Increased nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation in migraineurs without aura in the interictal period

Purpose

Migraine is associated with vascular disorders, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) sensitivity is believed to play a major role in migraine pathophysiology. We investigated flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilatation (NMD) of the brachial artery by means of a key molecular mediator, NO, in patients with migraine without aura in the interictal period whether the abnormality is found.

Methods

A total of 12 patients with migraine without aura and 12 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. FMD and NMD were measured in all patients and controls using brachial artery ultrasonography.

Results

There was no significant difference in brachial artery diameter between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs (3.39?±?0.68 vs 3.89?±?0.67 mm, respectively; p?=?0.083). A significant difference in FMD was not found between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs (6.94?±?5.72 vs 6.08?±?2.98%, respectively; p?=?0.651). However, NMD in migraineurs was significant higher than that in nonmigraineurs (21.56?±?7.36 vs 14.23?±?7.41%, respectively; p?=?0.024).

Conclusion

We think that patients with migraine without aura in the interictal period have selective sensitivity in dilator response to nitroglycerin and may have systemic NO sensitivity.

     

Functional connectivity of the visual cortex differentiates anxiety comorbidity from episodic migraineurs without aura

BackgroundMigraine is a common neurological disease that is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities. However, the relationship between abnormal brain function and psychiatric comorbidities in migraine patients remains largely unclear. Therefore, the present study sought to explore the correlations between the resting-state functional deficits and psychiatric comorbidities in migraine without aura (MwoA) patients.MethodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained. In addition, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values were obtained. Thereafter regional abnormalities in MwoA patients with and without anxiety (MwoA-A and MwoA-OA) were chosen as seeds to conduct functional connectivity (FC) analysis.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls (HCs), the MwoA-A and MwoA-OA patients had abnormal ALFF and ReHo values in the right lingual gyrus (LG). They also had abnormal FC of the right LG with the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Additionally, the MwoA-A patients showed higher ReHo values in the left posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS) and abnormal FC of the right LG with ipsilateral pIPS and primary visual cortex, compared to the MwoA-OA patients. Moreover, the MwoA-OA patients showed an increase in the FC with the right posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCUN), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) relative to the HCs. Furthermore, the ALFF values of the right LG positively were correlated with anxiety scores in MwoA-A patients. The abnormal LG-related FCs with the PCC/PCUN, MFG and ITG were negatively associated with the frequency of headaches in MwoA-OA patients.ConclusionsThis study identified abnormal visual FC along with other core networks differentiating anxiety comorbidity from MwoA. This may therefore enhance the understanding of the neuropsychological basis of psychiatric comorbidities and provide novel insights that may help in the discovery of new marks or even treatment targets.     

视神经脊髓炎患者默认网络及额顶网络功能连接的研究

目的采用独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)方法分析静息态功能磁共振成像(resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,rsf MRI)数据,观察视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optica,NMO)患者大脑默认网络(default mode network,DMN)及额顶网络(frontoparietal network,FPN)功能连接的异常以及与临床评分的相关性。材料与方法对我院20例NMO患者(NMO组)及20名健康对照者(正常对照组)行静息态f MRI扫描,所得数据利用DPARSFA软件预处理,然后利用GIFT软件行ICA分析,并用SPM8比较两组默认网络及额顶网络功能连接的差异,同时分析有差异脑区的时间序列信号与临床扩展残疾状态量表评分及病程的相关性。结果与对照组比较,NMO组DMN功能连接增强的脑区包括双侧舌回,延伸到右侧顶上小叶及左侧辅助运动区;功能连接减弱的脑区包括右侧额中回及右侧枕中回;NMO组FPN功能连接减弱的脑区为双侧楔叶,无功能连接增强的脑区。右侧舌回与病程呈正相关(r=0.682,P0.05)。结论 NMO患者静息态DMN、FPN均存在功能连接异常,提示患者的脊髓及视神经病变不仅引起患者相应的临床症状,局部结构损伤所致的功能改变也不仅仅局限于病变对应的区域,脑功能网络是一个复杂的互相关联的网络,存在损伤与代偿的复杂过程。     

White matter microstructure underlying default mode network connectivity in the human brain

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals a distinct network of correlated brain function representing a default mode state of the human brain. The underlying structural basis of this functional connectivity pattern is still widely unexplored. We combined fractional anisotropy measures of fiber tract integrity derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting state fMRI data obtained at 3 Tesla from 20 healthy elderly subjects (56 to 83 years of age) to determine white matter microstructure underlying default mode connectivity. We hypothesized that the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate and hippocampus from resting state fMRI data would be associated with the white matter microstructure in the cingulate bundle and fiber tracts connecting posterior cingulate gyrus with lateral temporal lobes, medial temporal lobes, and precuneus. This was demonstrated at the p < 0.001 level using a voxel-based multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) approach. In addition, we used a data-driven technique of joint independent component analysis (ICA) that uncovers spatial pattern that are linked across modalities. It revealed a pattern of white matter tracts including cingulate bundle and associated fiber tracts resembling the findings from the hypothesis-driven analysis and was linked to the pattern of default mode network (DMN) connectivity in the resting state fMRI data. Our findings support the notion that the functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate and hippocampus and the functional connectivity across the entire DMN is based on distinct pattern of anatomical connectivity within the cerebral white matter.     

Color Doppler sonography of orbital and vertebral arteries in migraineurs without aura

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the retrobulbar hemodynamics in the ophthalmic (OA), posterior ciliary (PCA), central retinal (CRA), and vertebral (VA) arteries are affected in migraineurs without aura. METHODS: The eyes of migraineurs without aura and those of healthy control subjects were evaluated during both headache and headache-free periods. Retrobulbar and vertebral blood flow velocities in the OA, PCA, CRA, and the extracranial part of the VA were measured bilaterally using color Doppler sonography. The peak systolic and end-diastolic flow velocities and the pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices were determined for all arteries. RESULTS: In total, we enrolled 30 migraineurs and 31 healthy control subjects. Statistically significant differences between headache-free migraineurs and control subjects were observed in the PI and RI of both right and left PCAs and in the RI of both right and left CRAs. The PI and RI of the left VA of the migraineurs were significantly lower during both headache and headache-free periods than were those of the control subjects. Among the migraineurs, the peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities of the left VA were increased during headache periods relative to those found during the headache-free periods. CONCLUSIONS: The retrobulbar circulation and flow hemodynamics in the left VA may be altered in both headache and headache-free periods in migraineurs without aura. The differences found between migraineurs and control subjects may implicate autonomic dysfunction in migraineurs.     

Sleep deprivation reduces default mode network connectivity and anti-correlation during rest and task performance

Sleep deprivation (SD) can alter extrinsic, task-related fMRI signal involved in attention, memory and executive function. However, its effects on intrinsic low-frequency connectivity within the Default Mode Network (DMN) and its related anti-correlated network (ACN) have not been well characterized. We investigated the effect of SD on functional connectivity within the DMN, and on DMN-ACN anti-correlation, both during the resting state and during performance of a visual attention task (VAT). 26 healthy participants underwent fMRI twice: once after a normal night of sleep in rested wakefulness (RW) and once following approximately 24 h of total SD. A seed-based approach was used to examine pairwise correlations of low-frequency fMRI signal across different nodes in each state. SD was associated with significant selective reductions in DMN functional connectivity and DMN-ACN anti-correlation. This was congruent across resting state and VAT analyses, suggesting that SD induces a robust alteration in the intrinsic connectivity within and between these networks.     

EEG default mode network in the human brain: spectral regional field powers

Eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) are essential behaviors in mammalians, including man. At resting EC-EO state, brain activity in the default mode devoid of task-demand has recently been established in fMRI. However, the corresponding comprehensive electrophysiological conditions are little known even though EEG has been recorded in humans for nearly 80 years. In this study, we examined the spatial characteristics of spectral distribution in EEG field powers, i.e., sitting quietly with an EC and EO resting state of 3 min each, measured with high-density 128-ch EEG recording and FFT signal analyses in 15 right-handed healthy college females. Region of interest was set at a threshold at 90% of the spectral effective value to delimit the dominant spatial field power of effective energy in brain activity. Low-frequency delta (0.5-3.5 Hz) EEG field power was distributed at the prefrontal area with great expansion of spatial field and enhancement of field power (t=-2.72, p<0.02) from the EC to the EO state. Theta (4-7 Hz) EEG field power was distributed over the fronto-central area and leaned forward from EC to the EO state but with drastic reduction in field power (t=4.04, p<0.01). The middle-frequency alpha-1 (7.5-9.5 Hz) and alpha-2 (10-12 Hz) EEG powers exhibited bilateral distribution over the posterior areas with an anterior field in lower alpha-1. Both showed significantly reduction of field powers (respectively, W=120, p<0.001 for alpha-1; t=4.12, p<0.001 for alpha-2) from EC to the EO state. Beta-1 (13-23 Hz) exhibited a similar spatial region over the posterior area as in alpha-2 and showed reduction of field power (t=4.42, p<0.001) from EC to the EO state. In contrast, high-frequency beta-2 and gamma band exhibited similar, mainly prefrontal distribution in field power, and exhibited no change from EC to the EO state. Corresponding correlation analyses indicated significant group association between EC and EO only in the field powers of delta (r=0.95, p<0.001) and theta (r=0.77, p<0.001) band. In addition, the great inter-individual variability (90 folds in alpha-1, 62 folds in alpha-2) in regional field power was largely observed in the EC state (10 folds) than the EO state in subjects. To summarize, our study depicts a network of spectral EEG activities simultaneously operative at well defined regional fields in the EC state, varying specifically between EC and EO states. In contrast to transient EEG spectral rhythmic dynamics, current study of long-lasting (e.g. 3 min) spectral field powers can characterize state features in EEG. The EEG default mode network (EEG-DMN) of spectral field powers at rest in the respective EC or EO state is valued to serve as the basal electrophysiological condition in human brain. In health, this EEG-DMN is deemed essential for evaluation of brain functions without task demands for gender difference, developmental change in age span, and brain response to task activation. It is expected to define brain dysfunction in disease at resting state and with consequences for sensory, affective and cognitive alteration in the human brain.     

遗忘型轻度认知障碍患者默认网络改变:基于后扣带回的脑连接研究

目的 探讨遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)患者后扣带回(PCC)功能连接的变化。 方法 选取性别、年龄和教育程度相匹配的18例aMCI患者(aMCI组)和20名健康老年人(健康老年组)进行GRE-EPI序列的静息状态fMRI检查,以PCC作为种子点,与全脑其他区域进行基于体素的时间序列相关分析。 结果 aMCI组与PCC有显著连接的脑区包括双侧背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)、左侧内侧前额叶(MPFC)及左侧前扣带回(ACC)、双侧顶下小叶(IPL)、双侧颞中回和双侧楔前叶。健康老年组与PCC有显著连接的脑区包括双侧DLPFC、右侧MPFC及ACC、双侧IPL、双侧颞中回、双侧颞下回和双侧楔前叶。健康老年组较aMCI组在右侧额上回、额中回、额下回的盖部及三角部、MPFC及ACC、颞中回及左侧楔前叶连接增强;aMCI组多个脑区功能连接较健康老年组增强,主要包括左侧半球的扣带回中部、顶上小叶(SPL)、IPL、颞中回及右侧IPL。 结论 PCC是aMCI患者脑代谢最先降低的区域,aMCI的PCC与多个功能区的连接破坏是其情节记忆功能减退的生物学基础,而其连接增强提示功能代偿可能。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者默认网络功能连接及拓扑属性异常

目的 观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患者脑默认网络（DMN）内部各亚区的功能连接（FC）及拓扑属性的异常改变。方法 采集40例男性重度OSA患者（OSA组）和43名睡眠正常的男性志愿者（对照组）的静息态fMRI数据,以20个DMN亚区为种子点构建DMN的FC网络,获得OSA患者DMN各亚区间FC异常的脑区。计算拓扑属性参数小世界指数（σ）、网络全局效率（E_glob）和网络局部效率（E_loc）,并评估与临床资料的相关性。结果 OSA组和对照组DMN均存在小世界属性。与对照组比较,OSA组前—后DMN、后DMN内部FC减低（P均<0.05）,E_loc减低（P=0.02）。OSA组DMN异常的FC与E_glob值（r=-0.736,P<0.001）、蒙特利尔认知（MoCA）量表评分（r=-0.453,P=0.006）呈负相关。结论 OSA患者DMN内部各亚区功能连接受损,且DMN拓扑属性异常改变,可能是其认知、记忆等功能障碍的神经影像学机制。     

重型抑郁障碍患者默认网络静态与动态功能连接变化

目的 基于静息态功能MRI(rs-fMRI)观察重型抑郁障碍(MDD)患者默认网络(DMN)静态与动态功能连接变化。方法 回顾性分析55例MDD患者(MDD组)及35名健康体检者(对照组)头颅高分辨率结构图像及rs-fMRI;以Matlab平台CONN工具箱进行图像预处理及独立成分分析(ICA)以提取DMN;比较组间DMN与全脑静态与动态功能连接变化;采用Pearson相关性分析观察MDD组与对照组存在差异脑区DMN与汉密尔顿抑郁量表-24项(HAMD-24)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及韦氏智力测验评分的相关性。结果 相比对照组,MDD组DMN与丘脑、楔前叶及中央前回静态功能连接均减弱(P均＜0.05);MDD组DMN与丘脑功能连接强度与HAMD-24评分呈低度负相关(r=－0.333,P=0.014)。相比对照组,MDD组DMN内侧前额叶皮层、左/右外侧顶叶与伏隔核,以及左外侧顶叶、后扣带回与丘脑动态功能连接均减弱。MDD组DMN内侧前额叶皮层-伏隔核、后扣带回-丘脑动态功能连接强度与HAMD-24评分呈低度正相关(r=0.313,P=0.019;r=0.311,P=0.021)。结论 MDD患者DMN与局部脑区存在静态与动态连接异常,部分与抑郁症严重程度相关。     

Interictal executive dysfunction in migraineurs without aura: relationship with duration and intensity of attacks

Subjects with migraine are at increased risk of subcortical white matter lesions (WML). Reports of cognitive testing in adults with migraine have yielded inconsistent results. We performed a cross-sectional study to assess whether migraine without aura (MwA) is associated with impairment in executive functioning, a typical cognitive correlate of subcortical WML. Forty-five subjects with MwA and 90 controls, matched for age and education, underwent a cognitive battery of tests evaluating executive functions. The following migraine characteristics were collected: age at onset and length of migraine history, and frequency, duration and intensity of attacks. Subjects with MwA performed significantly lower than controls in tests evaluating complex, multifactorial executive functions. After multiple adjustments, the duration and intensity of migraine attacks significantly predicted cognitive disturbances. In the interictal phase of MwA there is evidence of mild executive dysfunction. The cumulative effects of repeated migraine attacks on prefronto-cerebellar loop probably account for our results.     

酒精成瘾者静息态缺省模式网络fMRI

目的 应用静息态fMRI观察酒精成瘾者缺省模式网络（DMN）改变。方法 对30例酒精成瘾者（酒精成瘾组）及30名性别、年龄、受教育程度及尼古丁依赖程度相匹配的健康志愿者（对照组）进行静息态fMRI扫描,采取独立成分分析方法提取DMN,对两组DMN进行统计分析。结果 相对于对照组,酒精成瘾组DMN在右楔前叶、左小脑脚Ⅱ区功能连接减低,而在左后扣带回、右颞中回、右颞上回及右楔前叶区域功能连接增强。结论 酒精成瘾者DMN功能异常。静息态功能MR成像揭示酒精成瘾复杂神经机制具有一定的价值。     

Modulating the default mode network using hypnosis

Debate regarding the neural basis of the hypnotic state continues, but a recent hypothesis suggests that it may produce alterations in the default mode network (DMN). DMN describes a network of brain regions more active during low-demand compared to high-demand task conditions and has been linked to processes such as task-independent thinking, episodic memory, semantic processing, and self-awareness. However, the experiential and cognitive correlates of DMN remain difficult to investigate directly. Using hypnosis as a means of altering the resting ("default") state in conjunction with subjective measures and brain imaging, the authors found that the state of attentional absorption following a hypnotic induction was associated with reduced activity in DMN and increased activity in prefrontal attentional systems, under invariant conditions of passive visual stimulation. The findings that hypnosis and spontaneous conceptual thought at rest were subjectively and neurally distinctive are also relevant to understanding hypnosis itself.     

静息态功能MRI观察首发轻-中度抑郁症患者默认网络功能连接北大核心CSCD

目的采用静息态功能MRI(rs-fMRI)观察首发轻-中度抑郁症患者默认网络(DMN)功能特点,探讨功能连接异常脑区与临床表现等的相关性。方法采集24例首发轻-中度抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)和22名健康人(对照组)的颅脑rs-fMRI数据。以内侧前额叶皮质(mPFC)及后扣带回皮质(PCC)为种子点,行全脑功能连接分析。采用Pearson相关性分析评价抑郁症组差异脑区功能连接与17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)总评分及病程的相关性。结果相比对照组,抑郁症组mPFC与双侧小脑后叶、右侧前扣带回、右侧额下回眶部及左侧楔前叶功能连接减弱(K均>54,P均<0.05),与右侧额下回岛盖部功能连接增强(K>54,P<0.05);抑郁症组PCC与双侧额中回眶部、双侧壳核及左侧额上回背外侧功能连接减弱(K均>54,P均<0.05),与左侧颞中回、双侧角回及右侧楔前叶功能连接增强(K均>54,P均<0.05)。抑郁症患者mPFC与左侧楔前叶间功能连接减弱、PCC与左侧额中回眶部功能连接减弱均与病程呈负相关(r=-0.42、-0.46,P均<0.05);mPFC与右侧前扣带回功能连接减弱与病程呈正相关(r=0.49,P<0.05);功能连接异常脑区均与HAMD-17评分无显著相关(P均>0.05)。结论首发轻-中度抑郁症患者存在DMN内、外脑区功能连接异常,其中部分与病程相关。     

局灶性癫痫缺省模式改变的功能连接磁共振成像研究

目的评价局灶性癫痫患者缺省模式网络(DMN)的异常改变。方法选取33例局灶性癫痫患者的静息功能磁共振成像数据,根据致痫病灶与缺省模式脑区的关系,分为两组:位于DMN脑区的10例,位于与DMN相反的外在系统脑区23例。以癫痫灶为种子点,采用基于回归模型的功能连接算法进行全脑的相关计算,观察DMN。以一组年龄、性别配比的正常人作为对照研究。结果癫痫灶位于DMN脑区内的10例患者,其中7例癫痫灶与DMN脑区表现为相位上的负相关,1例与DMN脑区部分负相关,2例呈正相关但连接度较对照显著减低。另外一组23例患者中,18例致痫灶与DMN脑区负相关,但相比正常人连接度降低,2例正相关,3例部分负相关。结论致痫灶持续痫电发放干扰了正常的DMN,这一现象在局灶性癫痫普遍存在。     

MTHFR T677 homozygosis influences the presence of aura in migraineurs

It has been suggested that folate metabolism could be involved in migraine pathogenesis. We analysed the 5',10'-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypic distribution in a large migraine sample. We genotyped 230 migraine patients (152 migraine without aura (MO) and 78 migraine with aura (MA)) and 204 nonheadache controls. The incidence of TT homozygosis for migraine in general (12%), MO (9%) and MA (18%) did not significantly differ from that found in healthy controls (13%). Differences were significant when the frequency of TT homozygosis between MA and MO (P = 0.03, OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.04-5.26) was compared. There was a tendency for a higher frequency of the MTHFR T allele in the MA group (42%) as compared to MO (29%) and controls (36%). These differences were significant only in the case of MA vs. MO (P = 0.006, OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15-2.65). These results could indicate that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, causing mild hyperhomocystinaemia, might be a genetic risk factor for experiencing aura among migraineurs. Overall, however, there was no association between migraine and the C677T MTHFR polymorphism.     

Pain-free default mode network connectivity contributes to tonic experimental pain intensity beyond the role of negative mood and other pain-related factors

Background

Alterations in the default mode network (DMN) connectivity across pain stages suggest a possible DMN involvement in the transition to persistent pain.

Aim

This study examined whether pain-free DMN connectivity at lower alpha oscillations (8-10 Hz) accounts for a unique variation in experimental peak pain intensity beyond the contribution of factors known to influence pain intensity.

Methods

Pain-free DMN connectivity was measured with electroencephalography prior to 1 h of capsaicin-evoked pain using a topical capsaicin patch on the right forearm. Pain intensity was assessed on a (0–10) numerical rating scale and the association between peak pain intensity and baseline measurements was examined using hierarchical multiple regression in 52 healthy volunteers (26 women). The baseline measurements consisted of catastrophizing (helplessness, rumination, magnification), vigilance, depression, negative and positive affect, sex, age, sleep, fatigue, thermal and mechanical pain thresholds and DMN connectivity (medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC]-posterior cingulate cortex [PCC], mPFC-right angular gyrus [rAG], mPFC-left Angular gyrus [lAG], rAG-mPFC and rAG-PCC).

Results

Pain-free DMN connectivity increased the explained variance in peak pain intensity beyond the contribution of other factors (ΔR² = 0.10, p = 0.003), with the final model explaining 66% of the variation (R² = 0.66, ANOVA: p < 0.001). In this model, negative affect (β = 0.51, p < 0.001), helplessness (β = 0.49, p = 0.007), pain-free mPFC-lAG connectivity (β = 0.36, p = 0.003) and depression (β = −0.39, p = 0.009) correlated significantly with peak pain intensity. Interestingly, negative affect and depression, albeit both being negative mood indices, showed opposing relationships with peak pain intensity.

Conclusions

This work suggests that pain-free mPFC-lAG connectivity (at lower alpha) may contribute to individual variations in pain-related vulnerability.

Significance

These findings could potentially lead the way for investigations in which DMN connectivity is used in identifying individuals more likely to develop chronic pain.     

Insular functional connectivity in migraine with aura

IntroductionInsula plays an integrating role in sensory, affective, emotional, cognitive and autonomic functions in migraine, especially in migraine with aura (MA). Insula is functionally divided into 3 subregions, the dorsoanterior, the ventroanterior and the posterior insula respectively related to cognition, emotion, and somatosensory functions. This study aimed at investigating functional connectivity of insula subregions in MA.MethodsTwenty-one interictal patients with MA were compared to 18 healthy controls (HC) and 12 interictal patients with migraine without aura (MO) and were scanned with functional MRI during the resting state. Functional coupling of the insula was comprehensively tested with 12 seeds located in the right and left, dorsal, middle, ventral, anterior and posterior insula, by using a seed-to-voxel analysis.ResultsSeed-to-voxel analysis revealed, in MA, a strong functional coupling of the right and left antero-dorsal insula with clusters located in the upper cerebellum. The overlap of these cerebellar clusters corresponded to the vermis VI. These functional couplings were not correlated to duration of MA, frequency of MA attacks nor time since last MA attack, and were not found in MO.DiscussionThe anterior insula and superior cerebellum, including vermis VI, are components of the central Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) network. As these regions are involved in the control of cardiovascular parasympathetic tone, we hypothesize that this connectivity may reflect the cardiovascular features of MA.ConclusionThe anterior dorsal insula is connected with vermis VI in MA patients in the resting state. This connectivity may reflect the cardiovascular features of MA.Trial registration{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02708797","term_id":"NCT02708797"}}NCT02708797.     

Migraine without aura and migraine with aura are distinct clinical entities: a study of four hundred and eighty-four male and female migraineurs from the general population

The clinical characteristics of migraine without aura (MO) and migraine with aura (MA) were compared in 484 migraineurs from the general population. We used the criteria of the International Headache Society. The lifetime prevalence of MO was 14.7% with a M:F ratio of 1:2.2; that of MA was 7.9% with a M:F ratio of 1:1.5. The female preponderance was significant in both MO and MA. The female preponderance was present in all age groups in MA, but was first apparent after menarche in MO, suggesting that female hormones are an initiating factor in MO, but not likely so in MA. The age at onset of MO followed a normal distribution, whereas the age at onset of MA was bimodally distributed, which could be explained by a composition of two normal distributions. The estimated separation between the two groups of MA was at age 26 years among the females and age 31 years among the males. The observed number of persons with co-occurrence of MO and MA was not significantly different from the expected number. The specificity and importance of premonitory symptoms are questioned, but prospective studies are needed. Bright light was a precipitating factor in MA, but not in MO. Menstruation was a precipitating factor in MO, but not likely in MA. Both MO and MA improved during pregnancy. The clinical differences indicate that MO and MA are distinct entities.     

帕金森病静息态脑默认状态网络的观察

目的 应用功能连接MR成像技术观察帕金森病(PD)患者静息态脑默认状态网络的改变.方法 选择14例PD患者和14名健康志愿者,以双侧后扣带回作为种子点,分别进行静息态脑功能磁共振扫描,分析PD患者与健康志愿者的脑功能连接情况和差异. 结果与健康志愿组相比,PD患者的一些脑区存在异常功能连接,具体表现为:左顶下小叶、右侧楔前叶、前额叶中内侧、左侧颞上回等脑区与后扣带回功能连接减低;左侧小脑半球、左侧中央后回、左侧顶上小叶、左侧楔前叶、右侧颞下回、右侧楔叶、右侧舌回、左侧颞中回等脑区与后扣带回功能连接增强. 结论 静息态下帕金森病患者默认状态网络内脑区间的连接功能存在异常.