胃癌干细胞抗原负载树突细胞与细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞

BACKGROUND:As the existence of tumor stem cells, it is difficult to completely eliminate tumors in clinic. OBJECTIVE:To explore the tumor-killing effect of gastric cancer stem cells as antigen to stimulate dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer cells. METHODS:Side population cells from human gastric cancer cell lines were isolated, and tumor antigen was prepared by freeze thawing method. After coculture with dendritic cells, dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer cells, gastric cancer cell antigen, and gastric cancer stem cell antigen, killing rates of gastric cancer cells were detected using MTT assay. Expression rate of CD83, a mature dendritic cell surface marker, was also detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The CD83 expression level and killing rate of gastric cancer cells were both significantly lower in the gastric cancer stem cell antigen group than the other groups (both P < 0.05). These results indicate that gastric cancer stem cells as antigen to stimulate dendritic cells combined with cytokine-induced killer cells can promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and elevate the ability to killing gastric cancer cells.     

Apoptin基因通过激活caspase-3诱导人黑色素瘤细胞A375凋亡

目的研究caspase-3在肿瘤特异性凋亡基因诱导人黑色素瘤细胞A375凋亡中的作用。方法用含有apoptin基因的真核表达载体瞬间转染体外培养的人黑色瘤细胞A375;采用RT-PCR、DNA凝胶电泳、流式细胞术检测A375细胞的凋亡;以比色法检测caspase-3的相对活性。结果Ap-optin基因瞬间转染的A375细胞可出现典型的细胞凋亡所具有的DNA梯状带;流式细胞术发现实验组细胞凋亡率明显高于其他各组(P<0.01);转染后24h实验组caspase-3的活性开始升高,72h达高峰,明显高于其他各组(P<0.01)。结论Apoptin基因可通过激活caspase-3诱导人黑色素瘤细胞A375凋亡。     

大鼠肝癌诱导过程中肝癌干细胞标志及炎症因子的动态变化

背景：近年来已有研究者从肝癌组织和细胞系中发现了CD133、乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)、CD90、CD44、EpcAM、CD13、OV6、K19、c-kit、ABCG2等多种肝癌干细胞的标志物,其中CD家族的CD133、CD90、CD44等被认为与肝癌的复发和转移密切相关。 目的：探讨大鼠肝癌诱导过程中肝癌干细胞标志及炎症因子的动态变化及两者相关性。 方法：应用二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)溶液饲养SD大鼠24周诱导大鼠肝癌模型,并设立普通水喂养的健康对照组。 结果与结论：免疫组织化学检测显示,模型组肝癌诱导过程中Kupffer细胞相关ED2表达呈现出逐渐增多的情况,与健康对照组比较,模型组ED2在诱癌第12,16,20,24周的表达均显著升(P < 0.05)。定量PCR 检测显示,肝癌诱导过程中CD90呈逐渐上升趋势(P < 0.05),较之健康肝脏组织,肝癌组织中CD90上升更明显(P < 0.05);CD133 呈现出一定升高趋势,但经单因素方差分析无统计学意义(P > 0.05);在诱癌过程中其他肝癌干细胞标志物未出现明显改变(P > 0.05)。肝癌诱导过程中,肿瘤坏死因子α、转化生长因子β、MCP-1及白细胞介素6均明显上升(P < 0.05),较之健康肝脏组织,肝癌组织中转化生长因子β、MCP-1、白细胞介素6表达显著偏高(P < 0.05),其余炎症因子在诱癌过程中则未出现明显改变(P > 0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析,MCP-1、转化生长因子β、白细胞介素6与CD90的表达之间呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)。表明Kupffer细胞所释放的部分炎症因子与肝癌干细胞标志之间存在一定的相关性,Kupffer细胞可促进肝癌的发生。     

移植骨髓间充质干细胞肝癌大鼠细胞凋亡及炎症因子的动态变化

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has not been thoroughly reported on its effects on apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cells and inflammatory factor level. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on dynamic change of inflammatory factors and cell apoptosis during hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS:Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into healthy group (n=30), control group (n=30) and transplantation group (n=30). Healthy group was given ordinary feed and normal water, while other groups were given diethylnitrosamine solution in drinking water to induce liver cancer models. Then, rats in the transplantation group were subjected to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via the tail vein. Two weeks after cell transplantation, CXCL5, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 levels were tested by ELISA, mRNA level of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α detected by RT-PCR, expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in liver tissue measured by immunohistochemical method, and liver cancer cell apoptosis index detected by TUNEL technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After modeling, the expressions of CXCL5, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 in the control group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P < 0.05), while these indexes were reduced significantly after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (P < 0.05) and close to the normal levels (P > 0.05). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation significantly up-regulated the mRNA level of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α in the liver tissue that was decreased obviously after modeling (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of Bcl-2 was reduced, while the expression of Bax and the apoptosis index increased significantly in the transplantation group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation contributes to hepatocyte differentiation and regeneration in liver cancer rats by reducing serum inflammatory factor levels and promoting apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cells.     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体抑制卵巢癌3AO细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡北大核心CSCD

目的研究肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)诱导卵巢癌3AO细胞凋亡的分子机制。方法用(12.5、25.0、50.0)ng/mL的重组人TRAIL蛋白与卵巢癌3AO细胞共孵育72 h,观察细胞的形态变化,在不同时间段收集细胞,MTT法检测细胞生长增殖,计算细胞的生长抑制率,annexin V-FITC/PI染色结合流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和细胞周期,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)观察凋亡形态特征,Western blot法检测凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3蛋白表达。结果各浓度组的TRAIL都可以引起3AO细胞形态学改变,对细胞增殖均有抑制作用(P<0.05),25 ng/mL和50 ng/mL TRAIL处理的3AO细胞出现明显的细胞凋亡和周期阻滞,随着药物作用时间的延长,G1期细胞比例逐渐增多,而S期和G2/M期细胞比例减少,caspase-3蛋白呈高表达,但两组之间的凋亡率和凋亡蛋白的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 TRAIL是通过抑制细胞周期、阻滞DNA合成、活化caspase-3诱导卵巢癌3AO细胞凋亡。     

细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞的生物学特性研究

目的:探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)的生物学特性。方法:健康人非贴壁单个核细胞用含IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-2、CD3单抗诱导CIK细胞。以LAK细胞作为对照。流式细胞仪和免疫细胞化学染色检测细胞表型特征;乳酸脱氢酶释放法分析细胞毒活性。结果:诱导2周后,CIK细胞的增殖率达到高峰,CD3⁺细胞占95％以上;第3周细胞生长进入平台期。诱导15d时,CD3⁺CD56⁺NKT亚群占16.5％,比例在2-4周区间内无明显变化。LAK细胞增殖缓慢,显著低于同期CIK细胞增殖率(P＜0.01)。不同效:靶比例CIK细胞对肝癌细胞BeL-7402的特异性溶解率显著高于LAK细胞(P＜0.01)。免疫细胞化学染色结果显示,CIK细胞高度表达HLA-DR和CD54抗原,NKT细胞体积较CD3⁺CD56^-细胞略大,细胞表面有大量伪足。结论:CIK细胞具有高度增殖能力,其体外杀瘤活性明显优于LAK细胞。诱导14-21d,CIK细胞增殖率和CD3⁺CD56⁺阳性细胞率均达到高峰,此时期的CIK细胞适合临床应用。     

阿霉素诱导人肝癌细胞株HCC—9204肝癌细胞凋亡的形态学 …

应用抗癌药阿霉素成功地诱导增减人肝癌细胞株ＨＣＣ－９２０４肝癌细胞发生凋亡，用２０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１阿霉素作用肝癌细胞３ｈ，换培养液继续培养１２ｈ后，肝癌细胞ＤＮＡ结构发生断裂，电泳呈梯状。肝癌细胞形态改变出现细胞膜小泡和凋讯小体形成等凋亡细胞特征，经透射电镜和扫描电镜观察显示，在体积缩小胞膜皱缩的肝癌细胞表面产生一种球形小体，有的肝癌细胞崩解为碎片状，形态学观察结构提示，肝癌细胞产生的球形小体可     

RNA干扰GPC3基因表达影响肝癌细胞Huh-7凋亡的机制研究

目的观察RNA干扰GPC3基因表达对人肝癌细胞Huh-7凋亡的影响,并探讨其初步机制。方法设计并合成靶向GPC3的特异性siRNA片段,通过脂质体转染法瞬时转染肝癌细胞Huh-7,48h后验证siRNA的干扰效率;Annexin V/PI染色法观察GPC3基因沉默对细胞凋亡的影响;通过Western blot和定量PCR来检测caspase3的蛋白水平和核酸水平表达。结果设计合成的GPC3siRNA转染后,能够有效抑制Huh-7细胞中GPC3的表达;流式细胞仪检测结果显示,GPC3干扰组细胞在转染后48、72h的凋亡率显著高于空白对照组（P〈0.01）,96h后两组凋亡率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。GPC3干扰组的caspase3在转染后48、72h的表达高于未转染组,96h后两组间caspase3水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 siRNA静默GPC3基因能促进肝癌细胞凋亡,其机理可能与上调caspase3有关。进而推测,GPC3基因可能成为肝癌靶向治疗的一个新靶点。     

细胞因子诱导杀伤（CIK）细胞的大容量扩增与杀伤活性观察

建立大容量细胞因子诱导杀伤(Cytokine-inducedkiller,CIK)细胞培养方法,观察CIK细胞回输后对患者细胞免疫功能的影响。采用1000ml培养袋大量扩增患者自体CIK细胞,用MTT法检测CIK细胞杀伤活性,比较回输前后患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMNC)对靶细胞的杀伤活性及其毒副作用。结果表明大容量培养法使自体CIK细胞扩增总量达1.6×1010以上,回输CIK细胞使患者PBMNC的杀伤活性明显增加,未出现毒副作用。因此CIK细胞大容量扩增方法在治疗肿瘤微小残留病变上有着良好的临床应用前景。     

Persephin基因转染对缺氧诱导的神经干细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨重组腺病毒介导Persephin基因治疗对缺氧状态下对神经干细胞凋亡的作用。方法:体外培养C17.2神经干细胞,建立神经干细胞缺氧模型;将携带人类Persephin基因的重组腺病毒感染C17.2神经干细胞;Western-blotting法分析Persephin蛋白的表达;TUNEL法检测凋亡指数,显微镜观察凋亡小体;流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率的变化。结果:转染pAdPersephin的C17.2神经干细胞成功表达Persephin蛋白;缺氧后神经干细胞凋亡指数为(25.54±4.30)%,而转染pAdPersephin后的细胞凋亡指数显著减少至(10.04±1.32)%(P<0.01),而转染pAdCMVPersephin Persephin反义寡核脱氧核酸细胞凋亡指数为(24.05±3.05)%,与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:腺病毒介导的Persephin基因能高效表达Persephin;外源性Persephin对C17.2神经干细胞具有抗凋亡作用,能够提高C17.2神经干细胞对缺氧的耐受性。     

人原代胃癌细胞中肿瘤干细胞的分化培养

BACKGROUND:There is a close relationship between tumor stem cells and tumor occurrence and recurrence, but there are still some disputes in the presence of tumor stem cells in all tumors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differentiation and culture of tumor stem cells in human primary gastric cancer cells. METHODS:Primary gastric cancer cells isolated from fresh gastric cancer tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and identified by immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. The CD44 expression of the cells was detected using immunofluorescence method. Magnetic activated cell sorting was used to isolate CD44⁺ gastric cancer cells that were then seeded subcutaneously behind the armpit of mice. Growth of implanted tumor cells was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human primary gastric cancer cells were isolated in serum-free medium. Compared with the routine culture group, the number of CD44⁺ cells (P < 0.05) and the tumor volume were significantly increased in the spheroid culture group. Furthermore, at 90 days after transplantation, the tumor volume of mice in spheroid culture group was significantly higher than that in the routine culture group. These experimental findings indicate that gastric cancer cells with certain tumorigenicity can be successfully isolated from gastric cancer cells using serum-free culture method and magnetic activated cell sorting method.     

姜黄素通过ATK/FoxM1信号通路调控胃癌干细胞增殖及凋亡

BACKGROUND:Curcumin has crucial inhibitory effects on various cancer cells and cancer stem cells. However, its effect on gastric cancer stem cells and the underlying mechanism of this effect are unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of curcumin on gastric cancer stem cells and the underlying mechanism. METHODS:Tumor sphere-forming assay and gastric cancer stem cell markers (EpCAM and CD44) were used to separate gastric cancer stem cells from gastric cancer SGC7901 cell lines. Effects of curcumin on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer stem cells were determined by MTT and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of FoxM1, p-AKT, and AKT. LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway, was used to determine the regulatory relationship between AKT and FoxM1 signaling pathways. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The EpCAM+/CD44+ gastric cancer stem cells were successfully isolated from SGC7901 cells. MTT assay showed that curcumin inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer stem cells, while flow cytometry analysis showed that curcumin induced apoptosis in gastric cancer stem cells. In addition, the expression levels of p-AKT and FoxM1 were decreased by curcumin treatment. After being treated by LY294002, the expression levels of p-AKT and FoxM1 were down-regulated markedly. In conclusion, curcumin can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in gastric cancer stem cells via the ATK/FoxM1 signaling pathway.     

miR-1231对结肠癌干细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that miR-1231 is down-regulated in colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs), but the effect of miR-1231 on CCSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of miR-1231 on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of CCSCs (CD133⁺CD44⁺). METHODS: CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells and CD133^-CD44^- cells were separated from SW1116 cells by immunomagnetic bead separation. The expression level of miR-1231 in CD133⁺CD44⁺ and CD133^-CD44^- cells was detected by qRT-PCR. miR-1231-overexpressing CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells were transfected with miR-1231 mimics or miR-control by lipofection transfection. The effects of miR-1231 on CD133⁺CD44⁺ cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were investigated by MTT, flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of Ki67, Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein in miR-1231-overexpressing CD133+CD44+ cells and control cells were detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:CD133⁺CD44⁺ and CD133^-CD44^- cells were obtained by the immunomagnetic bead separation. The expression level of miR-1231 in CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells was significantly lower than that in CD133^-CD44^- cells. miR-1231 suppressed CD133⁺CD44⁺ cell proliferation and invasion, but promoted the apoptosis in these cells. Western blot analysis showed that miR-1231-overexpressing CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells had obvious decreases in Ki67, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and a significant increase in Bax protein expression compared with control cells. All these results further confirm that miR-1231 inhibits the proliferation and invasion but promotes the apoptosis in CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells. These findings suggest that miR-1231 can be a suppressor of CCSCs, which offers a novel potential therapeutic target for CCSCs and colon cancer.     

胃癌干细胞表面标记物的研究与最新进展

背景:最近人们研究发现,肿瘤的复发与肿瘤干细胞密切相关。肿瘤干细胞理论为研究胃癌的发病机制以及诊治开辟了新的途径,确定的表型有利于锁定胃癌干细胞,这有助于探讨胃癌干细胞在自我更新和分化过程中的作用,并为治疗胃癌提供新思路,但其表型仍存在争议。目的:综述胃癌干细胞表面标志物的研究进展。方法:由第一作者分别以"Gastric Cancer Stem Cells"为英文关键词检索PubM ed英文数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed)中1965年1月至2015年10月的文献,共保留68篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:通过分析整理,传统上的肿瘤干细胞表型不适合于标记胃癌干细胞。研究发现CD90在胃癌原发性肿瘤中有表达,分离后经无血清肿瘤球培养法培养可获得肿瘤球。CD24的表达有助于提高胃癌细胞的黏附、侵袭、迁移能力。此外研究证实CD44及CD54共表达的细胞会大量出现在胃癌复发早期患者的体内而不是晚期,表达CD44及CD54的肿瘤细胞很可能是导致胃癌发生以及复发的重要原因。综上所述,CD44^+CD24^+CD90^+CD54^+很可能是胃癌干细胞的表型。     

胃癌干细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶的敏感性

背景：5-氟尿嘧啶是一种常用的胃癌化疗药物,但临床治疗过程中较易出现耐药现象,影响治疗效果。研究表明肿瘤干细胞对化疗药敏感性较低,可能是导致化疗耐药的重要原因。 目的：体外环境下分析胃癌干细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶的敏感性,了解胃癌化疗耐药相关机制。 方法：基于克隆形态的分选策略,从人胃癌AGS细胞系内分离胃癌干细胞克隆,采用免疫细胞化学染色分析不同克隆CD44和胸苷酸合成酶的表达,克隆形成实验评估不同类型克隆的自我更新能力,CCK-8法检测不同浓度5-氟尿嘧啶作用下人胃癌AGS细胞克隆生长抑制率。 结果与结论：人胃癌AGS细胞经低密度接种培养后,可形成32个不同形态的克隆,其中,副克隆、次克隆、全克隆所占比例分别为19%(6/32)、66%(21/32)、16%(5/32)。全克隆高表达CD44和胸苷酸合成酶,接种后可再次形成大量二代克隆;次克隆弱表达CD44和胸苷酸合成酶,接种后形成少量的二代克隆;副克隆不表达或弱表达CD44和胸苷酸合成酶,接种后未形成二代克隆。在不同浓度5-氟尿嘧啶的作用下,次克隆以及人胃癌AGS细胞的生长抑制率均显著高于全克隆(P均 < 0.05)。结果表明,在体外条件下,胃癌干细胞对5-氟尿嘧啶敏感性较低,推测其可能为临床化疗耐药的重要机制。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

沉默ABCE1基因电转染卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞对β-榄香烯乳的敏感性

BACKGROUND:It is likely to find that ABCE1 plays an important part in the occurrence and progression of cancers through in-depth study. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of ABCE1 silencing on the proliferation and sensitivity to β-eiemene of ovarian cancer stem cells via electrotransfection. METHODS:siRNA sequence of ABCE1 was designed and synthesized, and then was electrotransfection into ovarian cancer stem cells. Subsequently, expressions of ABCE1 mRNA and protein in ovarian cancer stem cells after ABCE1 silencing were detected by RT-PCR and western blot assay; the cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry; the sensitivity of ovarian cancer stem cells to β-eiemene after ABCE1 silencing was analyzed by MTT assay and colony-formation assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After ABCE1 silencing, expressions of ABCE1 mRNA and protein in ovarian cancer stem cells were significantly reduced. And the cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase, and the number of cells in S phase significantly decreased. Furthermore, the sensitivity of ovarian cancer stem cells to β-eiemene after ABCE1 silencing was significantly enhanced. In conclusion, ABCE1 silencing cannot only significantly inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer stem cells, but also enhance the sensitivity of cancer stem cells to β-eiemene.     

心脏干细胞对心肌细胞凋亡的保护机制

BACKGROUND:Myocardial apoptosis can lead to many kinds of heart diseases, but most of the conventional treatments cannot get desired effects. The emergence of cardiac stem cell related theory that subverts the previous view of myocardial cells provides a new idea for the treatment of a variety of heart diseases. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective mechanism of cardiac stem cells in myocardial apoptosis. METHODS:Cardiac stem cells were isolated from five neonatal rats. Another 20 Wistar rats were selected to make myocardial infarction models, and then model rats were equivalently randomized into observation and control groups. One day after modeling, rats in each group were given injection of cardiac stem cells or culture solution. Fourteen days after injection, myocardial apoptosis index was calculated and expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After continuous 3 days of culture, a completely spread growth in the cardiac tissues was visible, and a small amount of cells similar to fibrocytes climbed out from the cardiac tissue sample. These cells isolated using magnetic bead method were sub-cultured for 5 days, and found to be regrouped again. Compared with the control group, the apoptotic index, Fas and Fasl expression were significantly lower (P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 expression was significantly higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). All these findings show that cardiac stem cell transplantation can effectively regulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and inhibit the apoptosis of myocardial cells in rats with myocardial infarction.     

洛伐他汀对胶质瘤干细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence has shown that lovastatin with less toxicity to normal cells has crucial effects on proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of various cancer cells. However, its roles in glioma stem cells remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of lovastatin on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma stem cells. METHODS:Flow cytometric sorting was used to separate glioma stem cells from human glioblastoma cell line U87. Effects of lovastatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma stem cells were determined by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, expression levels of Ki67, Bax and Bcl-2 in glioma stem cells treated with lovastatin were detected using western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The CD133-positive glioma stem cells were sorted from human glioblastoma cell line U87 with a positive percentage of 85%. MTT assay showed that lovastatin inhibited the proliferation of glioma stem cells in dose (5, 10, 20 μmol/L)- and time (24, 48, 72, 96 hours)-dependent manners. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 10 μmol/L lovastatin (48 hours) induced apoptosis in glioma stem cells. In addition, the expression level of Ki67 was decreased by lovastatin treatment in a dose-dependent manner, and the Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels were reduced and increased by 10 μmol/L lovastatin treatment, respectively. In conclusion, lovastatin can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma stem cells, and lovastatin may be a potential drug for treatment of brain tumors.