经伤椎置入椎弓根螺钉内固定修复胸腰椎骨折的可行性评价

背景：传统修复单椎体胸腰椎骨折常采用跨伤椎4钉固定,由于存在“平行四边形效应”及“悬挂效应”,容易发生内固定失败,复位高度及矫正角度丢失等并发症,而经伤椎椎弓根钉内固定,可避免或减少上述并发症发生。 目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复单椎体胸腰椎骨折的可行性。 方法：回顾性分析兰州大学第一医院骨科2013年1月至2014年6月收治的单节段胸腰椎骨折患者23例,损伤节段为T11-L2,平均年龄47.8岁,所有患者均在受伤后10 d内接受后路伤椎椎弓根螺钉和相邻上下椎椎弓根螺钉6枚螺钉内固定治疗,观察修复效果,包括术后短期并发症、椎体前缘高度比值及后凸Cobb角,以及脊髓神经功能损伤恢复情况。 d内接受后路伤椎椎弓根螺钉和相邻上下椎椎弓根螺钉6枚螺钉内固定治疗,观察修复效果,包括术后短期并发症、椎体前缘高度比值及后凸Cobb角,以及脊髓神经功能损伤恢复情况。 结果与结论：23例患者随访4-15个月,所有病例治疗后短期内(4-15个月)均未出现严重并发症,末次随访未出现钉棒断裂及内固定松动等情况。治疗后及末次随访所测得椎体前缘高度比值及后凸Cobb角均较治疗前明显改善,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),两项指标末次随访与治疗后相比稍有反弹,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。末次随访时大部分患者脊髓神经功能有所恢复。提示经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复单节段胸腰椎骨折,能够有效恢复伤椎高度及矫正后凸畸形,并能保持矫正效果,钉棒断裂发生率低,优势明显。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎骨折：远期效果及生物力学分析

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screw fixation is a common repair method for thoracolumbar fractures. Of them, pedicle screw placement into the injured vertebra is an important method. However, the long-term effects and the related biomechanical properties deserve further analysis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the long-term effect and biomechanical characteristics of the internal fixation of thoracolumbar fractures by pedicle screw implantation.  METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 126 cases of thoracolumbar fractures. The patients were treated with pedicle screw implantation and the treatment was followed up regularly. Ten specimens of fresh calf chest and lumbar spines were obtained. Five specimens served as an experimental group to prepare models of anterior middle column fractures, and these specimens received pedicle screw fixation into the injured vertebra. The other five specimens served as the control group, and did not receive any treatment. In the two groups, along the sagittal axis, axial compression displacement, anterior flexion displacement, posterior extension displacement, torsion angle and pull-out strength were measured and recorded.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Clinical trial results: 126 patients were followed up for 10-36 months. Compared with pre-treatment, compression ratio of the injured vertebra, the height of intervertebral space, vertebral slip distance, visual analogue score and Cobb angle were significantly improved at 1 month after treatment and during final follow-up (all P < 0.05). No significant difference in above indexed was detected between 1 month and final follow-up (all P > 0.05). At the end of follow-up, Frankel spinal cord injury grade was significantly improved (Z=-4.127, P < 0.05). After operation, three patients suffered from pulmonary infection, four patients affected urinary tract infection, and one patient experienced delayed wound healing. (2) Biomechanical results: axial compression displacement, anterior flexion displacement, posterior extension displacement, torsion angle and pull-out strength were smaller in the experimental group than in the control group (all P > 0.05). (3) Above findings showed that pedicle screw fixation into the injured vertebra for thoracolumbar fractures obtained good long-term effects, and had good biomechanical properties.     

后路间接减压植入物内固定与后路椎板切除直视下减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

背景：对于后纵韧带复合体完整的胸腰椎爆裂骨折是否需要减压,采用何种复位效果较为可靠,尚缺乏临床对照研究。 目的：对比后路间接减压植入物内固定与后路椎板切除直视下减压内固定治疗后纵韧带复合体完整的后柱牵张性损伤胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床效果。 方法：纳入后纵韧带复合体完整的后柱牵张性损伤胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者48例,其中23例采用后路间接减压植入物内固定修复,25例采用后路椎板切除直视下减压内固定修复。观察固定后并发症、脊柱后凸畸形矫正情况、椎管占位复位和神经损伤恢复程度。 结果与结论：所有患者随访20~25个月,随访期间,采用后路间接减压植入物内固定修复患者的早期并发症发生率、远期残留背痛及活动受限的发生率均低于采用后路椎板切除直视下减压内固定修复的患者;固定后1周,后路间接减压植入物内固定后椎体前后缘高度、Cobb角纠正程度优于后路椎板切除直视下减压内固定,固定后1年,两组患者脊柱后凸畸形纠正程度、神经损伤恢复情况差异无显著意义。说明对于后纵韧带复合体完整的后柱牵张性损伤胸腰椎爆裂骨折应优选后路间接减压植入物内固定进行修复。     

不同植入物修复Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折：Cobb’s角和伤椎前缘高度对比

背景：Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折是常见的脊柱损伤,可能会累及上终板损伤。临床上常采用骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定对其进行修复,这种方案能够有效达到矫正后凸畸形的目的,但是遭受挤压破坏的骨小梁不能得到完全恢复。 目的：观察骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定+伤椎椎体内人工骨植骨对Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折的修复效果,并与单纯骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定进行对比。 方法：回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月张家港澳洋医院骨科收治的70例Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者的临床资料,根据修复方案分为两组,每组35例。对照组患者行骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定,观察组患者行骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定+伤椎椎体内人工骨植骨。对比观察两组患者在修复前、修复后1周、3个月、6个月的Oswsetry功能障碍指数、伤椎前缘高度、腰背部疼痛目测类比评分以及伤椎后凸Cobb’s角。  结果与结论：修复后1周、3个月、6个月,观察组患者的目测类比评分与对照组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);但观察组患者的ODI均显著低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);观察组的伤椎体前缘高度与对照组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);但观察组患者的Cobb’s角均显著低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定+伤椎椎体内人工骨植骨对Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折具有较好的修复效果,不仅能够有效矫正Cobb’s角和伤椎体前缘高度,还能通过对伤椎内进行骨填充,帮助脊柱正常载荷的恢复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

双切口椎弓根螺钉置入可有效恢复胸腰椎骨折后的伤椎高度

背景：研究表明后路椎弓根螺钉是治疗屈曲压缩型骨折的首选治疗方式。 目的：观察腰椎后路双切口内固定置入恢复胸腰椎骨折后的伤锥高度及临床效果。 方法：经X射线及胸腰椎MRI确诊的屈曲压缩型胸腰椎骨折患者34例,均采用腰椎后路双切口椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗。 结果与结论：34例患者平均随访8.9个月,在随访期内,患者均未出现内固定物松动、断裂。疼痛疗效中,34例患者,完全缓解21例,部分缓解1例,轻微缓解1例。与治疗前相比,患者治疗后椎体高度丢失减少(P < 0.01),功能独立性评测评分升高(P < 0.01),疼痛目测类比评分降低(P < 0.01)。结果证实,腰椎后路双切口内固定能有效恢复伤椎高度对患者肢体功能恢复及疼痛减轻方面确切有效,是胸腰段屈曲压缩型骨折患者有效的治疗方法。     

RTS和SEXTANT经皮微创椎弓根螺钉置入修复不稳定胸腰椎骨折：椎体复位高度比较

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the development of minimally invasive techniques, the application of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation techniques gradually become widespread, but in the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures, due to lack of reduction apparatus or power defect, the reduction of the injured vertebra is poor. In order to improve this deficiency, we design a percutaneous pedicle screw system in order to achieve the desired effect of reduction.     

伤椎后路椎弓根螺钉置入并椎体内植骨重建胸腰椎椎体的高度

背景：后路短节段经椎弓根内固定器械可使骨折达到近似解剖复位效果,明显提高疗效,但远期随访矫形度数丢失、内固定失败等并发症较普遍。 目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性。 方法：对73例胸腰椎骨折应用椎弓根钉棒系统后路伤椎一侧椎弓根螺钉置入内固定,对侧经椎弓根通道采用自体骨和同种异体骨行椎体内植骨。 结果与结论：73例随访6个月内均获骨性愈合,脊柱植骨融合率100%,无螺钉松动、折断。1例Frankel分级C级无变化,1例D级无变化,其余患者神经功能及腰背痛明显改善;置入后6个月损伤节段后凸平均Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度、椎管前后径残留程度均较治疗前明显恢复。表明经伤椎椎弓根钉置入内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗骨折可获得满意复位,重建椎体高度,增强脊柱的抗压稳定性,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、矫正丢失等并发症。     

后路截骨矫形螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰段僵硬性角状后凸畸形：中期随访评价

BACKGROUND: During spinal orthopedic repair, the main difficulty is to maximize the correction of the deformity, simultaneously, to reduce the incidence of trauma and complications, especially to avoid the corresponding spinal nerve injury.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation in the treatment of rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 42 cases of rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine that were treated by one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation. All patients received detailed imaging examination before and after operation. Kyphosis angle, Frankel grading and perioperative complications were recorded in all patients. X-ray films or CT films showed the bone graft fusion during follow-up.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Patients were followed up for 10-36 months after treatment. The average time of bone graft fusion was 5.1 months. Cobb’s angle of kyphosis was corrected from 78.4° (38°-110°) preoperatively to 7°(-8°-24°) at 10 days after treatment. The correction rate was 90%. The average angle during final follow-up was 7.9°, with an average loss of 0.9°. In 16 paresis patients, Frankel grading results showed grade B in 0 case, grade C in 3 cases, grade D in 5 cases, and grade E in 8 cases during final follow-up, showing significant improvement as compared with that pre-treatment (P < 0.05). Among 42 patients, 5 cases had complications. At 7 months after treatment, there were screw and titanium rod loosening at the distal end of the fusion segment in 1 case, cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 cases, transient double lower limb weakness in 1 case, pain in one side of lower limb in 1 case, and no severe complications appeared. These results verified that one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation could achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine. The internal fixation was stable and with a high fusion rate and few complications. The medium-term effect was satisfactory.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

经后路短缩截骨环脊髓减压治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折

目的：探讨经后路短缩截骨环脊髓减压内固定治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法：对我院23例陈旧性胸腰椎骨折患者回顾分析,根据术前设计截骨角度短缩截骨,彻底环脊髓减压后内固定上下椎体,及后外侧植骨融合。结果：本组均随访,随访时间平均1．3a。矫正角37°,矫正角丧失2．3°,平均Frankel分级改善1级。截骨融合率100％,无1例脊髓损伤,术后患者满意率：91．3％。结论：后路短缩截骨环脊髓减压内固定是治疗中青年陈旧性胸腰椎骨折的有效方法。     

经伤椎和跨伤椎螺钉置入固定胸腰椎压缩性骨折：脊柱稳定性长期随访

BACKGROUND: Posterior pedicle screw fixation is a common method for treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures. The fixation method contains long-segment fixation, short-segment fixation and vertebral fixation. Clinical effects of vertebral fixation and inter-vertebral short-segment fixation for treating thoracolumbar fractures remain unclear.  OBJECTIVE: To compare the stability of posterior vertebral fixation and inter-vertebral pedicle screw fixation for treating thoracolumbar compression fractures.  METHODS: Clinical data of 46 patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fixation methods, they were divided into the vertebral fixation group (n=21) and inter-vertebral fixation group (n=25). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative blood transfusion, the time of lying in bed, vertebral Cobb angle, anterior vertebral height and visual analog scores were evaluated for a long time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During repair, in both groups, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and intraoperative blood transfusion were better in the inter-vertebral fixation group than in the vertebral fixation group (P < 0.05-0.01). The time of lying in bed was better in the vertebral fixation group than in inter-vertebral fixation group (P < 0.01). (2) No significant difference in Cobb angle and anterior vertebral height was detected before and after treatment and during repair in both groups, but final follow-up and follow-up loss were better in the vertebral fixation group than in inter-vertebral fixation group (P < 0.05-0.01). (3) No significant difference in visual analog scores was detected before and after treatment in both groups. Visual analog scores were better in the vertebral fixation group than in the inter-vertebral fixation group (P < 0.01). (4) These results suggested that the two fixation methods obtained satisfactory repair effects in long-term follow-up. The dominance in maintaining the height and curvature of the spine was more obvious in the vertebral fixation group than in the inter-vertebral fixation group. The vertebral fixation can be more effective to reconstruct the spinal physiological sequence and restore its stability. After repair, low back pain can also be effectively controlled.        

延伸后路钉棒内固定修复青年型胸腰椎单纯屈曲压缩性骨折：改善矫形复位效率

BACKGROUND: The type of simply youth compressibility fracture of thoracic and lumbar spine with posterior vertebral injury nailing reset scheme can effectively reset with mechanics from the rear, but due to bone characteristics of the youth, the rear force cannot effectively open anterior and middle columns. To improve the effect of rear reset during the operation becomes the focus of clinical attention and difficult issues.     

经后路椎体次全切除、钛网植骨及椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸、腰椎爆裂骨折或合并脱位

BACKGROUND: Thoracolumbar burst fracture or thoracolumbar fracture dislocation are the common types of fracture in spine surgery. Surgical treatment is often used for this kind of injury. Different surgical methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.      

经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉置入固定修复胸腰椎骨折的Meta分析

背景：临床上胸腰椎骨折越来越多,但对于胸腰椎骨折固定方式存在较多争论,对于采用经伤椎置钉椎弓根螺钉固定还是传统跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定存在不同观点,尚缺乏循证医学支持。 目的：对经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折固定后效果效果的评价。 方法：按照Cochrane系统评价的方法,检索下列数据库：美国国立医学图书馆数据库、中国知网、万方数数据库,维普数据库并手工检索等方法收集会议文献,检索时间为2005年至2015年3月。收集所有随机对照试验,采用Cochrane协作网提供的软件Revman 4.2进行Meta分析。 结果与结论：通过筛选,总共纳入14个临床对照试验共个956例患者。Meta分析结果显示,伤椎置钉组较跨节段组治疗胸腰椎骨折固定后Cobb角度改善明显(OR=-2.72,95%CI：-3.08至-2.35,P < 0.01)。经伤椎置钉组较跨节段组椎体高度矫正率较高(OR=7.45,95%CI：6.94-7.97,P < 0.01)。经伤椎置钉组较跨节段组相比较内固定失败率较低(OR=0.12,95%CI：0.05-0.27,P < 0.01)。结果证实,经伤椎置钉与跨节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折相比较固定后Cobb角度改善明显,固定后椎体高度纠正明显以及引起内固定失败率等并发症更少,固定效果较好。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程      

椎体成形后新发椎体压缩骨折：与骨质疏松及脊柱矢状位序列失衡有关

BACKGROUND: Recent report addressing new vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty has increased gradually. It remains controversial whether new vertebral fracture is induced by bone cement augmentation or osteoporosis.      

3D打印模块辅助腰椎弓根微创置钉：自身对照、开放性、2年随访临床试验方案

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation is an effective treatment for thoracolumbar diseases, but skilled operations are required during the internal fixation. If inaccurate implantation occurs, adverse reactions will appear postoperatively; for example, the implanted screw will fall off. 3D printing can manufacture a suitable implant for a patient, accurately simulate the repair process, and reduce the difficulty and complexity of the operation, aiming to produce an implant that is most suitable for repair surgery.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折：椎体骨折数目和C7矢状位比值的关系

BACKGROUND: Sagittal imbalance induced by vertebral osteoporotic fractures has not been paid enough attention in previous studies.      

Viper脊柱微创系统和椎弓根螺钉内固定修复胸腰椎压缩性骨折

BACKGROUND: Thoracolumbar spine as highly concentrated stress, often prone to vertebral fractures. With the further development of the biomechanics and anatomical structure of the spine, posterior open reduction and internal fixation with pedicle screw has been widely accepted by clinicians.