Dose-response relationship of lung cancer to amount smoked,duration and age starting

AIM: To quantify smoking/lung cancer relationships accurately using parametric modelling. METHODS: Using the International Epidemiological Studies on Smoking and Lung Cancer database of all epidemiological studies of 100+ lung cancer cases published before 2000, we analyzed 97 blocks of data for amount smoked, 35 for duration of smoking, and 27 for age started. Pseudo-numbers of cases and controls(or at risk) estimated from RRs by dose level formed the data modelled. We fitted various models relating loge RR to dose(d), including βd, βdY and βloge(1 + Wd),and investigated goodness-of-fit and heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS: The best-fitting models for loge RR were0.833 loge [1 +(8.1c/10)] for cigarettes/d(c), 0.792(y/10)0.74 for years smoked(y) and 0.176 [(70- a)/10]1.44 for age of start(a). Each model fitted well overall, though some blocks misfitted. RRs rose from 3.86 to 22.31 between c = 10 and 50, from 2.21 to 13.54 between y = 10 and 50, and from 3.66 to 8.94 between a = 30 and 12.5. Heterogeneity(P 0.001) existed by continent for amount, RRs for 50 cigarettes/d being 7.23(Asia), 26.36(North America) and 22.16(Europe). Little heterogeneity was seen for duration of smoking or age started. CONCLUSION: The models describe the dose-relationships well, though may be biased by factors including misclassification of smoking status and dose.     

肺癌患者症状群的研究进展

从肺癌患者症状群的发生现状、影响因素、评估方法及干预方法4个方面进行综述,总结现有研究中存在的 问题,以期为临床实践及护理科研提供参考。     

Brassiere wearing and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate existing evidence for the association between different type of brassiere exposures and the risk of breast cancer. METHODS: Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Data Base of Systematic Reviews, Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, Sciencedirect, Wiley Online Library, WanFang Data, Hong Kong Index to Chinese Periodicals, China Journal Net, Chinese Medical Current Contents, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Academic Journals Full-Text database, Taiwan Electronic Periodical Services and HyRead; reference lists of published studies; original research studies published in English or Chinese examining the association between type and duration of brassiere-wearing and breast cancer risk. Data were abstracted by a first reviewer and verified by a second. Study quality was rated according to predefined criteria. “Fair” or “good” quality studies were included. Results were summarised by meta-analysis whenever adequate material was available. RESULTS: Twelve case-control studies were included in the review. Meta-analysis showed brassiere wearing during sleep was associated with a two times of increased odds. CONCLUSION: The present review demonstrates insufficient evidence to establish a positive association between the duration and type of brassiere wearing and breast cancer. Further research is essential; specifically, a large-scale epidemiological study of a better design is needed to examine the association between various forms of brassiere exposure in detail and breast cancer risk, with adequate control of confounding variables.     

Incidence,prevalence, and predictors of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling pain condition resulting from chemotherapy for cancer. Severe acute CIPN may require chemotherapy dose reduction or cessation. There is no effective CIPN prevention strategy; treatment of established chronic CIPN is limited, and the prevalence of CIPN is not known. Here we used a systematic review to identify studies reporting the prevalence of CIPN. We searched Embase, Medline, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, PubMed central, Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge for relevant references and used random-effects meta-regression to estimate overall prevalence. We assessed study quality using the CONSORT and STROBE guidelines, and we report findings according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. We provide a qualitative summary of factors reported to alter the risk of CIPN. We included 31 studies with data from 4179 patients in our analysis. CIPN prevalence was 68.1% (57.7–78.4) when measured in the first month after chemotherapy, 60.0% (36.4–81.6) at 3 months and 30.0% (6.4–53.5) at 6 months or more. Different chemotherapy drugs were associated with differences in CIPN prevalence, and there was some evidence of publication bias. Genetic risk factors were reported in 4 studies. Clinical risk factors, identified in 4 of 31 studies, included neuropathy at baseline, smoking, abnormal creatinine clearance, and specific sensory changes during chemotherapy. Although CIPN prevalence decreases with time, at 6 months 30% of patients continue to suffer from CIPN. Routine CIPN surveillance during post-chemotherapy follow-up is needed. A number of genetic and clinical risk factors were identified that require further study.     

Effects of walnut intake on anthropometric characteristics: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background & objectiveEffects of walnut intake on anthropometric measurements have been inconsistent among clinical studies. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate and quantify the effects of walnut intake on anthropometric characteristics.MethodsWe carried out a systematic search of all available RCTs up to June 2019 in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Pooled weight mean difference (WMD) of the included studies was estimated using random-effects model.ResultsA total of 27 articles were included in this meta-analysis, with walnuts dosage ranging from 15 to 108 g/d for 2 wk to 2 y. Overall, interventions with walnut intake did not alter waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -0.193 cm, 95 % CI: -1.03, 0.64, p = 0.651), body weight (BW) (0.083 kg, 95 % CI: -0.032, 0.198, p = 0.159), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.40 kg/m,²95 % CI: -0.244, 0.164, p = 0.703), and fat mass (FM) (WMD: 0.28 %, 95 % CI: -0.49, 1.06, p = 0.476). Following dose-response evaluation, reduced BW (Coef.= -1.62, p = 0.001), BMI (Coef.= -1.24, p = 0.041) and WC (Coef.= -5.39, p = 0.038) were significantly observed through walnut intake up to 35 g/day. However, the number of studies can be limited as to the individual analysis of the measures through the dose-response fashion.ConclusionsOverall, results from this meta-analysis suggest that interventions with walnut intake does not alter BW, BMI, FM, and WC. To date, there is no discernible evidence to support walnut intake for improving anthropometric indicators of weight loss.     

快速康复外科在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术围手术期应用疗效的荟萃分析

目的:荟萃分析快速康复外科(FTS)在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的应用疗效。方法:检索Pubmed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库和维普数据库发表的FTS在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中疗效的文献,采用RevMan5.0软件进行统计分析。结果:9篇文献纳入分析,共纳入患者925例,试验组481例,对照组444例。FTS能缩短术后住院时间,加权均数差为-2.50(95%CI:-4.13,-0.87),P<0.0001;减少术后并发症,相对危险度(RR)为0.61(95%CI:0.47,0.78),P<0.0001;能缩短肠蠕动恢复时间(P<0.01);但在30d内再次入院率无统计学意义,RR为1.33(95%CI:0.78,2.25),P=0.29。结论:FTS在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中能降低术后并发症,缩短术后住院时间,有利于患者康复。     

Pistachios and cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

BackgroundPrevious experimental studies have reported that pistachios can elicit positive effects on lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammation; however, a meta-analysis of the available evidence has yet to be performed.Objectivethe aim of this study was to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of pistachio enriched diets on cardiometabolic risk factors, such as weight, BMI, blood pressure, serum lipids, blood glucose, and inflammatory biomarkers.DesignA literature search was carried out for RCTs in medical databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, with no time limitation up to August 2019, and conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Results11 RCTs, with 506 participants, that reported the effect of pistachios consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that pistachios consumption significantly reduced FBS (WMD: -3.73, 95 % CI: -6.99, -0.46, I² = 99 %), TC/HDL (WMD: -0.46, 95 % CI: -0.76, -0.15, I² = 95 %), LDL/HDL (WMD: -0.24, 95 % CI: -0.38, -0.11, I² = 96 %), HbA1C (WMD: -0.14, 95 % CI: -0.26, -0.02, I² = 60 %), Insulin (WMD: -2.43, 95 % CI: -4.85, -0.001, I² = 58 %), SBP (WMD: -3.10, 95 % CI: -5.35, -0.85, I² = 63 %), and MDA (WMD: -0.36, 95 % CI: -0.49, -0.23, I² = 0%). Importantly, we did not observe adverse effects of pistachios consumption on BMI or blood pressure.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that pistachios consumption can elicit a beneficial effect on some cardiometabolic risk factors. All previous clinical studies are well designed but some points have still remained unclear including the effects of different pistachios dosages on cardio metabolic risk factors and efficacy of pistachios consumption in preventing endothelial dysfunction. Further examination is required to determine the effect of pistachios consumption on further endothelial function risk factors.     

The risk assessment tool for intensive care unit readmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo review and evaluate existing risk assessment tools for intensive care unitreadmission.MethodsNine electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Sino Med, CNKI, VIP, and Wan fang) were systematically searched from their inception to September 2022. Two authors independently extracted data from the literature included. Meta-analysis was performed under the bivariate modeling and summary receiver operating characteristic curve method.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included in this review, among which 11 were quantitatively Meta-analyzed. The results showed Stability and Workload Index for Transfer: Sensitivity = 0.55, Specificity = 0.65, Area under curve = 0.63. And Early warning score: Sensitivity = 0.78, Specificity = 0.83, Area under curve = 0.88. The remaining tools included scores, nomograms, machine learning models, and deep learning models. These studies, with varying reports on thresholds, case selection, data preprocessing, and model performance, have a high risk of bias.ConclusionWe cannot identify a tool that can be used directly in intensive care unit readmission risk assessment. Scores based on early warning score are moderately accurate in predicting readmission, but there is heterogeneity and publication bias that requires model adjustment for local factors such as resources, demographics, and case mix. Machine learning models present a promising modeling technique but have a high methodological bias and require further validation.Implications for clinical practiceUsing reliable risk assessment tools is essential for the early identification of unplanned intensive care unit readmission risk in critically ill patients.  A reliable risk assessment tool must be developed, which is the focus of further research.     

Soy intake is associated with lowering blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials

BackgroundSoy has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, results of clinical trial studies are equivocal. Thus, the present study sought to discern the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure.MethodsThe search process was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to ascertain studies investigating the efficacy of soy intake on blood pressure in adults, published up to June 2020. A random-effects model was applied to pool mean difference and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Begg’s and Egger’s methods were conducted to assess publication bias.ResultsPooled effects from 17 effect sizes revealed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−1.70; −3.34 to −0.06 mmHg; I² = 45.4 %) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−1.27; −2.36 to −0.19 mmHg, I² = 43.9 %) following soy consumption, in comparison with controls. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a reduction in both SBP and DBP in younger participants with lower baseline DBP and intervention durations of <16 weeks.ConclusionOur results suggest that soy intake is associated with an ameliorating effect on blood pressure in adults.     

Blueberry and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimsCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity that can be prevented by the consumption of healthy foods. These include blueberry, a dark coloured berry containing extremely high amounts of functional ingredients. We therefore examined the extent to which supplementation with blueberry effects on CVD risk indices.MethodsWe searched the ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Library on March 2020 and checked reference lists from primary studies and review articles for any additional studies. No language restrictions were applied. All randomized and controlled clinical trials (RCTs) using blueberry supplements to modify CVD risk factors were included in our analysis.ResultsMean Difference (MD) was pooled using a random effects model and 11 studies were included in the final analysis. Pooled effect size showed that supplementation with blueberry had a small insignificant effect in reducing plasma triglycerides (MD = −0.27 mmol/l; 95 % CI: −0.57, 0.17, p = 0.06). Although current study found no differences between blueberry and control groups for any other outcomes, subgroup analysis suggested a favourable impact of blueberry on reducing body weight. Significant weight loss was indicated from studies longer with a follow up of more than 6 weeks or with blueberry powder or freeze-dried blueberry.ConclusionCurrent evidence is insufficient to show a benefit of blueberry supplements in modifying CVD risk factors across a variety of adult populations. Robust data and larger studies are required to assess potential effects.     

Cardiac arrest in the workplace and its outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the workplace appears to be managed more effectively than OHCA occurring in other places. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available epidemiological data was performed, comparing the rate of survival for OHCA in the workplace, versus survival in other locations.MethodsFour databases (Pub-Med, Scopus, Web of science, “Base de Données de Santé Publique”, BDSP, i.e. the French Public Health Database) were searched from 01/2000 to 03/2015, using the key words: (”Cardiac arrest”) and (“occupational” OR “workplace” OR “public location”). A two stage process with two independent readers was used to select relevant papers. Numbers of subjects who suffered from OHCA in the workplace versus other locations were extracted when possible, as well as their respective outcomes (admitted alive to the hospital, discharged alive, good neurological outcome). Metarisks were calculated using the generic variance approach (meta-odds ratios metaOR).ResultsAfter full-text reading, 17 papers were included, from 9 countries, mostly published after 2005, and coming mostly from prospective registers. “Workplace” was defined differently in different studies, mostly in terms of industrial sites and offices. The workplace was an exceptional location for occurrences of OHCA (from 0.3% to 4.7% of all OHCA, from 1.3 to 23.8 events per million people per year), based on 2077 OHCA. In the quantitative analyses (survival available, 10 studies), MetaOR were found to be relatively consistent and high (from 1.9 (1.5–2.3) to 5.9(2.7–13.0)). When OHCA occurring at workplaces were compared to other public sites, no significant differences were found.ConclusionThere is sufficient evidence to support the view that there will be better outcomes for OHCA cases that occur in the workplace than for those occurring elsewhere. Requirements for occupational health and safety should include prevention of such major (albeit rare) events.     

肺癌患者疾病不确定感及其影响因素的研究

目的 探讨肺癌患者疾病不确定感的水平,并分析其影响因素.方法 选取住院确诊的280例肺癌患者,采用一般资料调查表和中文版Mishel疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)进行测评.结果 肺癌患者疾病不确定感的总分平均为(105.15±12.66)分;不同职业、吸烟状况、本人是否知晓身患肺癌、自觉疾病不适程度、治疗方式、家人及他人支持程度、宗教信仰的患者的疾病不确定感得分差异有统计学意义;宗教信仰对患者的疾病不确定感有影响.结论 肺癌患者疾病不确定感水平较高,护理人员应根据患者的特征,有针对性地降低患者的疾病不确定感.     

Effects of nurse-led sedation protocols on mechanically ventilated intensive care adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to compare nurse-led sedation protocols with physician-led usual care in intensive care units (ICUs) in treating mechanically ventilated adult patients.Review method usedThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Wanfang databases were interrogated for articles published before May 2020.Review methodAs per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, eight randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and six preintervention and postintervention studies published in English and Chinese met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently extracted data into a tabular format using predefined data fields. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The quality of the included RCTs and preintervention and postintervention studies was assessed using the Cochrane Quality Assessment Tool and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions assessment tool.ResultsEight RCTs were of intermediate methodological quality, and six preintervention and postintervention studies exhibited a low to moderate risk of bias. Compared with usual care, nurse-led sedation protocols resulted in significantly decreased durations of mechanical ventilation (days) (standardised mean difference = ?1.765; 95% confidence interval [CI] = ?2.461, ?1.068); P < 0.001; I² = 97.7%); decreased length of ICU stay (days) (standardised mean difference = ?1.463; 95% CI = -2.181, ?0.745; P < 0.001; I² = 97.3%); reduced ICU mortality (relative risk [RR] = 0.854; 95% CI = 0.747, 0.983; P = 0.027), I² = 0%); and decreased incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (RR = 0.438; 95% CI = 0.292, 0.657; P < 0.001; I² = 41.4%), delirium (RR = 0.522; 95% CI = 0.338, 0.807; P = 0.003; I² = 26.6%), and extubation failure (RR = 0.498; 95% CI = 0.266, 0.932; P = 0.029; I² = 45.1%).ConclusionsAlthough pre–post intervention study design cannot establish causality, the present findings raise the considerable possibility that a sedation protocol can be safely implemented by nurses to reduce mortality in ICUs and sedation-related adverse events in patients on mechanical ventilation compared with physician-led usual care.