：取新西兰大白兔40只,建立桡骨双侧大段骨缺损模型,其中35只右侧植入自体骨髓基质细胞与β-磷酸三钙/聚磷酸钙纤维/聚左旋乳酸复合物作为实验组,左侧植入β-磷酸三钙/聚磷酸钙纤维/聚左旋乳酸支架材料作为对照组;另5只作为空白对照不作任何处理。植入后4,8,12,16周拍摄X射线片观察骨缺损修复情况。 结果与结论：实验组术后2周可见缺损处有散在的、少量模糊状骨痂生成,术后4周可见明显骨生成影像,成云雾状,均匀分布在骨缺损区,术后8周整个缺损区均可见骨痂生成,成骨现象更加明显,部分髓腔已通,术后12~16周,缺损区已完全被新生骨组织充填,骨髓腔已完全再通,修复区较正常桡骨细,骨缺损修复效果明显优于对照组与空白对照组(P < 0.01)。说明自体骨髓基质细胞与β-磷酸三钙/聚磷酸钙纤维/聚左旋乳酸复合移植可较完全修复大节段骨缺损。     

氟转化涂层镁合金材料与诱导后人骨髓间充质干细胞的相容性*

背景：氟转化涂层的AZ31B镁合金和β-磷酸三钙涂层的AZ31B镁合金是中科院金属研究所新研制的镁合金,是否具有良好的生物相容性尚不确切。 目的：以诱导的人骨髓间充质细胞作为检测细胞,评价氟转化涂层的AZ31B镁合金和β-磷酸三钙涂层的AZ31B镁合金材料的细胞相容性。 方法：实验分为镁合金AZ31B组,氟转化涂层的AZ31B镁合金组和β-磷酸三钙涂层的AZ31B镁合金组。以诱导的人骨髓间充质细胞作为检测细胞,分别取3种材料浸提液进行体外细胞相容性实验。 结果与结论：氟转化涂层的AZ31B镁合金和β-磷酸三钙涂层的AZ31B镁合金材料细胞毒性分级均为1级,镁合金AZ31B材料细胞毒性分级为2级。提示氟转化涂层的AZ31B镁合金和β-磷酸三钙涂层的AZ31B镁合金材料生物相容性优于未经处理镁合金AZ31B材料。     

β-磷酸三钙/聚-L-乳酸复合材料的骨内降解

背景：调控聚乳酸类可吸收材料的降解速率,使材料降解与新生骨爬行替代速度更同步,加入羟基磷灰石或β-磷酸三钙等无机粒子是目前的主流选择。 目的：对比观察β-磷酸三钙/聚-L-乳酸复合材料和聚-L-乳酸在松质骨内的降解速度及诱导成骨能力。 方法：将β-磷酸三钙/聚-L-乳酸复合材料及聚-L-乳酸材料分别植入12只新西兰大白兔双侧股骨内髁及外髁后,于术后6,12,24周3个时间点取材,测定其各个时间点的生物吸收率,扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察其在松质骨内的形态学变化,周围新骨爬行替代及异物反应情况。 结果与结论：各个时间点β-磷酸三钙/聚-L-乳酸与周围骨质贴合比聚-L-乳酸材料更紧密,未见明显异物反应。6周时β-磷酸三钙/聚-L-乳酸材料生物吸收率小于聚-L-乳酸材料,12周后生物吸收率增速加快,同时材料表面出现均匀分布的微孔及裂隙;术后24周内两种材料均未见新生骨爬行替代。结果表明β-磷酸三钙/聚-L-乳酸复合材料早期降解较聚-L-乳酸材料慢,有利于移植物植入早期的坚强固定;6周后降解加快,24周内未见诱导成骨现象。