An experimental study on mechanism of regurgitation of the intrabiliary endotoxin into the blood stream in obstructive jaundice]

Using adult mongrel dogs with or without obstructive jaundice (OJ) the significance of the biliary pressure and the route of regurgitation were investigated by intrabiliary injection of endotoxin (ET) (10 micrograms/kg) or saline (control group) under various intrabiliary pressure levels (not carried, 25cmH2O, 35cmH2O). Some of dogs were cannulated into the thoracic duct for the purpose of drainage of the hepatic lymph. The dogs with OJ, of which the common biliary duct had been ligated and resected for two weeks, had ET shock under lower intrabiliary pressure level (25cmH2O) than the dogs without OJ. The drainage of the hepatic lymph could not attenuate ET shock. The ET volume per minute and the total ET volume extracted from the thoracic duct lymph was not increased in the dogs with OJ compared with the control group, while they were significantly increased in the dogs without OJ in proportion to the intrabiliary pressure level. These results suggest that in OJ, ET shock is easily caused by regurgitation of the intrabiliary ET into the blood stream under lower intrabiliary pressure level, and the intrabiliary ET is mainly regurgitated by cholangio-venous reflux, while the cholangio-lymphatic pathway does not function for the route of regurgitation.     

胆汁转流性外引流术对恶性梗阻性黄疸血内毒素水平的影响

目的 :探讨外引流术体外转流胆汁对恶性梗阻性黄疸病人血内毒素水平的影响。方法 :对 14例肿瘤手术不能切除的恶性梗阻性黄疸病人行胆汁转流性外引流术 ,与同期施行的 15例内引流术、2 0例外引流术病人进行手术前后外周血内毒素水平比较。结果 :术前 3组内毒素水平差别无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。单纯外引流组手术后内毒素水平略高于术前 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;内引流组术后第 2天内毒素水平反而高于术前 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,第 7天、第 14天显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;体外转流组术后内毒素水平逐渐降低 ,与内引流术组变化基本相同。结论 :胆汁转流性外引流术可降低恶性梗阻性黄疸病人外周血内毒素水平。     

选择性胆管外引流在肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中的应用

目的 观察选择性胆管外引流在肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中的价值.方法 总结2000年1月至2008年1月收治的118例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料.结果 选择性胆管外引流后行手术治疗25例,其中右肝管引流12例,左肝管引流10例,左肝外叶胆管引流1例,右后叶胆管引流2例;腹腔广泛种植转移1例,左或右半肝及尾状叶切除22例,扩大左肝切除1例,扩大右肝切除1例;术后胆漏3例,肺部及腹腔感染各1例,围手术期肝功能衰竭死亡1例;其余24例病人术后随访3个月至5年,平均23个月,其中最长的1例已存活4年4个月.结论 选择性胆管外引流可以达到与全肝胆道外引流相似的改善肝功的目的 ,同时选择性胆管外引流也可以较安全的在肝门部胆管癌根治术予以应用.     

Evaluation of the effects of lymph drainage by a thoracic duct fistula in experimental peritonitis

Previous studies suggest that systemic endotoxemia in peritonitis is mainly related to lymphatic transport via the thoracic duct. Rats with fecal peritonitis but with or without a lymph draining thoracic duct fistula were studied with reference to the concentrations of endogenously produced endotoxin in arterial plasma, hemodynamic parameters, organ blood flow, blood corpuscle parameters, glucose and lactate metabolism and survival. Lymph drainage significantly reduced the endotoxin concentrations in arterial plasma, but did not totally prevent systemic endotoxemia, and was related to maintained total peripheral vascular resistance. On the other hand, peritonitic rats without lymph drainage, and consequently higher endotoxin concentrations, had a significant fall in vascular resistance combined with a compensatory rise in cardiac output. Lymph drainage also contributed to a smaller decrease of platelet and leucocyte counts while no effect was observed on glucose metabolism. Despite the effect of lymph drainage on hemodynamic and hematologic responses no effect on survival time was recorded.     

选择性胆管外引流在肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中的应用

目的 观察选择性胆管外引流在肝门部胆管癌根治性切除术中的价值.方法 总结2000年1月至2008年1月收治的118例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料.结果 选择性胆管外引流后行手术治疗25例,其中右肝管引流12例,左肝管引流10例,左肝外叶胆管引流1例,右后叶胆管引流2例;腹腔广泛种植转移1例,左或右半肝及尾状叶切除22例,扩大左肝切除1例,扩大右肝切除1例;术后胆漏3例,肺部及腹腔感染各1例,围手术期肝功能衰竭死亡1例;其余24例病人术后随访3个月至5年,平均23个月,其中最长的1例已存活4年4个月.结论 选择性胆管外引流可以达到与全肝胆道外引流相似的改善肝功的目的 ,同时选择性胆管外引流也可以较安全的在肝门部胆管癌根治术予以应用.     

‘Latent’ Portal Hypertension in Benign Biliary Obstruction

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in portal venous pressure in patients with benign biliary obstruction (BBO) but without overt clinical, endoscopic or radiological evidence of portal hypertension. Portal venous pressure was measured at laparotomy in 20 patients (10 each with either benign biliary stricture or choledocholithiasis) before and after biliary decompression. Pressure was found to be on the high side in seven patients (>25 cm of saline in three patients and > 30 cm of saline in four). The mean fall of pressure was 3.4 cm of saline after biliary decompression. No correlation could, however, be found between portal venous pressure and duration of biliary obstruction, serum bilirubin or bile duct pressure. Liver histology showed mild to moderate cholestatic changes but maintained portal architecture in all. Benign biliary obstruction may therefore, lead to elevation of portal pressure, even though the patient may not necessarily have any clinical, endoscopic or radiological manifestations of portal hypertension. The pathogenesis of this ‘latent’ portal hypertension is probably multifactorial. If biliary obstruction is left untreated the development of overt portal hypertension may become a possibility in the future.     

Abnormal drainage of the biliary tree after relief of long-standing extrahepatic biliary obstruction

To assess the progress of pathologic changes of the biliary tree and particularly their role on biliary drainage after the relief of long-standing extrahepatic biliary obstruction, 100 patients with postcholecystectomy choledocholithiasis who underwent choledochoduodenostomy as a supplementary procedure to choledochotomy were assessed by use of barium meal follow-through studies at different postoperative intervals. Patients were divided into two groups (50 patients each). Group A included patients over 50 years of age with a history of symptoms for more than 10 years. The additional criterion used for these patients was the finding of a common bile duct dilatation greater than 3 cm. In contrast, Group B included patients under the age of 50 years with a comparatively shorter history of symptoms (that is, less than 10 years) and with a common bile duct dilatation less than 3 cm. Results revealed that a major proportion of patients in the first group had no effective decompression of their ductal systems and that there existed a feature of biliary stasis associated with a higher incidence of both bile infection and pathologic changes of the biliary tree.     

不同胆汁引流方式对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响及机制

目的：探讨不同胆汁引流方式对梗阻性黄疸（OJ）大鼠肠黏膜功能的影响及其机制。 方法：将60只SD大鼠采用胆总管结扎法制作OJ模型,1周后随机均分为无引流组（不行胆汁引流术）,内引流组（行胆汁内引流术）和外引流组（行胆汁外引流术）,引流时间1周。以20只假手术大鼠为对照组,实验共2周,结束时分别用ELISA法和Western blot法检测各组血清内毒素水平和小肠黏膜组织闭锁蛋白（occludin）及闭锁小带蛋白1（ZO-1）的表达,并观察小肠黏膜组织形态学改变。 结果：大鼠造模后出现明显的OJ表现,二次手术后,内引流组大鼠一般情况明显好于无引流组和外引流组。无引流组和外引流组OJ大鼠血清内毒素水平明显升高,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,而无引流组与外引流组间内毒素水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;内引流组OJ大鼠血清内毒素水平较无引流组和外引流组明显下降（均P<0.01）,与对照组水平无统计学差异（P>0.05）。与对照组比较,无引流组和外引流组OJ大鼠小肠黏膜组织occludin及ZO-1蛋白表达均明显降低（均P<0.01）,且外引流组两者表达水平降低较无引流组更为明显（均P<0.01）;内引流组OJ大鼠的occludin及ZO-1的表达水平明显高于无引流组和外引流组（均P<0.01）,且基本接近对照组（均P>0.05）。病理学观察显示,无引流组和外引流组OJ大鼠肠黏膜结构破坏,大量或中量炎性细胞浸润,而内引流组OJ大鼠组肠黏膜结构完整,仅见少量炎性细胞浸润。 结论：胆汁内引流对OJ大鼠肠黏膜屏障具有保护作用,其机制可能与胆汁维持肠黏膜上皮细胞间紧密连接相关蛋白的表达有关。     

不同胆汁引流方式对梗阻性黄疸兔血清内毒素与免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨不同胆汁引流方式对梗阻性黄疸兔血清内毒素与免疫功能的影响。方法:将36只新西兰白兔随机均分为假手术组、外引流组、内引流组。外引流组与内引流组先建立可逆型梗阻性黄疸模型,7 d后解除梗阻,分别行胆汁外引流与内引流;假手术组按相同时间间隔行2次假手术。各组分别于造模前、造模后7 d、引流术后7 d采血,检测肝功能指标、血清内毒素水平、血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的比例。结果:假手术组各时间点各项指标均无明显变化(均P0.05);造模后7 d,外引流组与内引流组血清胆红素、转氨酶、内毒素水平均较造模前明显升高,血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例较造模前明显降低(均P0.05);行引流术7 d后,外引流组与内引流组肝功能指标、内毒素水平、CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例均较造模后7 d明显恢复,但内引流组后两项指标的恢复程度均明显优于外引流组(均P0.05)。结论:胆汁内引流较胆汁外引流更有利于梗阻性黄疸内毒素清除与机体免疫功能快速恢复。     

局部胆管内压大小及持续时间对犬胆管壁的影响

目的探讨局部胆管内压大小及持续时间对犬胆管壁的影响。方法设计并自制一内置入式胆管扩张器,体外测试扩张气囊内压力与注水容积及囊径的关系。将20只杂交犬随机分为五组,A组为假手术组仅在胆总管内放置胆管扩张器;B、C组分别向扩张气囊内注水0.1ml、0.2ml（球囊压力分别为0.24Kpa、0.58Kpa）扩张胆总管10min后抽空气囊并留置胆管扩张器作胆汁引流;D、E组分别向扩张气囊内注水0.1ml、0.2ml扩张胆总管后,不抽空气囊并留置作胆汁引流。各组分别术后7天再次剖腹。观察各组扩张前后血清总胆红素（TB）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）值及胆管直径（BD）变化、胆管壁及肝组织学改变。结果与A组比较,C组扩张后BD增宽（P〈0.05）。D组扩张后BD显著增宽（P〈0.01）,E组扩张后TB、ALT、AST均增高（P〈0.01）。A、B组胆管壁组织学无明显变化,C组胆管壁粘膜充血水肿,部分粘膜脱落,D组胆管直径增粗及胆管壁增厚,E组胆管壁部分坏死,与网膜或十二指肠粘连。结论局部胆管内压大小及持续时间对犬胆管壁的影响存在双向互变关系,正常胆管壁在一定的时间内可承受一定的局部胆管内压而不致发生胆管壁的病理变化,适宜的局部胆管内压可引起局部胆管及其上游胆管壁扩张,反之,胆管壁可出现破坏性改变。     

经鼻胆管冲洗胆道+灌注高浓度抗生素治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎

目的：探讨B超监视下经内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD),用生理盐水冲洗胆道+局部灌注高浓度抗生素,治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的疗效及安全性。方法：对22例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的患者,采取B超监视下行ENBD术、术后经鼻胆管行胆道冲洗及灌注高浓度抗生素为主的非手术综合治疗,对比患者治疗前后的血清总胆红素水平、肝功能、胆总管内径变化,并对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组22例患者除1例因壶腹癌行保守治疗外,其余21例内镜下鼻胆管引流术成功,胆汁引流通畅,经胆道冲洗+灌注高浓度抗生素治疗后治愈。结论：急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎在B超监视下行ENBD术较X监视行ENBD术,胰腺炎并发症发生率降低。经鼻胆管用生理盐水冲洗胆道+局部灌注高浓度抗生素为主的综合治疗是有效的、安全的。     

原位肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄的介入治疗

目的 总结经皮介入技术治疗原位肝移植(OLT)术后胆管吻合口狭窄的经验.方法 回顾性分析2004年5月至2009年12月间25例OLT术后胆管吻合口狭窄患者的资料.其中22例行胆道外引流,3例第2次肝移植者行内外引流.25例的治疗方式包括单纯经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTBD)4例,PTBD配合球囊扩张术14例,PTBD配合胆道支架置入术7例(胆道内涵管5例,胆道金属支架2例).结果 PTBD手术成功率为100%,25例经介入治疗后15例(60%)治愈,10例(40%)好转,有效率达100%.7例首次行PTBD时引流管未能通过胆管狭窄段,其中3例于引流1周后再次调整引流管,成功通过狭窄段,余4例于引流术后4～8周时胆管狭窄段完全闭塞.引流期间发生胆道感染6例(24%),患者均未出现严重手术相关并发症.结论 经皮介入技术是治疗OLT术后胆管吻合口狭窄的一种安全、有效的方法.首次PTBD或PTBD后应短期内使引流管尽可能通过狭窄段,以免狭窄处永久闭塞.

Abstract：

Objective To describe the technique, efficacy, and safety of percutaneous interventional therapy for anastomotic biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods From May 2004 to December 2009, 25 patients with anastomotic biliary strictures afte OLT were enrolled in our study. The modalities of biliary drainage included external drainage in 22patients, and external-internal drainage in 3 patients who underwent re-transplantation. All patients accepted percutaneous interventional therapy in our hospital, including single PTBD in 4 patients,PTBD combined with balloon dilation in 14 patients, balloon dilation and plastic stent implantation in 5 patients, balloon dilation and metallic stent implantation in 2 patients. The drainage catheters were exchanged every 1 to 3 months. Results The success rate of PTBD was 100%. Of the all 25patients, 15 (60 %) patients were cured, and 10 (40 %) patients were improved. The effective rate was 100 %. The drainage catheters failed to pass through the narrow bile duct when initial PTBD in 7 patients, and success was achieved in 3 patients by operation again after biliary drainage for one week.In the other 4 patients, anastomotic bile ducts were occluded, which was confirmed by cholangiography after biliary drainage for 4 to 8 weeks. The rate of biliary tract infection was 24 % (6/25). No serious procedure-related complications occurred in the all 25 patients. Conclusion PTBD combined with balloon dilation and biliary stenting is a effective and safe therapeutic modality for anastomotic biliary strictures after OLT, which can improve the patients' clinical symptoms and elevate patients' quality of life. To avoid bile duct occlusion, the drainage catheters should be passed through the narrow segments of bile duct when initial PTBD.     

急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的探讨急诊腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis，ABP）可行性及疗效。方法2001年5月～2005年12月对87例ABP行急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）；对胆总管结石和（或）胆总管增宽者，行腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE）并置T管引流。结果手术成功75例，其中单纯LC 20例，LC联合LCBDE 55例（49例同时行胰腺被膜切开、腹腔置管灌洗引流术）；中转开腹手术12例。87例随访3～58个月，平均28．2月，无手术并发症和（或）胰腺炎及胆总管结石复发。结论急诊腹腔镜手术治疗ABP安全可行，疗效明确。     

Internal biliary drainage improves decreased number of gut mucosal T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1 expression in jaundiced rats

BACKGROUND: Although the effect of preoperative biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice is controversial, bacterial or endotoxin translocation is one of the main postoperative problem in jaundiced patients. Failure in gut barrier functions causes bacterial translocation; homing and distribution of T lymphocytes in the intestinal lamina propria are important for gut mucosal immune defense. This study was performed to examine whether bile regulates the numbers of T lymphocyte subsets or the expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in experimental jaundice in rats with and without external and internal biliary drainage. METHODS: Four groups of Wistar rats were used: those that received a sham operation (SHAM), common bile duct ligation (CBDL), CBDL followed by external drainage (ED), and CBDL followed by internal drainage (ID). Numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1-positive cells in the lamina propria were counted immunohistochemically in the specimens of jejunum and ileum of each group. Bacterial translocation was examined by culturing from the mesenteric lymph node complex isolated from rats in each group. RESULTS: A significant decrease in numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1-positive cells in the lamina propria was seen in obstructive jaundice, although numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased in comparison with the sham-operated control. The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1 expression in the lamina propria did not recover to a normal level after external drainage, but did so after internal drainage. Frequencies of bacterial translocation were high in the CBDL and ED group. In contrast, bacterial translocation was not present in any animals in the SHAM group and was at a low percentage in the ID group. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the number of T lymphocytes and MAdCAM-1 expression are associated with the presence of bile in the gastrointestinal tract and are inversely correlated with the frequency of bacterial translocation induced by CBD ligation. MAdCAM-1 expression maintained by the presence of bile may regulate T-lymphocyte homing to the lamina propria in obstructive jaundice.     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管取石及胆囊管内置管(C管)在胆道外科中的应用

目的:对比研究腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术与腹腔镜下经胆囊管取石术,胆囊管置管(C管)在胆道外科中的应用。方法:回顾调查1995年10月至2004年12月术前经影像学证实为胆总管结石的89例患者。结果:腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石T管引流35例,术后残留结石2例,胆漏4例,放置T管(24±5.6)d。经胆囊管取石C管引流39例,术后残留结石2例,无胆漏,C管放置(8±4.5)d,与T管引流组差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:腹腔镜下经胆囊管取石是值得推荐的方法。经胆囊管路径,不仅可用胆总管取石后的引流,且可在胆道外科诸方面发挥作用。     

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目的　探讨胆道手术后发生胆漏的原因及其预防与治疗方法。方法　对浙江省平湖市中医院 1994~2003年间胆道术后发生胆漏的 28例临床资料作回顾性分析。结果　术后发生胆漏的原因为肝床毛细胆管或细小副肝管损伤 15例,胆总管癌切开探查后胆漏 1例,胆囊管残端漏 1例,T管早期滑脱或拔T管后胆漏 10例,T管引流术后护理不当 1例。保守治疗 21例(75% ),再手术 7例 (25% ),除 1例胆管癌晚期自动出院外其余均痊愈出院。结论　胆漏多发生于胆囊切除术、胆道手术及拔T管后,主要原因与肝床毛细胆管或细小副肝管损伤、局部炎症和操作不当等有关。胆漏发生后应根据腹膜炎的轻重,有无胆道梗阻以及腹腔引流是否通畅等选择保守治疗或再手术治疗。     

梗阻性黄疸-选择性胆管外引流大鼠模型的建立

目的建立梗阻性黄疸-选择性胆管外引流（约占30%肝脏体积）动物模型,了解其对胆汁分泌及肝功能改善的影响,为肝门部胆管癌减黄实验及临床研究提供参考。方法采用结扎切断SD大鼠左中叶肝胆管及胆总管预制外引流管10d的方法,制作大鼠选择性胆管外引流模型,在引流的0、1、4、7、10、14d收集胆汁及检测肝功。结果成功建立了大鼠完全梗阻性黄疸部分肝脏外引流的模型并观测到其对胆汁分泌及肝功能改善的影响。结论与梗阻性黄疸全肝外引流模型相比,梗阻性黄疸约30%肝脏外引流能够改善肝功能,而且可以增加预保留肝的功能代偿。     

Safety of duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in right-lobe live-donor liver transplantation without biliary drainage

BACKGROUND: Duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction is frequently used in right-lobe live-donor liver transplantation (RLDLT), and routine biliary drainage has been recommended. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and operative outcomes of duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction after RLDLT without biliary drainage. METHODS: The study comprised 41 RLDLT recipients who had duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction. During donor and recipient operations, precautions were taken to preserve blood supply to the bile duct. Biliary anastomosis was performed with fine Prolene sutures without stents or drainage tubes. The operative outcomes were prospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The median postoperative intensive care unit and hospital stay were 3 days (range, 1-47 days) and 19 days (range, 8-114 days), respectively. There was no hospital mortality. At a median follow-up of 13.3 months (range, 4.0-26.8 months), the graft and patient survival rates were 95% and 98%, respectively. Three (7%) patients had biliary leakage. These three patients and the other seven patients developed late biliary stricture. The overall biliary complication rate was 24%. On multivariate analysis, preoperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of greater than or equal to 35 was the risk factor associated with biliary complication (P =0.032; risk ratio, 4.58). CONCLUSIONS: Duct-to-duct anastomosis without biliary drainage is safe in RLDLT. Patients with a high preoperative MELD score were associated with an increased incidence of biliary complications. Further studies are required to investigate the hemodynamic changes and modulation of blood flow of liver grafts in patients with chronic liver disease, which may significantly affect the incidence of biliary complications.     

活体肝移植术后胆管并发症的处理与预防

目的 探讨活体肝移植术后胆管并发症的防治.方法 84例活体肝移植,成人56例.小儿28例;良性终末期肝病66例,肝细胞肝癌18例.供受体胆管端端吻合重建50例,供体肝管与受体肝管端端和胆总管端侧吻合重建1例,供体肝管与受体肝管和胆囊管吻合1例,供体胆管与受体空肠Roux-en-Y吻合重建32例,所有胆管莺建后均置入4Fr或6Fr内支架管从受体胆总管前壁或空肠袢肓端侧肠壁引出体外.结果 术后发生胆管并发症24例,发生率为28.5%,胆管胆管吻合与肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合胆漏发牛率差异显著(8.3%νs16.7%,P＜0.05).胆管胆管吻合与肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合胆管狭窄发生率差异显著(50%νs 16.7%,P＜0.05).单支胆管与多支胆管发生胆管并发症差异湿著(20.8%νs 79.2%,P＜0.05).胆漏者保守治疗治愈4例,再次手术治疗治愈4例;胆管狭窄内镜下球囊扩张和鼻胆管引流治疗治愈4例,好转2例,再次手术胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合治疗治愈6例,经皮肝脏穿刺胆管狭窄球囊扩张治疗支架管引流治疗好转4例.该组资料无因胆管并发症死亡病例.结论 良好的胆管血供和吻合技术,选择恰当的胆管重建方式,是降低活体肝移植术后胆管并发症的重要措施.     

犬胆管壁的应力-应变性扩张构建宽口径胆管的实验研究

目的 探索短期内以持续渐增的局部胆管内压构建局部宽口径胆管的可行性及形态特征.方法 杂交犬12只随机分配到A、B两组中,A组仅在胆总管内放置胆管扩张器作胆汁外引流,B组在胆总管内放置胆管扩张器引流并分别在手术后的第1、8、15、22天向扩张球囊注水,注水容积分别为0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25 ml,扩张球囊以渐增的压力持续扩张1个月.观察两组手术前后血清总胆红素(TB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及胆管直径(BDD)、胆管壁及肝组织学病理变化、术后X线胆道造影检查.结果 A、B两组扩张前后及组间比较在TB、ALT、AST及肝组织学方面差异不明显;BDD在A、B两组扩张前后及组间比较差异明显;B组胆管壁增厚,管腔增粗,管壁柔韧性好,肝外胆管以扩张处为中心向邻近胆管方向扩张,胆管壁特殊染色示胶原及弹力纤维排列致密,无断裂.结论 以持续渐增的局部胆管内压扩张局部胆管,构建的胆管管壁厚,管腔粗,胆管壁胶原及弹力纤维排列致密.扩张的局部胆管为犬胆管损伤早期胆肠重建及制备宽大的胆肠吻合口创造了条件.