钛合金板置入内固定修复老年肱骨远端骨折的生物相容性

BACKGROUND: Fracture of the distal humerus is a common type of fracture. Conservative treatment or metal implant fixation can be used during the clinical treatment of elderly patients, but the choice of specific treatment options still lacks of clear conclusion. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical repair effect and biocompatibility of titanium alloy implant internal fixation for aged patients with distal humeral fractures. METHODS: A total of 41 elderly patients with humeral fractures, who were hospitalized in Danzhou Municipal First People’s Hospital from July 2011 to July 2014, were enrolled in this study. In accordance with the wishes of patients, repair program was selected. 22 patients in the control group received conservative treatment. 19 patients in the observation group received titanium alloy implant fixation. After 12 months of follow-up, elbow joint activity, elbow joint function recovery and adverse reactions were observed and compared in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After conservative treatment and internal fixation, each index score and total score of range of motion of shoulder joint were significantly higher in the two groups as compared with pre-treatment (P < 0.05). Each index score and total score were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Curative effect evaluation results showed four excellent patients and three good patients in the control group, eight excellent patients and four good patients in the observation group. The excellent and good rate was significantly lower in the control group than in the observation group (P < 0.05). Two patients suffered from mild inflammatory hyperplasia during taking out the fixator in the observation group, and the remaining patients did not affect inflammatory hyperplasia or capsular tissue. In the observation group, after surgery, one case experienced numbness of the ulnar nerve, which disappeared after treatment with trophic nerve. One case suffered from wound infection, which was controlled by antibiotic treatment, and did not induce a serious outcome. After follow-up, none of them had nonunion or internal fixation loosening. The results show that titanium alloy implant fixation for the treatment of distal humerus fractures can get better repair effect compared with conservative treatment, can effectively improve the elbow joint function, and titanium alloy material has good biocompatibility.      

人工关节置换、鞍式假体重建及异体骨移植在髋周围骨肿瘤治疗中的应用

背景：髋周围骨肿瘤是全身骨肿瘤好发部位,由于累及负重区,肿瘤切除难度大,对手术技术要求较高,同时往往需要重建骨盆及髋关节功能。 目的：比较髋周围骨肿瘤切除后3种不同修复重建方法的效果。 方法：收集2007年1月至2012年12月于武汉大学中山医院进行手术治疗的髋周围骨肿瘤患者20例,其中良性7例,交界性和恶性13例。均以手术切除治疗。8例采用异体骨移植,8例采用人工关节置换,4例采用鞍式假体重建。 结果与结论：20例均获得随访,随访时间5-60个月,平均40个月。根据Enneking评分标准,优8例﹑良5例﹑中4例﹑差3例,评估优良率65%。证实髋周肿瘤采用手术切除治疗,切除后采用异体骨移植、人工关节置换或鞍式假体重建能提高患者生存率,改善患者生活质量,是髋周肿瘤有效治疗方法。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

内固定植入物与外固定支架修复胫骨骨折骨不连的策略及辅助治疗

BACKGROUND: Nonunion is a common clinical problem in the prognosis of tibial fracture. The treatment method of tibial fracture nonunion is extensive and develops rapidly. Different repair plans should be taken to the nonunion of tibial fractures caused by different factors.     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉与联合加压交锁髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的短期疗效比较北大核心

背景:股骨转子间骨折是老年患者常见的骨折类型,何种内固定方式的疗效最佳尚存在争论。目的:比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉与联合加压交锁髓内钉系统治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的短期临床疗效。方法:根据患者接受的内固定方式不同,分为股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定组和联合加压交锁髓内钉固定组。股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定组19例,联合加压交锁髓内钉固定组26例。比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症发生率和术后3个月髋关节Harris功能评分。结果与结论:(1)股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定组患者平均手术时间为(125.8±21.5)min,较联合加压交锁髓内钉固定组短(156.2±54.5)min,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(2)股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定组患者平均术中出血量为(226.3±107.2)mL,较联合加压交锁髓内钉固定组少(300.0±150.3)mL,但差异无显著性意义;(3)2组患者的平均住院时间、术后并发症发生率和术后3个月髋关节Harris功能评分方面差异无显著性意义;(4)结果提示,除了在手术时间方面股骨近端防旋髓内钉系统更具优势外,两种内固定系统治疗老年股骨转子间骨折在术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症发生率和术后3个月髋关节Harris功能评分等方面无明显差异,术后短期内均具有良好的安全性和有效性。     

两种寰椎侧块螺钉固定方法的可行性比较

背景：寰椎侧块螺钉固定技术按其入钉点的不同可分为寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定和经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定(又称寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定),这2种固定方法各有优缺点,以往缺乏关于2种寰椎侧块螺钉固定方法骨性解剖可行性的比较研究, 目的：以测量国人寰椎相关骨性解剖数据为依据,比较2种寰椎侧块螺钉固定方法的可行性。 方法：收集30例(60侧)成人颈椎病患者的寰椎螺旋CT扫描数据,利用CT工作站对数据重建,分别测量寰椎侧块螺钉固定的关键骨性解剖数据,适合行经寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定的标准为寰椎椎动脉沟处后弓高度和宽度≥ 4 mm;适合行经寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定的标准为寰椎后弓下侧块高度≥ 4 mm。 结果与结论：寰椎椎动脉沟处后弓高度为(4.54±1.17) mm,椎动脉沟处后弓宽度为(8.69±1.12) mm,寰椎后弓下侧块高度为(4.98±1.07) mm。寰椎后弓椎动脉沟高度大于4 mm(适合经寰椎后弓螺钉固定组)有41侧,占68%;寰椎后弓下侧块高度大于4 mm(适合经寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定)有52侧,占87%,2组差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示经寰椎后弓下侧块螺钉固定较经寰椎椎弓根螺钉更具可行性。术前利用CT测量寰椎关键解剖结构数据对制定个性化手术方案具有重要意义。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

不同骨科植入物对放射治疗的影响

分析商用的不锈钢植入物、钛基合金植入物以及自制的碳纤维植入物在放射诊断中的影像学区别及对放射治疗剂量的影响,探讨碳纤维植入物在放射治疗方面的应用前景.把3种不同材质的骨科植入物通过手术先后植入同一只家猪的同一只后腿,用普通模拟定位机和CT模拟定位机观察不同材质的骨科植入物对影像的影响,进而利用放射治疗计划系统分析不同植...     

髋部骨折植入物的选择及其并发症

背景：临床上髋部骨折常通过手术进行治疗,但是由于老年患者各脏器功能衰退而增加了术后继发合并症的危险。 目的：综述近年国内外髋部骨折植入物及其并发症的研究进展。 方法：第一作者应用计算机检索1994年1月至2015年10月PubMed和CNKI中文期刊全文数据库有关髋部骨折植入物及其并发症的文章,英文检索词“hip fracture,implants,complications”;中文检索词“髋部骨折,植入物,并发症”。共检索到128篇相关文献,52篇文献符合纳入标准。 结果与结论：20%的髋部骨折患者会发生并发症,包括医学方面及手术治疗本身的。文章依据髋部骨折的临床分类不同,分两方面对髋部骨折植入物并发症进行了阐述。一方面以髋部骨折手术常用植入物为切入点阐述其常见的并发症;另一方面以髋部骨折部位为切入点阐述髋部骨折植入物并发症。髋部骨折植入物相关的常见并发症有髋内翻、关节脱位、植入物退出或切割股骨头等。早期内固定、抗血栓和预防感染、围手术期疼痛管理、精神错乱的及时发现和控制、正确的尿路管理、预防营养不良、补充维生素D、骨质疏松症的治疗和早期功能活动的改善,是髋部骨折患者的最佳保养建议。近年来随着内固定技术及术后处理的日益完善,以及早期康复的介入,更多的学者主张早期内固定治疗,目的是加快患者髋关节功能恢复以及防止再跌倒。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

三维重建结合钛板或拉力螺钉微创修复复杂肩胛骨骨折

背景：复杂肩胛骨骨折多采用植入物内固定治疗,标准的内固定入路(Judet入路)切口长,创伤较大。随着螺旋CT及三维重建技术的应用,使得临床医师可在植入物内固定前设计微创切口并完成内固定治疗,减少创伤,提高修复效果。 目的：观察三维重建设计结合重建钛板或拉力螺钉微创内固定修复复杂肩胛骨骨折的效果。 方法：纳入2007年2月至2012年1月秦皇岛市第一医院骨科收治的33例复杂肩胛骨骨折患者,植入物内固定前进行CT三维重建扫描,明确需要复位及内固定的部位,依此设计微创植入物内固定切口,减少皮肤、皮下组织及肌肉的剥离,进行复位,并应用重建钛板及/或拉力螺钉内固定。 结果与结论：33例患者手术时间90-130 min,术中出血300-400 mL,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为2-4个月。植入物内固定后随访12-24个月,根据Hardegger标准评价肩关节功能,优17例,良12例,可3例,差1例,优良率为88%。提示三维重建设计组合小切口微创修复复杂肩胛骨骨折,能够以较小的创伤完成骨折的满意复位及植入物内固定,获得良好的修复效果。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

腕舟状骨骨折影像学评价:哪种手术入路对骨折愈合影响最小更安全合适北大核心

背景:腕舟状骨由于其形态不规则且和腕关节相邻诸骨部分重叠,故对腕舟状骨骨折的诊断及治疗带来很大困难,究竟哪种影像学检查方法对腕舟状骨骨折的诊断率最高、哪种手术入路对舟状骨骨折愈合影响最小目前学术界尚存在不少争议。目的:综述目前腕舟状骨骨折的影像学检查及手术入路方面的研究进展。方法:由第一作者用中国期刊全文数据库和PubM ed数据库,检索时间:2005至2015年,检索词分别为"腕舟状骨"、"骨折"、"影像学"、"手术入路"和"scaphodl bone"、"fracture"、"iconography"、"surgical approach",语言分别设定为中文和英文。纳入腕舟状骨骨折的影像学检查及手术入路相关的研究,排除陈旧及重复的文献,共检索到3 021篇文章,按纳入标准对文献进行筛选,共纳入24篇文章进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)腕舟状骨骨折腕关节旋前60°和旋后45°、斜位片及侧位这4种体位可以从不同角度显示腕舟状骨,具有较好的互补作用,可以作为评价腕舟状骨骨折较为理想的X射线检查体位,从而提高诊断的准确性。现阶段采用CT检查最可靠也最直观,但是CT检查尚缺少一些精确的量化参数来判断腕舟状骨骨折,尤其对微小的骨折来说更是如此。MRI不仅能很好地评价腕舟状骨结构的完整性,更重要的是能准确地反映腕舟状骨的血液灌注情况。采用核素骨扫描比反复进行X射线检查或CT检查的准确率更高;(2)目前文献报道的腕舟状骨骨折手术入路包括掌侧入路、背侧入路、桡腕侧入路等,但尚无一种公认的理想手术入路;(3)综合文献报道,较为理想的舟状骨骨折手术入路应能满足6个条件:能方便地显露舟状骨、便于骨折复位、尽可能少破坏舟状骨的残余血供、便于确定舟状骨长轴以便内固定器材的植入、微创化、总体手术过程简便易行,目前上述手术入路仍难以完全满足这6个条件,有待于临床上进一步探索。     

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy resulting from compression of the median nerve as it passes through a narrow tunnel in the wrist on its way to the hand. The lack of precise objective and clinical tests, along with symptoms that are synonymous with other syndromes in the upper extremity, cause carpal tunnel syndrome to appear to be a rare entity in athletics. However, it should not be ruled out as a possible etiology of upper extremity paralysis in the athlete. More typically, carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy encountered in industry. Treatment may include rest and/or splinting of the involved wrist, ice application, galvanic stimulation, or iontophoresis to reduce inflammation, and then transition to heat modalities and therapeutic exercises for developing flexibility, strength, and endurance. In addition, an ergonomic assessment should be conducted, resulting in modifications to accommodate the carpal tunnel syndrome patient.     

前交叉韧带解剖重建股骨隧道与外侧副韧带解剖重建股骨隧道的关系

目的探讨前交叉韧带(ACL)单束解剖重建股骨隧道与外侧副韧带(LCL)重建股骨隧道的关系,以期为临床中ACL解剖重建提供解剖学数据,便于临床实际操作中避免2个股骨隧道相互干扰,为ACL和LCL一期解剖重建提供依据。方法采用30例成人尸体膝部标本,保留膝关节上下至少20cm,排除关节明显退变、畸形及关节损伤。男性16例,女性14例,年龄在23~66岁,平均年龄38.7岁。屈膝120°经前内辅助入路(AMP)钻取股骨隧道。在股骨外髁外侧面寻找后外侧角(PLC)结构,钝性分离LCL,并钻取LCL隧道。标本进行CT扫描,在CT片上观察隧道碰撞数,并计算两个隧道的最短距离。结果在LCL股骨隧道深度为25mm时,其与ACL股骨隧道最短距离为(3.9±2.4)mm;在LCL股骨隧道深度为30mm时,其与ACL股骨隧道最短距离为(2.7±1.9)mm。在ACL股骨隧道深度为25mm时,其与LCL股骨隧道的最短距离为(4.4±2.6)mm;在ACL股骨隧道深度为30mm时,其与LCL股骨隧道的最短距离为(3.2±2.1)mm。在30例标本中,共发现6例隧道碰撞,碰撞的几率高达20%。结论我们发现两者隧道发生碰撞的几率高,临床一期解剖重建时,术前应做个体化准备,规划好LCL重建所需股骨隧道的长度和隧道直径,从而规避与ACL股骨隧道的碰撞。     

肘管的解剖特点对原位松解术治疗肘管综合征的疗效影响

目的　探讨肘管的解剖特点,为肘管综合征的手术方式的选择提供参考意义。 方法　选取81例肘管综合征患者,依据其肘管的解剖构造特点分为A、B两组,A 组：肘管支持带的厚度≥1.4 mm者,或者肘管支持带被滑车上肘肌取代者,共39例,B组：肘管支持带的厚度＜1.4 mm者,共42例,均实施尺神经原位松解术,术后随访12个月,我们将两组的有效率进行比较。 结果　两组的有效率具有显著差异（P＜0.05）, A组的有效率为92.31%, B组的有效率为76.19%。 结论　对于肘管支持带较厚者,或者直接被滑车上肘肌的患者,引发肘管综合征的病因考虑为被增厚的弓状韧带或者被滑车上肘肌卡压,故实施尺神经原位松解术的效果好,而肘管支持带相对较薄者,实施尺神经原位松解术治疗效果较差,考虑这类肘管综合征患者为尺神经完全屈肘时遭到牵拉引起,而非卡压造成。     

Outcomes of trans-tibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a fovea landmark technique in relation to tunnel position and serial tunnel configuration

PurposeTo evaluate (1) the outcome of PCL reconstruction with tibial suspensory fixation using a fovea landmark technique based on the tunnel position and serial change of the tunnel configuration after trans-tibial PCL reconstruction, and (2) whether suspensory fixation has any harmful effect on the outcome.MethodsA total of 48 knees that underwent PCL reconstruction were included. The tunnel position was analyzed using CT. To analyze the tunnel configuration, the tunnel diameter, area, and volume were measured. To evaluate the outcome, pre- and postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores were analyzed. To evaluate stability, a side-to-side difference was evaluated using Telos stress radiographs.ResultsThe greatest configurational change occurred at the mid-portion of tibial tunnel. There was a correlation between stability and tibial tunnel mid-portion configurational change (p < 0.01). Important correlations were found between the tunnel position and serial tunnel configuration between high femoral tunnel and widest site of femoral tunnel and tibia aperture (p < 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). The diameter of widest site of tibia tunnel increased when the tibia tunnel center moved toward the posterior margin of the tibia (p = 0.02) and the percentage of femoral tunnel volume enlargement increased when the tibia tunnel center moved toward the medial edge of the PCL fovea (p = 0.02).ConclusionsA high femoral tunnel, medial tibial tunnel, and posterior tibial tunnel were related to the serial configurational change. A suspensory tibial fixation produced significant configurational change around the mid-portion of the tibial tunnel, and it induced a negative effect on stability.Level of Evidence: Level IV.     

Autosomal dominant carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is common in adults and is usually sporadic and idiopathic. When carpal tunnel syndrome is inherited, it is often the manifestation of a systemic disease. We report carpal tunnel syndrome in an otherwise healthy woman aged 35 years. Family history reveals that her daughter, her sister and a sister's daughter, an aunt, a first cousin, her father and the paternal grandmother are also affected. The age of onset of the disease in this family was between 9 and 52 years of age. The family in this paper demonstrates an interesting pattern of inheritance with earlier onset of symptoms in subsequent generations, suggestive of anticipation.     

High prevalence of wild-type transthyretin deposition in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome: a common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in the elderly

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of entrapment neuropathy. However, the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome remains unclear in most cases. Senile systemic amyloidosis, induced by wild-type transthyretin deposition, is a prevalent aging-related disorder and often accompanied by carpal tunnel syndrome. In this study, we measured the frequency of unrecognized wild-type transthyretin deposition in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. One hundred twenty-three patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, including 100 idiopathic patients, treated by carpal tunnel release surgery were analyzed. Tenosynovial tissues obtained at surgery were analyzed by Congo red and immunohistochemical staining. If staining for transthyretin was positive, the entire transthyretin gene was analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. We also analyzed tenosynovial tissues from 32 autopsy cases as controls. Thirty-four patients (34.0%) with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome showed amyloid deposition in the tenosynovial tissue, and all amyloid showed specific immunolabeling with antitransthyretin antibody. Direct DNA sequencing of the entire transthyretin gene did not reveal any mutations, indicating that all amyloid deposits were derived form wild-type transthyretin. Statistical analysis using logistic regression showed that the prevalence of transthyretin deposition in the idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome group was significantly higher than that in controls (odds ratio, 15.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.3-5.7), and age and male sex were independent risk factors for transthyretin amyloid deposition. Our results demonstrate that wild-type transthyretin deposition is a common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome in elderly men. It is likely that many patients develop carpal tunnel syndrome as an initial symptom of senile systemic amyloidosis.     

Carpal tunnel syndrome: issues and answers.

Carpal tunnel syndrome has received a lot of attention recently in both the medical literature and the lay press. This is due, in large part, to increased recognition and treatment of this condition and its acceptance in the 1980s as being a work-related injury. The latter has been a source of confusion for patients and for many physicians, and signifies a real need for a clearer understanding of the entity known as carpal tunnel syndrome. This article addresses some of the current major issues regarding carpal tunnel syndrome and provides answers to those important issues.     

The ulnar tunnel: a rare disposition of its contents

The ulnar tunnel is located at the proximal part of the hand radial to the pisiform bone and to the proximal part of the carpal tunnel. Inside it lie the ulnar nerve and artery. Compression of the ulnar nerve in this tunnel is often reported. Cysts, occupational trauma, fractures and muscle variations are among the main causes (Schjelderup, 1964; Kleinert & Hayes, 1971). Damage to the ulnar nerve and artery during the endoscopic decompression of the carpal tunnel has been reported recently (Agee et al. 1992; Nath et al. 1993; De Smets & Fabry, 1995). The structures within the ulnar tunnel are closely related to the medial part of the flexor retinaculum, in particular the ulnar artery which is located lateral to the ulnar nerve. During a study of this region we found a rare disposition of the contents of this tunnel. We believe that knowledge of this variation is important for the surgical anatomy of this region.     

Collagen dysplasia in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome

Surgical biopsies of dissected transverse carpal ligaments of patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were examined with an electron microscope revealing collagen fibrils with extremely varying diameters. Morphometric analysis was performed on electron micrographs exhibiting fibrils with a small diameter comparable to that in control tissue as well as fibrils with a far larger diameter than could be observed in control tissue. Morphometric parameters were evaluated in order to analyse the relation between the number of and the area covered by collagen fibrils in the electron micrographs. In control tissue the numerical density per image area was twice the numerical density in carpal tunnel syndrome. However, the area fraction of the electron micrographs occupied by collagen fibrils in carpal tunnel syndrome and controls were equal.     

Importance of the ultrasound in cubital tunnel syndrome

We report a case of a patient with cubital tunnel syndrome caused by presence of a non-thrombotic vein in the cubital tunnel. Cubital tunnel syndrome is a symptom complex caused by the compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. It is the second most common peripheral compression neuropathy. Ulnar compression at the elbow can be clinically diagnosed; however, an electroneurographic examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Sonography and MRI may be required to locate nerve lesions, but primarily to evaluate the causes of compression. We decided to report this case because it shows the importance of the ultrasound in the diagnosis of the cause of compressions, including those rare and unexpected.