视网膜电位

视网膜电位黑岩羲之，王丽红综述视觉诱发电位（ＶＥＰ）是由各种视觉刺激而产生的电反应。随着计算机技术的发展，ＶＥＰ的现代研究得以提高，广义ＶＥＰ可分：①视网膜电位（ＥＲＧ），产生于视网膜感觉细胞或视网膜神经节细胞；②皮层下ＶＥＰ［１］，发源于视神经、视...     

应用视网膜发生基础研究分析视网膜发育不全

作者曾应用光、电镜研究胎儿视网膜发育过程。得出光镜下胚胎第20周10层分化完成,电镜下其超微结构在胎儿8个月后才发育完善的结论。今有一例临床诊为右眼视网膜母细胞瘤的患儿行眼球摘除术。但病理诊断为视网膜发育不全。作者应用基础研究理论进一步探讨分析,确定患儿视网膜发育停滞在第6～7周的发育阶段。文中并就孕期感染和用药进行讨论。     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的视网膜地形图

目的 利用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)的视网膜地形图观察中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)图像特征.方法 对28例28眼经荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)确诊的中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者行OCT检查,分析图像形态,并将视网膜厚度与最佳矫正视力进行相关分析.结果 根据黄斑神经上皮层脱离的范围及程度将图像分为四种类型,视网膜厚度与最佳矫正视力呈负相关.结论 OCT的视网膜地形图可以直观的表现中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的程度,在CSC的诊断及随诊观察方面具有较大的临床价值.     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变的视网膜光敏感度研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者的视网膜光敏感度改变及其原因分析.方法采用国产APS-6000B型全自动视野分析仪,分别对80例160眼 2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者和对照组80例160眼进行0°～90°视野视网膜光敏感度的定量检测并进行对比.结果糖尿病组的视网膜平均光敏感度有不同程度的下降(p<0.05).结论 2型糖尿病并视网膜病变患者的视网膜光敏感度是降低的,提示有光感受器的功能障碍.     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗急性视网膜坏死的疗效分析

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术治疗急性视网膜坏死的疗效。方法对12例14眼急性视网膜坏死患者进行玻璃体切割、视网膜光凝、硅油充填术,其中9眼联合巩膜外环扎术,1眼联合白内障超声乳化吸出术,3眼晶状体切除。结果随访6个月至5年,平均18.3个月,3只术前有视网膜脱离眼取出硅油后视网膜脱离复发,其中1眼再次填充硅油后视网膜复位,视力光感,另外2眼因患者放弃再次手术,眼球萎缩。余均保持有用视力,其中:0.3者1眼,0.2者2眼,0.1者4眼,0.02～0.08者3眼,FC/30cm1眼。结论玻璃体视网膜手术是治疗急性视网膜坏死的有效方法。     

视网膜锥体和锥体-视网膜杆的营养不良

视网膜营养不良在遗传上是一组异源性疾病,认为这些病症是单一的视觉异常或与其它系统的疾病有关。多数病症,由于不知其发病机理,因此分类也不令人满意。即使在具有相同遗传方式的营养不良中,也存在     

视网膜建模的研究进展

视网膜模型的建立是视网膜视觉假体中一个重要组成部分.视网膜模型是从已知的生理知识和实验数据出发模拟视网膜处理信息的功能,研究输入图像和输出神经冲动的关系.我们可以根据视网膜模型的原理将其分为硬件实现模型和算法模型.本文就对视网膜建模的国内外研究现状进行分析和讨论.     

视网膜母细胞瘤Rb基因表达

利用抗Ｒｂ基因蛋白产物的多克隆抗体对１５例视网膜母细胞瘤Ｒｂ基因表达水平进行Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析，并采用激光密度分析仪对结果进行进一步精确的定量分析，表明１５例视网膜母细胞瘤中仅有两例的Ｒｂ基因蛋白表达量与正常视网膜相似，其余１３例几乎没有Ｒｂ基因的表达产物。提示在大多数视网膜母细胞瘤中，Ｒｂ基因的蛋白质产物缺乏。     

视网膜祖细胞干细胞特性及移植入视网膜后的研究

目的：研究视网膜祖细胞的干细胞特性及移植入视网膜后的存活和迁移。方法：体外培养胎龄18d 大鼠的视网膜细胞,用 RT-PCR、细胞免疫荧光方法鉴定其增殖分化;成年 SD 大鼠腹腔注射 N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲形成视网膜感光细胞退化的动物模型,培养的视网膜祖细胞用 CM-Di(?) 标记后,移植入模型鼠的玻璃体腔。结果：视网膜祖细胞体外表达中间神经丝蛋白 nestin;表达 Flk-1、Pax6及 Notchl 的 mRNA;能掺入 BrdU;分化后表达视网膜各类细胞特异性蛋白;移植后在实验组大鼠视网膜能存活及迁移,而在对照组中仅聚集在玻璃体腔。结论：视网膜祖细胞具有干细胞特性,移植入受损伤视网膜后,能存活、整合及迁移。     

脂肪间充质干细胞移植治疗1型糖尿病模型大鼠的作用

背景:干细胞移植是1型糖尿病比较有前景的治疗方法,脂肪间充质干细胞是继骨髓间充质干细胞后的又一研究热点。目的:观察脂肪间充质干细胞移植对1型糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用。方法:将45只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和细胞移植组,后2组采用链脲菌素腹腔注射建立1型糖尿病模型。造模后7 d,正常组腹腔静脉注射生理盐水,模型组腹腔静脉注射无血清的DMEM培养液,细胞移植组腹腔静脉注射脂肪间充质干细胞悬液。移植后2周,监测各组大鼠体质量、血糖水平,ELISA法检测各组大鼠胰岛素分泌量,RT-PCR检测胰腺组织PDX-1 m RNA的表达。结果与结论:(1)移植前细胞移植组与模型组的体质量均低于正常组,移植后2周细胞移植组大鼠体质量逐渐增加,而模型组的体质量持续下降;(2)与正常组比较,模型组大鼠空腹血糖维持在较高水平(P<0.05),与模型组相比,细胞移植组大鼠空腹血糖水平显著下降(P<0.05);(3)与正常组比较,模型组胰岛素水平明显降低(P<0.05),与模型组比较,细胞移植组胰岛素水平则显著增加(P<0.05);(4)正常组胰腺组织PDX-1 mR NA表达最高,模型组最低,各组间比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(5)结果表明,脂肪间充质干细胞移植促进胰岛组织PDX-1表达,改善了大鼠的高血糖状态。     

葛根芩连汤联合人羊膜间充质干细胞移植治疗糖尿病早期视网膜病变

BACKGROUND:Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells and have immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, it has been clinically proved that Gegen Qin Lian Tang can lower blood sugar. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Gegen Qin Lian Tang combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on rat early diabetic retinopathy, by detecting pathological changes, levels of blood indicators and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal tissues. METHODS:By intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, 42 Wistar rat models with diabetes mellitus were prepared and then randomly divided into model group, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group (cell transplantation group) and combination of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and Gegen Qin Lian Tang group (combination group). At 4 weeks after transplantation, levels of blood sugar and serum insulin in diabetic rats were detected; pathological changes of the retina in diabetic rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Besides, expressions of CD45 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA were detected using immunohistochemistry staining and RT-PCR technology, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the levels of blood glucose and serum insulin in both cell transplantation and combination groups were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, and these changes were even more significant in the combination group (P < 0.05). In the model group, the retinal edema could be found, accompanied by structural disorder and irregular cell arrangement, while these retinal lesions were relatively milder in the cell transplantation group and significantly improved in the combination group. In addition, the CD45 expression and in the retina was highest in the model group subsequently followed by the cell transplantation group (P < 0.05) and lowest in the combination group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the model group, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was also significantly lower in the other two groups, especially in the combination group (P < 0.05). These data show that Gegen Qin Lian Tang combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves the severity of diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting expressions of CD45 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the retinal tissues.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗骨关节炎

BACKGROUND:As the ability of self-renewal, differentiation and migration into damaged tissues, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in a variety of diseases. OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on osteoarthritis in rats. METHODS:Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly assigned into transplantation, model or control group. osteoarthritis models were established in the transplantation and model groups, followed by tail vein injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (5×10⁷/kg) or the same volume of normal saline, respectively. Rats in the control group were subjected to no treatment. Four weeks after injection, levels of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells in the spleen, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 in serum were detected, and arthritis index and the degree of joint swelling were evaluated as well. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, both arthritis index and degree of joint swelling were increased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05), but these indicators exhibited a remarkable improvement after cell transplantation (P < 0.05). Levels of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells in the spleen in the three groups were ranked as follows: the transplantation group > the control group > the model group. The levels of interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum in the transplantation group were lower than those in the model group but higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Highest level of transforming growth factor-β1 was obtained in the transplantation group, followed by the control group and model group (P < 0.05). To conclude, these findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exert therapeutic effects in osteoarthritis rats by immune and cytokine regulation.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植脑梗死大鼠：神经功能恢复与突触素的表达

BACKGROUND:Synaptophysin plays an important role in the recovery of neural function after cerebral ischemia. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on nervous function and expression of synaptophysin after cerebral infarction. METHODS:Totally 60 rats were equivalently randomized into four groups, including sham operation, control, model and stem cell treatment groups. Rats in the control, model and stem cell treatment groups were used for preparing cerebral infarction models, and the remaining underwent the sham operation. After 1 day of modeling, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into the rat lateral ventricle in the stem cell treatment group, and rats in the control group was given the injection of the same amount of PBS. After 1, 7 and 14 days of treatment, rat’s neurological function was scored on beam-walking test, rotarod test and screen test, and expression of synaptophysin was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 7 and 14 days after treatment, the beam-walking test, rotarod test and screen test scores in the stem cell treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control and model groups (P < 0.05), and the above scores showed no significant differences between the control group and model group (P > 0.05). At 1 day after treatment, the mRNA expression of synaptophysin and the number of synaptophysin-positive cells in the sham operation group were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P < 0.05); at 7 and 14 days after treatment, the mRNA expression of synaptophysin and the number of synaptophysin-positive cells in the stem cell treatment group were significantly increased compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05), and additionally, the mRNA expression of synaptophysin and the number of synaptophysin-positive cells in the sham operation group were significantly lower than those in the model and control groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively promote the recovery of neurological function in cerebral infarction rats, and partially promote the formation of synaptophysin.     

同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植在心肌梗死后心室重建中的作用

BACKGROUND:Myocardial infarction leads to ischemic changes in the myocardium, triggering the emergence of ventricular remodeling, which is an important cause of death. Myocardial infarction is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly population, but autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from these patients exhibit a weak ability of proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, a positive attempt of allogeneic stem cell transplantation is required in order to obtain better therapeutic outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.   METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from 10 neonatal rats and 10 adult rats were isolated, cultured and identified. Another 40 rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=10/group): model group, neonatal rat cell transplantation group, adult rat cell transplantation group, or sham group. Animal models of myocardial infarction were made in rats in the all groups except for the sham group in which the rats were given sham operation. Rats in the two cell transplantation groups were given the corresponding cell transplantation. Four weeks postoperatively, heart function of rats was detected in each group, and cardiac tissues were taken to detect changes in collagen formation and blood vessel density in the infarct area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Four weeks after surgery, rats in the model group showed significant changes in cardiac function indexes as compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), while compared with the model group, these cardiac function indexes improved in both two cell transplantation groups, but there was no significant difference between the two cell transplantation groups (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the model group, significantly decreased collagen formation and increased blood vessel density were found in both two cell transplantation groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the vascular density of the infarct area was highest in the sham group (P < 0.05). Experimental results show that both neonatal and adult rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve cardiac function of rats, reduce the formation of collagen in the infarct area and delay ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.     

脂肪间充质干细胞移植治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病

BACKGROUND:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is progressive respiratory disease characterized by airflow limitation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model and treatment groups (n=20 per group). Rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were made in the model and treatment group, while no treatment was done in the control group. After modeling, rats in the treatment group were given tail vein injection of CM-Dil-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and rats in the model and control groups given the same amount of normal saline. Rat pulmonary ventilation function, inflammatory factor level and pathological changes of the lung were detected at 14 days after cell transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After modeling, reduced lung function was found in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but the cell transplantation significantly improved this reduction (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, significantly reduced indexes were visible in the treatment group (P < 0.05), including the total number of white blood cells, the number of macrophages and neutrophils, levels of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α and C-reactive protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as serum level of malondialdehyde, while serum superoxide dismutase activity was increased significantly in the treatment group (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, emphysema-like changes were mitigated and CM-Dil-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were capable of homing to the lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and survived. All these findings show that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve lung function of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and reduce inflammatory response, which has for certain some therapeutic effects.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因真核表达载体转染骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗糖尿病

BACKGROUND:Existing studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve islet function in diabetic rats to decrease excessively high blood glucose level, which may be related to the enhancement of differentiation ability of autologou pancreatic stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor gene eukaryotic expression vector (PEGFP-C3-BFGF) transfection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic rats. METHODS:Recombinant adenovirus (Ad.aFGF) mediated PEGFP-C3-BFGF was transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and PEGFP-C3-BFGF expression was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes group, transplantation group, gene transfection group, with 20 rats in each group. After modeling, rats in different groups were given portal vein injection of normal saline, PBS, 1 mL of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension, and 1 mL of PEGFP-C3-BFGF-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension. RT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases in pancreatic tissue of rats in each group. Blood glucose levels of rats were detected at 24 hours, 3, 7, 14, 21 days after transplantation. ELISA method was used to detect plasma insulin levels in rats. Pathological changes of the pancreas were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the fluorescence microscope, PEGFP-C3-BFGF transfected into cells after 48 hours showed significant specific red fluorescence. Two weeks after transplantation, matrix metalloproteinases mRNA expression was significantly increased in the diabetes group compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while it was decreased in the transplantation and gene transfection groups compared with the diabetes group (P < 0.05). After transplantation, the blood glucose levels in rats were ranked as follows: control group < gene transfection group < transplantation group < diabetes group (P < 0.05), and the plasma insulin levels in rats ranked as follows: control group > gene transfection group > transplantation group > diabetes group (P < 0.05). Pathological findings of the pancreas showed that the transplantation group was superior to the diabetes group, but inferior to the gene transfection group that was similar to the control group. All these findings indicate that PEGFP-C3-BFGF-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve blood glucose levels and stimulate insulin secretion in diabetic rats, which may improve the severity of diabetes mellitus by decreasing the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases.     

人脐血间充质干细胞移植联合神经节苷脂注射治疗脑性瘫痪

BACKGROUND:In recent years, some studies have demonstrated that ganglioside can promote survival and differentiation of umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of injection of human umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells and ganglioside into rat lateral ventricles on neurological functional recovery from cerebral palsy. METHODS:Totally 60 cerebral palsy neonatal rats were delivered from pregnant rats which were modes were given intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide for 2 successive days on day 17 of gestation. Then those neonatal rats were randomly divided into five groups, including model group (n=10), sham transplantation group (n=10), stem cell transplantation group (n=18), ganglioside group (n=10) and combination group (n=12). Under stereotaxic instrument, umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells or ganglioside were injected into left lateral ventricles of the rat brain, respectively, and the sham transplantation group was given the same volume of phosphate buffered saline. Two rats from the stem cell transplantation group were put to death for immunofluorescence staining at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplantation, respectively, and two rats in the combination group were killed for immunofluorescence staining at 14 days. Besides, all rats were underwent neurologic evaluation at 28 days after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells could survive, migrate and differentiate, which mainly distributed in the lateral ventricle, hippocampus and cortex. At 14 days after transplantation, positive expressions of BrdU and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the stem cell transplantation group (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the model group, the holding time significantly prolonged and foot error times significantly decreased in the latter three groups (P < 0.05), as well as in the combination group compared with the stem cell transplantation and ganglioside groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells and ganglioside can both improve neurological function of rats with cerebral palsy. Given that ganglioside can promote survival and differentiation of umbilical blood cord mesenchymal stem cells in vivo, the combined transplantation is preferred.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合依达拉奉治疗大鼠脑梗死

背景：依达拉奉具有清除自由基和抑制脂质过氧化反应的作用,能够改善中枢神经系统损伤区的微环境。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合依达拉奉治疗大鼠脑梗死的效果。 方法：采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞模型,随机分为3组,对照组经尾静脉注射细胞培养液,骨髓间充质干细胞组经尾静脉注射2.0×109 L^-1的骨髓间充质干细胞悬液,依达拉奉+骨髓间充质干细胞组经尾静脉注射2.0×109 L^-1骨髓间充质干细胞悬液同时经腹腔注射依达拉奉3 mg/(kg•d),连续5 d。移植后行神经功能缺损评分,应用RT-PCR测定脑梗死组织水通道蛋白9及水通道蛋白4 mRNA的表达,并经全脑冷冻切片苏木精-伊红染色及荧光显微镜观察细胞自然存活及分布情况。 结果与结论：移植后24 h,3 d各组间神经功能缺损评分差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),移植后2周,依达拉奉+骨髓间充质干细胞组大鼠神经功能缺损评分低于骨髓间充质干细胞组及对照组(P < 0.05-0.01)。骨髓间充质干细胞组大鼠脑梗死周围组织水通道蛋白9 及水通道蛋白4 mRNA的表达高于依达拉奉+骨髓间充质干细胞组,却低于对照组(P < 0.05)。依达拉奉+骨髓间充质干细胞组CM-Dil阳性细胞和神经元数量多于骨髓间充质干细胞组及对照组(P < 0.05)。提示移植的骨髓间充质干细胞可移行至大鼠脑梗死灶周围并存活,分化为神经元样细胞。联合注射用依达拉奉治疗可明显改善脑梗死大鼠的神经学功能。     

脐血干细胞移植干预妊娠期高血压模型大鼠的作用

BACKGROUND:With the depth understanding of mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells are found to exert a prominent effect on immune regulation and anti-inflammation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation on endotoxin-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. METHODS:Twenty-four pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups with eight rats in each group: control, model and experimental groups. Endotoxin-induced hypertension models were made in the model and experimental groups. Meanwhile, rats were given intravenous injection of umbilical cord blood stem cell suspension (1 mL) in the experimental groups and the same volume of normal saline in the control and model groups. Therapeutic effects of umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation were observed through detection of systolic blood pressure, urine protein level, serum white blood cell quantity and Ang II and ET-1 expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the systolic blood pressure, urine protein level and serum white blood cell quantity of rats were increased significantly in the model group, and over time, endotoxin continuously promoted these parameters in the model group. After cell transplantation, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure, urine protein level and serum white blood cell quantity of rats was found in the experimental group compared with the model group (P < 0.05). After modeling, the expression levels of Ang II and ET-1 were decreased significantly, while these levels were increased significantly after cell transplantation (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation may have a certain therapeutic effect on gestational hypertension in rats, which may be realized by regulating the secretion of endothelial injury-related factors.