运动促进青春期小鼠造血干细胞造血重建功能

目的：探讨运动对青春期（4周龄）和成年（9周龄）小鼠骨髓造血干细胞造血重建功能的作用。方法：使用跑步机分别对青春期和成年C57BL/6J雄性小鼠进行跑步运动（运动14 d,前2 d运动速度为10 m/min,后12 d运动速度为12 m/min）。实验分为对照（安静）组和运动组（n=6）;使用流式细胞仪分析运动后小鼠骨髓中造血干/祖细胞比例;采用全血分析仪分析运动后小鼠外周血中白细胞、红细胞及血小板的数目;体外集落形成实验检测造血干/祖细胞的集落形成能力;体内竞争性移植实验检测造血干细胞重建造血能力;BrdU实验分析造血干/祖细胞的增殖水平;ELISA检测外周血中瘦素水平;流式细胞仪检测骨髓和骨内膜中间充质干细胞的数目;体外集落形成实验检测间充质干细胞骨髓集落形成能力。结果：（1）运动导致青春期小鼠外周血中血小板数目显著升高（P<0.05）;(2)运动处理后,青春期小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞的比例及体外短期集落形成能力无显著差异（P>0.05）,然而运动促进青春期小鼠骨髓造血干细胞体内长期造血重建能力显著增强（P<0.05）;(3)成年小鼠运动后骨髓中造血干细胞比例显著降...     

乌司他丁联合脐带间充质干细胞移植脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能和 运动诱发电位的变化

背景：乌司他丁能减轻炎性反应、清除氧自由基,对中枢神经系统损伤具有保护作用,能有效地提高脊髓损伤后移植细胞的存活率。 目的：观察乌司他丁联合脐带间充质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤大鼠后肢功能的影响。 方法：Wistar大鼠建立脊髓损伤动物模型后随机分成4组：空白对照组尾静脉注射培养液+腹腔注射生理盐水,细胞移植组尾静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞,乌司他丁组腹腔注入乌司他丁,联合组尾静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞,同时腹腔注入乌司他丁。 结果与结论：移植4周后联合组下肢运动功能优于细胞移植组和乌司他丁组(P < 0.05),细胞移植组和乌司他丁组优于空白对照组(P < 0.05)。移植后4周,PKH26标记的阳性细胞数联合移植组多于细胞移植组,细胞移植组多于乌司他丁组和空白对照组(P < 0.01)。移植后8周,联合组大鼠体感诱发电位及运动诱发电位的潜伏期、波幅明显优于其他3组(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。提示乌司他丁联合应用脐带间充质干细胞移植可促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经突触的再生,改善其肢体运动功能和电生理功能,其效果优于单独应用乌司他丁或脐带间充质干细胞。     

干细胞诱导心肌细胞增殖与运动促进心肌细胞再生的研究进展

背景：干细胞移植治疗心血管疾病表现出传统方法无可比拟的优越性,但干细胞向心肌细胞自发分化的效率非常低,而且影响干细胞分化的因素很多。目的：阐明不同来源干细胞治疗心肌梗死的优缺点,探讨提高心肌细胞分化效率的方法,最佳诱导分化条件及运动促进干细胞动员、诱导内源性心肌细胞再生的机制。方法：由第一作者检索1985至2015年PubMed数据库和中国知网收录的与干细胞治疗心肌梗死、干细胞向心肌细胞分化运动影响干细胞增殖及心肌细胞再生的相关文献。英文检索词为“stem cells,myocardial infarction,myocardial regeneration,cardiac cell,exercise”,中文检索词为“干细胞,心肌梗死,心肌再生,心肌细胞,运动”,共纳入54篇文章进行综述。结果与结论：为了提高心肌细胞分化率,近年来多种化学诱导剂和生物成分先后应用于干细胞向心肌细胞分化的研究,模拟心肌微环境和血管细胞生长因子的作用也是诱导心肌细胞分化的主要方法。通过有氧运动促进干细胞动员来诱导缺血心脏血管新生和上调各种血管生长因子表达,可促进心肌细胞增殖和修复。有关干细胞的获取、移植排斥反应、向心肌细胞定向分化的调控机制还需进行深入探讨。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植脊髓损伤小鼠运动功能的恢复

背景：研究证实,移植的骨髓间充质干细胞可被定向诱导分化为神经细胞,重建神经环路,促进轴突再生,恢复脊髓功能。 目的：进一步验证骨髓间充质干细胞在脊髓损伤修复中的作用。 方法：C57BL/6小鼠40只随机分为4组,假手术组不打击脊髓;其余小鼠采用重物撞击法建立脊髓损伤模型。损伤后的第7天,治疗组用微量注射器,经眶静脉丛注入骨髓间充质干细胞悬液;对照组注入等量 DMEM培养基;模型组不做处理。通过苏木精-伊红染色法判断脊髓损伤程度。通过免疫细胞化学法鉴定骨髓间充质干细胞分化形成的神经细胞。通过荧光显微镜观察移植细胞生长状态;通过改良Tarlov评分法评价小鼠运动功能恢复程度。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化7 d后的细胞呈NF和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性表达。模型组小鼠双下肢呈瘫痪状态,假手术组行动正常(P < 0.01)。细胞移植后2周,治疗组小鼠运动功能缺失症状逐渐恢复,对照组小鼠恢复不明显 (P < 0.05);细胞移植4周后,细胞移植组小鼠Tarlov评分与假手术组相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明骨髓间充质干细胞移植可提高脊髓损伤小鼠的运动能力。     

立体定向脑内移植神经干细胞改善颅脑损伤大鼠的神经运动功能

BACKGROUND: Cell replacement therapy as an effective strategy for reconstruction of the central nervous system has very broad application prospects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of stereotactic transplantation of neural stem cells into the brain on the neuromotor function of craniocerebral trauma rats. METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equivalently randomized into study and control groups. Animal models of craniocerebral trauma were made using the improved free-fall method in the rats. Then, model rats in the study and control groups were given parenchymal transplantation of embryonic neural stem cells and the same volume of culture medium with no stem cells at 1 day after injury, respectively. Neuromotor function of rats was assessed based on the neurological severity scores. At 2 weeks after transplantation, brain tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining, anti-BrdU, glial fibrillary acidic protein, β-tubulin III and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The neurological severity scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks after injury (P < 0.05). In the study group, there were many BrdU-positive neural stem cells in the brain tissues, some of which were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, β-tubulin III and tyrosine hydroxylase; while in the control group, there was no BrdU-positive cell in the brain tissues. Experimental findings show that neural stem cells stereotactically transplanted into the brain can proliferate and differentiate in the brain lesion, and thereby notably improve the neuromotor function of rats with craniocerebral trauma.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程      

运动调控间充质干细胞来源骨髓脂肪细胞的作用及前景

文题释义： 骨髓脂肪组织：是一种具有促进局部和全身代谢潜力的特殊脂肪组织,存在于包括尾骨、手骨和足骨在内的远端骨骼中,于个体出生时或稍早于出生时形成。 骨髓脂肪组织的成像和定量工具：目前骨髓脂肪组织的影像检测方法主要包括 MRI、CT。MRI包括T1加权磁共振成像、基于化学位移原理的质子磁共振波谱(MRS)及水脂分离成像,其中质子磁共振波谱被认为是测量骨髓脂肪含量的金标准。 背景：骨髓脂肪细胞来源于间充质干细胞群。研究发现,间充质干细胞可向其他类型细胞如成骨细胞、软骨细胞和肌细胞等方向分化。目前认为,骨髓脂肪组织是由于间充质干细胞可优先分化成脂肪细胞而生成,因此可负向调控成骨过程。运动可以促进骨质生成,并且在预防骨折发生的过程中起重要作用。研究发现,运动、饮食和罗格列酮均可影响骨髓脂肪组织的生成,但它们之间的作用关系并不明确。 目的：从运动、饮食和罗格列酮这3个方面综述其对骨髓脂肪组织的影响及其与骨密度变化之间的关系。 方法：使用计算机检索中国知网全文数据库、万方全文数据库、PubMed中与运动调节骨髓脂肪组织有关的文献,检索时限为1999年1月到2019年6月。以“marrow adipose tissue,exercise,rosiglitazone,high fat-diet,mesenchymal stem cell”为英文检索词,“骨髓脂肪组织,运动,罗格列酮,高脂饮食,间充质干细胞”为中文检索词,最终纳入66篇文献进行分析。 结果与结论：综合目前的研究结果,运动能影响高脂饮食和罗格列酮对骨髓脂肪组织形成的调控,运动干预能抑制间充质干细胞向骨髓脂肪组织的分化,且在运动干预骨髓脂肪组织的过程中还有多种其他途径参与调节脂肪合成、脂质吸收、骨合成代谢、骨髓造血功能等过程,说明运动干预对上述代谢过程具有重要的调节作用。未来应进一步探究运动干预骨髓脂肪组织的具体机制,以期使运动成为调控上述代谢过程的重要手段。 ORCID: 0000-0003-3011-2858(牛燕媚) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

干细胞的研究进展

在美国《Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ》杂志评选出的１９９９年度１０大科学进展中，干细胞（ｓｔｅｍ ｃｅｌｌ， ＳＣ）的研究工作格外令人瞩目。这不仅因为在过去短短的一年里，科学家们在干细胞的功能研究方面发表了１０余篇具有里程碑意义的论文，更重要的是，这些突破性进展使得生物学家和医学家们更进一步地认识到：ＳＣ作为一类既有自我更新能力、又有多分化潜能的细胞，具有非常重要的理论研究意义和临床应用价值［１］。这些成果一方面揭示了许多有关细胞生长和发育的基础理论难题；另一方面，可望将其用于创伤修复、神经再生和抗衰老等临床医…     

干细胞标志物在免疫细胞化学中应用的研究现状

干细胞以其自我更新和分化为成熟组织细胞的能力成为当前科研与临床应用的热点,但干细胞的鉴定目前尚无公认一致的方法,随着干细胞相关的分子标记物的发现以及功能的明晰,免疫细胞化学染色法在各种干细胞的鉴定中以其简便、快速、准确的优势发挥越来越重要的作用。本文就应用免疫细胞化学鉴定干细胞的主要分子标记进行综述。     

干细胞基础研究的新进展

近5年来,在世界范围出现干细胞的研究热潮,有关干细胞的论文大量发表,风起云涌。然而,有部分的实验结论缺乏充足的证据,而引起质疑。例如干细胞“横向分化”的假设错误地认为干细胞可以跨胚层、跨系别地任意地变身,脂肪变肝脏,肌肉变神经等等。成体干细胞的存在是21世纪一个伟大的科学发现。越来越多的实验证明成体组织中还存在胚胎发育过程遗留下的各个胚层的干细胞和各类组织干细胞。全身各类组织中的成体干细胞含有除了生殖干细胞外的各种干细胞。至今,只有在生殖组织中才能发现生殖干细胞,因而生殖组织以外的成体干细胞又称为亚全能干细胞。成体干细胞包括造血和非造血的干细胞,非造血的干细胞又包括了各种非造血组织的干细胞,例如神经干细胞和间充质干细胞等。间充质干细胞是全身结缔组织(骨、软骨、肌肉、脂肪、纤维、血管等)的干细胞,它是创伤、烧伤、缺血坏死、骨髓损伤等修复过程中所必不可少的,有巨大的临床应用前景。随着生命科学的全面发展,干细胞领域中的认识误区将逐步得到澄清,干细胞科学也必将健康地发展起来。     

干细胞及其诱导技术在培育成体细胞、筛选药物和移植实验中的作用

利用干细胞及其诱导技术在实验室内培育出的成体细胞,可以为干细胞的基础研究及未来开展的针对人类疾病的临床移植试验创造条件。此外,干细胞及其诱导技术在药物筛选中也能发挥积极的作用。     

盐酸川芎嗪联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤模型大鼠的神经保护

BACKGROUND: Ligustrazine hydrochloride which promotes nerve repair can be applied to the treatment of nervous system injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on electrophysiological property and hindlimb function of rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS: T9 spinal cord transection injury models were made in rats using Allen’s method, and then rat models were randomized into three groups: rats in control group received tail vein injection of culture solution; rats in cell transplantation group underwent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via the tail vein; rats in combined group were subjected to the tail vein injection of ligustrazine hydrochloride and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that lasted for 4 hours. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were used to detect the motor function of rats. At 72 hours after modeling, RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region. At 4 weeks after modeling, somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were measured for evaluation of neurophysiological recovery. At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase tracer was used to assess the regeneration of rat spinal cord nerve fibers; PKH-26 labeling was used to observe the survival and migration of transplanted cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were significantly higher in the combined group than the cell transplantation followed by the control group (P < 0.05). At 72 hours after modeling, the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region was significantly higher in the combined group than the cell transplantation group and control group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, the latencies of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group < cell transplantation group < control group (P < 0.05); the amplitudes of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group > cell transplantation group > control group (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase-labeled pyramidal cells in the cell transplantation group and combined group showed apparent crossing signs; the number of PKH-26-positive cells and horseradish peroxidase-positive cells was the most in the combined group followed by the cell transplantation group, and was the least in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation can facilitate nerve cell regeneration, promote the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor, and improve motor function in rats after spinal cord injury.      

促红细胞生成素促进脊髓损伤大鼠移植神经干细胞存活和迁移

背景：如何有效促进移植入脊髓损伤组织内的神经干细胞存活和迁移,是目前神经修复研究的重点。 目的：观察促红细胞生成素对脊髓损伤大鼠移植神经干细胞存活、增殖和迁移的影响。 方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,均制备脊髓横断损伤模型。造模7 d,神经干细胞移植组和促红细胞生成素组于脊髓损伤处移植BrdU标记的神经干细胞7 μL(1×10⁹ L^-1),脊髓损伤对照组移植DMEM/F12培养基;促红细胞生成素组腹腔内注射促红细胞生成素5 000 U/kg,1次/d,连续注射7 d,其余两组注射等量生理盐水。于细胞移植后8周取损伤脊髓组织。 结果与结论：造模2周后,神经干细胞移植组和促红细胞生成素组BBB评分明显高于脊髓损伤对照组(P < 0.05),造模4周后,促红细胞生成素组BBB评分明显高于神经干细胞移植组(P < 0.05)。免疫荧光染色显示促红细胞生成素组大鼠损伤脊髓组织BrdU阳性细胞数量及迁移距离均大于神经干细胞移植组(P < 0.05)。说明促红细胞生成素能促进损伤脊髓组织原位移植的神经干细胞的存活与迁移,加速神经功能修复。     

神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植脊髓损伤大鼠脑细胞的凋亡

背景：目前的研究表明,从胚胎大鼠大脑皮质分离的神经干细胞在胶原蛋白凝胶中可增殖并分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。 目的：观察神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植对脊髓损伤后鼠大脑神经细胞凋亡的影响。 方法：取45只SD大鼠制作脊髓半切损伤模型,随机分为3组,造模1周后,细胞移植组大鼠运动皮质后部在脊髓损伤部位注入同种异体神经干细胞悬液,联合组在脊髓损伤部位注入同种异体神经干细胞结合胶原蛋白悬液,模型组不植入任何物质。 结果与结论：移植后1-8周,3组大鼠肢体运动功能均有不同程度恢复,且联合组移植后8周BBB运动评分明显高于其他两组(P < 0.05)。移植后1周苏木精-伊红染色显示3组均可见少量凋亡细胞及Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞,大量Bax阳性细胞;随时间的推移,3组Bax凋亡蛋白阳性细胞、Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞逐渐减少,并且移植后8周联合组、细胞移植组Bax阳性细胞明显低于模型组(P < 0.05),Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞高于模型组(P < 0.05),此时3组均无凋亡细胞。表明神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植可抑制脊髓损伤后鼠大脑神经细胞的凋亡,促进脊髓神经功能的恢复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

脊髓全横断模型大鼠损伤区白细胞介素17的表达

背景：现阶段,针对已知的炎性递质的干预措施对于减轻脊髓继发损伤的效果局限。白细胞介素17是重要的促炎性细胞因子,在中枢神经系统疾病发病机制中的作用正逐渐受到关注。 目的：观察急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠白细胞介素17 mRNA和蛋白表达的变化规律。 方法：健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组：模型组制作大鼠脊髓完全横断模型,假手术组仅剪开硬脊膜而不伤及脊髓实质。开放后测定肢运动功能评分观察急性脊髓损伤对大鼠运动功能的影响,苏木精-伊红染色观察脊髓损伤后不同时间点组织病理学改变,实时荧光定量PCR、Western blot分别检测各组大鼠脊髓损伤后不同时间点白细胞介素17 mRNA和蛋白水平表达变化。 结果与结论：开放后肢运动功能评分结果：假手术组大鼠BBB评分均为20-21分,脊髓损伤1,2 d大鼠BBB评分均为0分,损伤后7 d BBB评分为0-3分(P < 0.05)。苏木精-伊红染色结果：与假手术组相比,脊髓损伤6 h后,炎性细胞浸润,神经元和胶质细胞肿胀,神经元突起减少;脊髓损伤12 h后,灰质、白质组织结构疏松、空泡化;脊髓损伤后7 d,胶质细胞增生,组织纤维化明显。RT-qPCR结果显示：白细胞介素17 mNA于脊髓损伤后3 h出现,并于6 h表达出现高峰(P < 0.01),随后表达减少,7 d后表达接近假手术组水平。Western blot结果显示：脊髓损伤6 h后,白细胞介素17表达开始升高,并于损伤后12 h出现高峰(P < 0.05),随后表达减少,至伤后7 d表达接近假手术组水平。结果可见脊髓损伤12 h后组织损伤表现最严重,并与白细胞介素17表达改变存在时间的一致性,推断白细胞介素17可能参与了脊髓继发性炎症反应过程。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

甲基强的松龙影响脊髓损伤后内源性神经干细胞的迁移

BACKGROUND:After spinal cord injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated to proliferate and migrate to repair damaged tissue. As a clinical medicine, methylprednisolone shows a lot of functions, but its effects on endogenous neural stem cells are still unknown. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of methylprednisolone on the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury. METHODS:Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were used to make animal models of T10 complete paraplegia using Allen’s method, and randomized into methylprednisolone, normal saline and model groups. Rats in these three groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 1 g/L methylprednisolone solution at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 10 minutes and at a dose of 5.4 mg/kg/h for 23 hours, given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline at the same dose and given no treatment, respectively. Neurological and motor functions were assessed by somatosensory evoked potential and Basso Beattie Bresnahan scores at 7, 14, 21, 28 days after spinal cord injury. BrdU and Nestin staining of the injured spinal cord segment was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A large amount of BrdU- and Nestin-positive cells were visible in all the groups, and the number of these cells reached the peach at 14 days after spinal cord injury. Methylprednisolone was found to inhibit BrdU-, Nestin- or double-positive cells, indicating methylprednisolone can inhibit the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells. The results of Basso Beattie Bresnahan scores showed no notable improvement in the motor function of the limbs. Methylprednisolone also showed no significant effects on the motor evoked potential latency, but promoted nerve conduction recovery. All these findings indicate that methylprednisolone has some hindering effects on spinal cord repair by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury.     

低频电磁场促进骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的实验研究

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤被视为一种有前途的治疗方法,如何更有效地促进骨髓间充质干细胞在脊髓损伤区存活,加速脊髓损伤肢体运动功能的恢复是目前研究的重点。前期研究发现,低频电磁场能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖分化,低频电磁场是否可应用于骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤还需进一步研究。 目的：探讨低频电磁场对移植骨髓间充质干细胞脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能恢复的影响。 方法：采用脊髓压迫法制备64只T10不完全性脊髓损伤大鼠模型,随机等分为对照组、骨髓间充质干细胞组、电磁场组和电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组。造模成功后,骨髓间充质干细胞组和电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组大鼠脊髓损伤原部位注射大鼠全贴壁法分离培养BrdU标记的骨髓间充质干细胞,对照组和电磁场组注射a-MEM培养液。造模术后24 h,电磁场组和电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组予60 min/d的低频电磁场刺激(频率50 Hz、强度5 mT)。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞移植后第21天,电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组BBB评分与其他组相比,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),与其他各组比较,电磁场+骨髓间充质干细胞组移植细胞后,大鼠BrdU阳性细胞在脊髓损伤区域生长并与脊髓组织融合,存活细胞数量较其他组多;空洞面积小;损伤区胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达更少,而基质金属蛋白2表达更多;脊髓损伤大鼠下肢运动功能恢复最快(P < 0.05)。提示低频电磁场促进了移植骨髓间充质干细胞脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能的恢复,可能与低频电磁场有利于损伤区移植骨髓间充质干细胞的存活,上调基质金属蛋白2的表达并减少胶质瘢痕的形成有关。     

内皮祖细胞移植联合早期运动改善脊髓损伤区血管再生及后肢功能

BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells are widely used in the treatment of various vascular diseases, and early exercise training contributes to restore motor function after spinal cord injury. However, the therapeutic effects of endothelial progenitor cell transplantation or early exercise training alone are unfavorable. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells combined with early exercise training on blood vessel regeneration and hind limb function in rats after spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eighty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled to establish spinal cord injury models using the modified Allen’s method, and then randomly divided into four groups. Rats were respectively given culture medium via the tail vein, injection of endothelial progenitor cells (3×106) via the tail vein, roller and treadmill trainings for 2 weeks, or injection of endothelial progenitor cells via the tail vein followed by 2 weeks of roller and treadmill trainings in the model, cell transplantation, exercise and combined groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2 weeks after transplantation, the hindlimb motor function of rats in the combined group was better than that in the cell transplantation group and exercise group, and moreover, the percentage of CM-Dil positive cells, the number of horseradish peroxidase-positive nerve fibers, capillary density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were also significantly higher in the combined group than the cell transplantation group and exercise group. These findings indicate that early exercise training has a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury; endothelial progenitor cell transplantation combined with early exercise training can promote regeneration of synapses and blood vessels and improve hindlimb motor function of rats, probably by increasing expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.       

Cellular prostheses fabricated with motor neurons seeded in self-assembling peptide promotes partial functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats

To evaluate effects of motor neurons prostheses (MN-prosthesis) fabricated with MNs differentiated from neural stem cells of fetal spinal cord seeded in self-assembling peptides (sapeptides) scaffolds on functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal cord hemisection was performed in adult rats. The MN-prosthesis was implanted into the lesion of injured spinal cord. TUNEL staining showed that the MN-prosthesis could decrease the number of apoptotic cells at 2, 4, and 7 days after transplantation. In the MN-prosthesis group, some cholinergic neurons survived within and around the implant, more neural fibers went through the implant from rostral side to caudal side. On day 84, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score, the peak latencies and amplitudes of N1 wave in both motor evoked potential (MEP) and cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP) on the ipsilateral hind limb in the MN-prosthesis group were also significantly greater than those in the other groups (p<0.05). Thus, implantation of MN-prosthesis increases survival of the damaged cells, promotes formation of connection of neural fibers between the regenerative axons and the host tissue, and improves motor and electrophysiological functions. These findings demonstrate that MN-prosthesis serves as a potential tool for restoring neurologic function after SCI.     

白细胞介素6受体单克隆抗体与骨髓间充质干细胞可减少急性脊髓损伤神经元的凋亡

 BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that interleukin-6 is crucial for inducing cell apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to treat acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group (spinal cord injury group), treatment group 1 (interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody transplantation group), treatment group 2 (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group), treatment group 3 (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell+interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody group), with six rats in each group. In the sham group, the spinal cord was only exposed with no injury, and in the other four groups, rat models of acute spinal cord injury were made using modified Allen’s method. Local injection treatment was performed in all the groups at 28 days after modeling. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and improved Tarlov scoring were used at 1 day before treatment and 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after treatment to test the hindlimb function. At 28 days after treatment, TUNEL method was used to detect cell apoptosis in the spinal cord. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores were decreased significantly in the other four groups (P < 0.05). At 7 days after treatment, the BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores in the treatment group 3 were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05). At 14 days after treatment, the BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05); compared with the treatment group 2, the BBB score and improved Tarlov score were significantly increased in the treatment group 3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the other four groups (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in the three treatment groups (P < 0.05); compared with the treatment group 2, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly lower in the treatment group 3 (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the combined use of interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is better than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alone in the treatment of spinal cord injury, and interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody reduces cell apoptosis in spinal cord injury, which is of positive significance for preventing against acute spinal cord injury.     

舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚全身麻醉在脐血间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤中的应用

BACKGROUND:Sufentanil and propofol are both found to have good neuroprotective effects on neurological damage in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of propofol combined with sufentanil in umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury. METHODS:Sixty-five Wistar rats were selected to make animal models of acute spinal cord injury using Allen’s method. Six hours after modeling, these rats were randomly assigned into combined group (injection of 2×10⁷/L human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell suspension (0.5 mL) plus injection of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg propofol and 0.5 μg/kg sufentanil via the tail vein), stem cell group (injection of 2×10⁷/L human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell suspension (0.5 mL) via the tail vein), or control group (injection of 30 μL of LDMEM containing 5% fetal bovine serum). S100β protein level in serum was detected in each group at 15 and 60 minutes after injection. Motor function of rat in each group was assessed by Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and incline plane test at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling. Pathological changes of the spinal cord were observed at 4 weeks after modeling. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was detected using western blot assay at 1 and 2 weeks after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 15 and 60 minutes of intervention, S100β protein level was lowest in the combined group followed by the stem cell and control groups (P < 0.05). At 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, scores on the incline plane test and BBB were ranked as follows: combined group > stem cell group > model group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, severe damage to the spinal cord and few nerve fibers were found in the control group; spinal cord hyperplasia and a few of regenerated axons and PKH-26-positive stem cells appeared in the stem cell group; while in the combined group, there were a large amount of PKH-26-positive stem cells and nerve axon-like structures. At 1 and 2 weeks after modeling, the highest protein level of vascular endothelial growth factor was found in the combined group followed by the stem cell group and control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, these findings indicate that propofol and sufentanil in umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy can promote the recovery of hindlimb function after spinal cord injury, thereby promoting the functional recovery of rats from spinal cord injury.