脊柱化脓性感染模型犬感染的判断与植入物治疗

背景：应用生物发光基因标记细菌建立动物感染模型,模拟脊柱感染的局部环境,揭示脊柱感染发生的病理生理机制。 目的：探讨前路一期清创自体髂骨植骨钛板内固定治疗脊柱化脓性感染的可行性及安全性。 方法：取中国家犬24只,用生物发光基因标记金葡菌Xen29建立犬脊柱化脓性感染模型。应用X射线、CT、MRI等检查对模型进行系统的动态影像学观察。建模4周后所有犬行前路一期清创自体髂骨植骨钛板内固定。内固定中、内固定后连续4周应用抗生素抗感染治疗。分别于内固定后4,8,12,24周处死犬,将钛板及钛板比邻的骨组织取出,进行传统的细菌培养、普通细菌16S rRNA 基因及金葡菌特异性Nuc基因进行PCR检测、生物发光成像(BLI)检测。 结果与结论：家犬内固定后观察切口愈合良好,没有窦道形成及脓性物质渗出。标本大体观察及MRI检查结果均未见脓肿形成、椎骨骨髓炎等感染复发征象。用传统的细菌培养、普通细菌16S rRNA 基因PCR检测作为判断感染与否的标准,感染率分别为41.7%(10/24)、75%(18/24),表明用PCR检测细菌16S rRNA 基因的检测方法判断感染的敏感性要明显高于传统细菌培养方法(P < 0.05)。金黄色葡萄球菌特异性Nuc基因的PCR检测验证有金黄色葡萄球菌存在(1/24)。而利用BLI技术对假体周围细菌进行特异性基因检测,并未检出基因标记的细菌Xen29(0/24)。证实体内假体上细菌附着是一种相对的普遍现象,并且内固定后取出的假体上分离出来的细菌与内固定前脊柱所感染的细菌种类并非同源。提示前路一期清创自体髂骨植骨钛板内固定治疗脊柱化脓性感染是安全有效的。内固定的使用不会造成感染复发或持续性慢性感染。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

高浓度骨桥蛋白诱导双足直立雌性小鼠脊柱侧凸模型

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the relevant research confirmed that increased levels of osteopontin may lead to the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The establishment of appropriate animal models of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is of great significance in the research and treatment of such diseases. OBJECTIVE: To observe the occurrence of scoliosis of the bipedal female mice induced by high concentration of osteopontin, and provide evidence for establishing ideal drug models of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: C3H/HeJ mice of the same age were selected and randomly assigned to high-concentration osteopontin female mice (n=20) and male mice (n=20). This study also set control male mice group (n=20) and control female mice group (n=20). Mice aged 3 weeks from four groups were subjected to upper limb amputation and rat tail resection to establish bipedal mouse models. After surgery, a special cage was used to induce the upright state. High-concentration osteopontin female mice and male mice were daily intraperitoneally injected with high-concentration osteopontin (40 μg/kg). Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline. At 3 months after induction, animal spine X-ray examination was conducted to measure Cobb angle. If Cobb angle was greater than 10°, a successful induction was set. The incidence and severity of scoliosis were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the high-concentration osteopontin female mice group, scoliosis was observed in 18 mice. Cobb angle was 16°-38°, averagely (25.8±6.7)°. In the high-concentration osteopontin male mice group, scoliosis was observed in 16 mice. Cobb angle was 11°-34°, averagely (20.9±6.8)°. In the control male mice group, scoliosis was observed in 8 mice. Cobb angle was 12°-21°, averagely (15.6±3.1)°. In the control female mice group, scoliosis was observed in 9 mice. Cobb angle was 11°-24°, averagely (17.1±4.5)°. (2) The incidence of scoliosis was significantly higher in the high-concentration osteopontin female and male mice groups than in the control female and male mice groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of scoliosis was detected between high-concentration osteopontin female and male mice groups (P > 0.05). However, curve magnitude was significantly severer in the high-concentration osteopontin female mice group than in the high-concentration osteopontin male mice group (P < 0.05). (3) Results suggested that the scoliosis incidence was higher and scoliosis was severer in high-concentration osteopontin-induced bipedal mice, which was more closed to human. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

颈椎病动物模型的建立及其应用研究与进展

BACKGROUND: It is a very difficult task to transfer from the animal model of cervical spondylosis to clinical treatment. However, the pathology of cervical spondylosis is not very clear, and the main reason is the lack of an ideal animal model of the experiment.     

酒精性股骨头缺血坏死大鼠模型的制备

BACKGROUND:The relationship between long-term heavy drinking and alcohol-induced necrosis of the femoral head has long been clear, but the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced necrosis of the femoral head is currently not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:To establish a rat model of alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head and to study its pathogenesis. METHODS:Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (40 rats per group). Rats in the experimental group were intragastrically administered strong wine 10 mL/kg, once a day, for 6 consecutive days. Rats in the control group were given physiological saline 10 mL/kg, once a day, for 6 consecutive days. Bilateral femoral heads were randomly collected from six rats every month for histomorphological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Osteonecrosis: in the experimental group, at 3 months, trabecular bone became thin, arranged disorderly, and the number of empty lacuna began to increase. At 6 months, typical osteonecrosis appeared, and vacant lacunaes increased significantly. In the control group, trabecular bone was complete and neatly arranged. Osteocytes were visible in bone lacuna, and normal morphology of cells was seen. (2) Injury of blood vessels: in the experimental group, at 3 months, micro-intimal hyperplasia was observed. Elastic fibers of partial vascular endothelium were reduced. Elastic fiber and middle-layer smooth muscle breakage and proliferation were found. At 6 months, above manifestations were more remarkable. In the control group, arteriole film was not thickened, and vessel wall was normal. (3) Formation of microthrombus, in the experimental group, the number of microthrombus was increased at 3 months, and became significant at 6 months. In the control group, the number of microthrombus was not altered. (4) Results indicated that chronic alcohol intake can lead to microvascular endothelial injury in the rat femoral head. Abnormal blood microcirculation was detected in local region, and resulted in avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The degree of necrosis was associated with alcohol intake.     

石膏铁丝固定法建立兔膝痹模型

BACKGROUND: Currently, the researches on knee plaster immobilization paralysis animal models are popular in the world, but there are some insufficiencies with the knee paralysis animals, for example, poor animal selection, inappropriate plaster selection and pure gypsum instability, which affect the subsequent results.      

针刺治疗导致化脓性脊柱感染的临床特点与治疗措施

目的 分析经针刺治疗后导致化脓性脊柱感染的临床特点及治疗措施。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年10月西南医科大学附属医院骨科收治的针刺治疗后导致脊柱化脓性感染11例患者的临床资料。其中,男9例,女2例;年龄47 ～ 69岁,平均（57.8±8.2）岁。分析患者的临床资料,包括症状、体征、血培养、炎性指标、脊柱影像学资料（X线、CT三维重建及MRI）、治疗措施,使用疼痛视觉量表（VAS）评估治疗前后局部疼痛改善情况,使用美国脊柱损伤协会运动功能分级（AISA）评估治疗前后神经功能改善。结果 所有患者均获随访,术后随访14 ～ 38个月,平均随访（25.7±9.0）个月。末次随访时,除1例术前ASIA评分A级患者神经功能无明显变化外,其余患者的VAS评分、神经功能、炎性指标均获得显著改善。随访期内无1例复发或迁延性慢性感染。结论 针刺治疗史、脊柱局部疼痛、神经功能异常、炎性指标异常及特征性影像学改变是此类化脓性脊柱感染的主要临床特征。MRI有利于早期明确诊断。及时诊断及规范有效抗感染治疗的前提下,外科手术治疗使多数患者获得满意疗效,且可缩短抗生素的使用时间。     

2型糖尿病大鼠骨质疏松模型的建立

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus can give rise to bone metabolic disorders that may involve long-term hyperglycemia, hypoglycemic agents, diet control, estrogen, insulin-like growth factor, leptin, body mass, sex and age.     

构建双足类大型鸟类鸸鹋股骨头坏死模型

BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the establishment of animal models of femoral head necrosis, but it is difficult to simulate an ideal animal model of femoral head necrosis, especially collapse models. OBJECTIVE: To establish femoral head necrosis model of double-foot large bird emu so as to simulate femoral head necrosis in human.   METHODS: A total of 30 adult emus were frozen in liquid nitrogen and received radiofrequency heating alternately to simulate femoral head necrosis models. After 3 cycles of freezing, local frozen in liquid nitrogen and method of radiofrequency heating was alternated for closed loop liquid nitrogen freezing injury and radiofrequency heating injury. At 6, 12 and 16 weeks after model establishment, gross observation, X-ray, histology examination and MRI were conducted. Effects of model induction of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were evaluated.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After liquid nitrogen cold-hot alternating method, emu at 12-18 weeks gradually suffered from femoral head necrosis signs and imaging findings. X-ray films, histological examination and MRI examination showed the avascular necrosis of femoral head was consistent with the pathological process of human femoral head necrosis, and the model had good repeatability. These results indicate that the use of liquid nitrogen cold-hot alternating method has successfully established the model of femoral head necrosis, with a good collapse rate, and can be used for mechanism research and treatment evaluation of osteonecrosis.      

基于三维有限元建模方法分析维医沙疗对兔股骨力学性能的影响

BACKGROUND:On the basis of modern design method and numerical simulation, studies can explore the action mechanisms of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine. OBJECTIVE:To explore a kind of non-homogeneous and isotropic biological bone finite element modeling method based on CT value, and to study the influence of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine on the mechanical properties of rabbits’ femur. METHODS:Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish osteoarthritis models of right posterior femur with papain. These rabbits were divided into sand therapy group and control group. In the sand therapy group, after treatment with sand therapy in Uyghur medicine, rabbit femoral models were scanned with CT. The fault image data were imported into MIMICS software. 3D model of femur was generated. The meshing was done. The material properties were given. Three-point bending in the Ansys was simulated and solved. Simultaneously, the isolated three point bending tests were performed in all rabbit models. The corresponding deflection and the maximum stress values were obtained. Finally, the results obtained from the three-dimensional finite element modeling method were compared with the results obtained from the experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The deflection and the maximum stress obtained by the three-point bending simulation analysis with the three-dimensional finite element model of the rabbits’ femur were well correlated with the data obtained from the experiments. (2) These results indicate that the finite element modeling method is consistent with the structural and material properties of bone, which can be used to analyze the stress and deformation of bones.     

不同运动强度干预2型糖尿病模型大鼠的骨密度变化

BACKGROUND:More than 50% of patients with diabetes are accompanied by osteoporosis. Exercise is the main method to treat diabetes, but whether it has an impact on diabetes osteoporosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the different exercise intensities and changes in bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic rat models. METHODS:Forty rats were randomly divided into model group and low-, medium- and high-intensity exercise groups. All rats received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish models of type 2 diabetes. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-intensity exercise groups did treadmill training at 10, 20, 30 m/min, 1 hour per day, 6 days as a cycle. They had a rest for 1 day after each cycle, for 8 consecutive cycles. Rats in the model group did not do any exercise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the weight of rats was decreased; blood glucose levels were reduced; osteocalcin and serum calcium levels and biomechanical indexes of femur increased; serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased in the low-, medium- and high-intensity exercise groups. Bone mineral density increased in the medium- and high-intensity exercise groups. These findings confirmed that different exercise intensities have a certain influence on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic rat models. When using a method of treating movement, proper physical exercise can increase serum osteocalcin content, improve bone metabolism, prevent diabetic osteoporosis, and have a high clinical value.     

口腔软组织缺损兔模型的构建

BACKGROUND: In clinical, the research on the method and the material of the soft tissue defect of the operation area has been in depth. It will have a positive impact on our exploration and research in this field through the establishment of reliable experimental animal oral soft tissue defect model.     

急性脊髓损伤动物模型的建立与评估

BACKGROUND: There are a variety of methods for modeling spinal cord injury at home and abroad, showing their own advantages and disadvantages, but not yet a kind of objective and standardized model meeting the clinical research. OBJECTIVE:To design a simple impactor used for establishing the spinal cord injury model, then to evaluate the parameters and stability of the Allen’s spinal cord injury model through comparing with the New York University (NYU) impactor established model. METHODS: Female rats were equivalently allotted into five groups: sham-operation group (group A), self-made impactor 5 and 10 cm groups (group B1 and B2) and NYU 1.25 and 2.5 cm groups (group C1 and C2). All groups except group A were subjected to striking at different heights. Behavioral scores were detected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after modeling. Nissl staining was used to observe the morphological changes after freezing section and semiquantitative analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) At the same time point, the behavioral scores, damaged area ratio of spinal cord and semiquantitative analysis of dorsal horn neurons showed significant differences in the group A compared with the other groups, also between groups B1 and B2, and groups C1 and C2 (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between groups B1 and C1, as well as groups B2 and C2 (P > 0.05). (2) In the group A, there was a clear boundary between the grey and white matter in a butterfly shape, numerous neurons with large nucleus and obvious nucleolus, and plaques or tabby of Nissl body appeared in the cytoplasm. In contrast, in the other four groups, there were few neurons, different degrees of Gore focal, swelling, demyelinating, and vacuole of cellula could be found, and Nissl body was fuzzy or disappeared. These results administrate that the self-made impactor can establish different damage degrees of spinal cord inury models, which are close to the NYU-made models. Moreover, it can be helpful for study on spinal cord injury for reasons of good stability, low cost, and operated easily. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

实验性猕猴2型糖尿病模型的建立及评价

BACKGROUND: At present, there are few reports about the non-human primate models of type 2 diabetes mellitus in domestic and abroad, so it lacks of standardized production methods and evaluation criteria.     

急性马尾神经压迫模型的脊髓组织病理变化

BACKGROUND: Animal studies have shown that cauda equina compression can induce apoptosis of lumbosacral spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons.     

胡椒碱对牙周炎模型牙槽骨和胶原的保护

BACKGROUND: Piperine in models of pancreatitis, gout, middle cerebral artery infarction has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune regulatory effects, but its effects on periodontitis model are not clear.     

建立一种新型凝血因子Ⅴ基因突变小鼠模型：突变小鼠无显著骨组织变化

BACKGROUND: Blood coagulation factor V gene mutation in non-traumatic femoral head necrosis has been shown to have an higher incidence than that in healthy and secondary non-traumatic femoral head necrosis, and the incidence of thrombosis is positively related. Inactivated blood coagulation factor V can accelerate the activation of prothrombin and the generation of thrombin. Mutations at arg-306, arg-506 and arg-679 will result in the blood clots and hypercoagulable state. Here, this study is designed to investigate the influence of R506Q/R679Q on osteonecrosis. OBJECTIVE: To establish the mouse model of mutations of Gln506Arg and Gln679Arg in coagulation Factor V (Factor VR506Q/R679Q). METHODS: Factor VR506Q/R679Q point mutation target vector was constructed by molecular cloning technology, the linearization vector was transfected into embryonic stem cells, and then G418-resistant cells were screened and used for microinjection. The target blastocysts were transplanted to the fallopian tube of estrus mice to obtain the Chimera mice carrying bilateral LoxP gene, followed by mated with CMV-cre transgenic mice, and then the mice with Factor VR506Q/R679Q point mutations were obtained. After genotype identification by PCR, hematoxylin-eosin staining results and percentage of empty lacunae were compared between the mutant and wild-type mice, and rat bone tissue and bone mass were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no obvious abnormalities in the embryonic and postnatal development, percentage of empty lacunae and bone mass of Factor VR506Q/R679Q point mutation mice when compared with the wild-type mice. These results suggest that the mouse model with Factor VR506Q/R679Q point mutation is established successfully, but there is no significant change in the bone tissue. The following research should focus on the effect of external stimulus on the incidence of osteonecrosis in a mutant mouse. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

美洲大蠊提取物黏糖氨酸对肝纤维化模型大鼠的影响及机制

BACKGROUND:Hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease can be reversed. Studies have shown that Periplaneta americana extract has anti-fibrosis effect, and has protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis rats. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Periplaneta americana extract sticky sugar amino acid on hepatic fibrosis, and to primarily explore the mechanism of sticky sugar amino acid against hepatic fibrosis. METHODS:Rat models of immune hepatic fibrosis were induced by pig serum and intragastrically administered 0.5, 0.25, 0.10 g/kg sticky sugar amino acid. Four indexes of hepatic fibrosis were detected by radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure transforming growth factor beta 1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase protein expression intensity and positive cell rate, to determine the correlation of different concentrations of sticky sugar amino acid, transformation growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Periplaneta americana extract sticky sugar amino acid reduced the levels of laminin, type III procollagen, type IV collagen and hyaluronidase (P < 0.01) and reduced the expression of transformation growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in liver tissue (P < 0.01). (2) Sticky sugar amino acid concentration and transformation growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 protein expression showed a significant negative correlation (| r | > 0.9). (3) Results confirmed that the Periplaneta americana extract sticky sugar amino acid can change the reversal of hepatic fibrosis. Its mechanism of action is associated with expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 inhibited by sticky sugar amino acids.