门静脉高压性脾肿大无外周血细胞减少31例报告

目的:探讨门静脉高压性睥肿大无外周血细胞减少的发生率及其临床意义.方法:回顾性研究门静脉高压性脾肿大336例的临床资料和术中探查的情况.结果:其中31例(9.2%)均有门静脉高压性睥肿大、食管下段胃底静脉曲张和上消化道出血病史及腹水,但无外周血细胞减少.25例获随访,平均WBC、RBC、PLT、Hb术前与术后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨髓极度增生活跃占84%(21/25)、并可见到幼红细胞,增生活跃和明显增生活跃各占8%(2/25),均经手术治疗,术中测量自由门静脉压力平均33.4 cm H2O,脾脏大小平均为23.1 cm × 16.5 cm×9.4 cm.结论:外周血细胞减少是门静脉高压性脾肿大的并发症,而不是其必然表现.对无外周血细胞减少的脾肿大治疗,是否需要切除脾脏值得探讨.     

门静脉高压性脾功能亢进患者的外周血细胞变化

门静脉高压性脾肿大、脾功能亢进（简称脾亢）的患者由于脾脏病理性功能增强，导致了循环血液中的血细胞呈现不同程度的减少，但血细胞减少的程度、范围是否有一个量化的指标？近15年来，笔者经治门静脉高压性脾肿大脾亢患者278例，占同期收治门静脉高压性脾肿大病例的90%，报告如下。[第一段]     

肝硬化门静脉高压性外周血细胞减少与手术预后

目的探讨肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压性脾肿大病人外周血细胞减少的构成比及对手术预后的影响。方法研究1991年1月至2015年6月笔者医院收治肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压性脾肿大病人并发外周血细胞减少376例的临床资料,并将外周血细胞减少进行分度,比较它们的预后。结果并发单种血细胞减少者占30.1%(113/376),两种血细胞减少者占35.9%(135/376),三种血细胞均减少者占34.0%(128/376)。全组均行脾脏切除+门奇断流术,行分流术58例(15.4%)。单种血细胞减少与多种血细胞减少的手术预后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),在376例血细胞减少中,血小板计数(PLT)减少与白细胞计数减少、红细胞计数减少的手术预后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。以PLT减少为主,将血细胞减少分为轻、中、重三度,分别给予2分、2~3分和3分进行病例统计分析,其预后差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论外周血细胞减少对手术预后有一定影响,单种血细胞减少的手术预后明显优于多种血细胞减少,轻度血细胞减少的预后明显优于重度血细胞减少,血细胞减少越多越严重、预后越差。     

肝硬化门静脉高压症并发外周血细胞减少的病因与治疗

肝硬化门静脉高压症(CPH)并发外周血细胞减少的病因有三种,即脾脏因素(约占80%)、非脾脏因素(约占4%)和综合因素(约占16%)。治疗方法包括非手术治疗和手术治疗。轻、中度外周血细胞减少适合非手术治疗,重度外周血细胞减少可行手术治疗。脾脏因素是CPH并发外周血细胞减少的的主要病因,但不是全部;治疗方法应根据外周血细胞减少的程度进行选择。     

血小板/脾脏体积比预测肝硬化门静脉高压症的严重程度

目的探讨用简单的、无创的模型(血小板/脾脏体积之比,platelet spleen volume ratio,PSVR)来评估肝硬化门静脉高压症病人门静脉高压症的严重程度。方法连续收集了20例我院因乙型肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症行断流术病人的临床资料。根据术中测得的门静脉压力梯度,将病人分为两组,即中度门静脉高压症组(9例)与重度门静脉高压症组(11例)。将两组间的资料进行比较,应用Logistic回归分析建立相关模型来预测门静脉压力的严重程度,并与以往的模型进行比较。结果 20例病人均为最终病理证实肝硬化,中度门静脉高压症组与重度门静脉高压症组相比,γ谷氨酰转移酶(P=0.033)、血小板计数(platelet count,PLT,P=0.005)、脾脏体积(P=0.001)、100×PLT/脾脏体积(PSVR,P=0.006),两组间差异均有统计学意义。单因素Logistic回归分析表明,PLT、脾脏体积、PSVR差异具有统计学意义。进一步多因素Logistic回归分析证实PSVR是预测中度与重度门静脉高压症的独立因素。利用ROC曲线分析PSVR最佳截断值5.08,曲线下面积、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为0.929、72.7%、100%、75%、100%。应用同样的方法,分析了PLT、脾脏体积、天冬氨酸转氨酶/丙氨酸转氨酶之比(AST/ALT ratio,AAR)、AST/PLT之比(AST to platelet ratio index,APRI)、FIB-4{[年龄(岁)×AST(U/L)]/[PLT(×10~9/L)×ALT(U/L)~(1/2)]}来预测重度和中度门静脉高压症,结果显示PSVR均优于上述指标。结论血小板和脾脏体积之比能准确地预测肝硬化中度及重度门静脉高压症。应用这一指标有望减少有创的肝静脉压力梯度的测量,有助于外科医生对肝硬化门静脉高压症病人进行术前评估。     

血管内皮生长因子在门静脉高压脾血管病变中的表达及意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肝硬化门静脉高压症患者脾脏及脾血管病变中的表达及意义.方法:2017年6月至2019年3月,手术治疗的肝硬化门静脉高压症脾肿大患者(门静脉高压组)及同期行脾切除的外伤脾破裂患者(对照组)手术切除的脾静脉及脾脏标本,比较免疫组化方法染色脾静脉及脾脏组织中VEGF的表达情况.结果:门...     

门静脉高压症脾功能亢进患者CD4~+CD25~+CD127~(low/-)调节性T细胞和Foxp3的表达及其意义

目前,对门静脉高压症脾功能亢进患者肿大脾脏的免疫功能状况及其调节机制尚不清楚.本研究采用流式细胞术和免疫组化法检测门静脉高压症脾功能亢进患者外周静脉血和脾脏组织中CD4~+CD25~+CD127~(low/-)调节性T细胞及Foxp3的表达,目的在于探讨自然调节性T细胞与门静脉高压症脾功能亢进时脾脏免疫功能的关系,研究调节脾脏免疫功能的可能机制.     

脾脏毁损体积对射频消融治疗脾脏功能亢进症疗效的影响

目的探讨脾脏毁损体积对射频消融(Radiofrequency Ablation,RFA)治疗肝硬化门脉高压性脾功能亢进症近期疗效的影响。方法对28例肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压脾功能亢进症患者进行RFA治疗。分别在RFA术后1、7、14、30、60、180、360d,检测外周血WBC、RBC、PLT变化。增强CT测定脾脏毁损体积,根据脾脏毁损体积百分比将患者分成4组:Ⅰ组(<30%)、Ⅱ组(30%~50%)、Ⅲ组(50%~60%),Ⅳ组(>60%),各组间进行对比分析。结果RFA术后WBC、PLT呈明显上升趋势,术后360d与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。脾脏平均毁损体积为(38.20±17.36)%。毁损体积50%~60%组术后360d WBC、PLT较<30%组、30%~50%组及>60%组上升明显(P<0.01)。结论临床上应用射频消融治疗门脉高压性脾功能亢进症的近期疗效肯定。毁损脾脏50%~60%体积近期疗效较好。     

肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的原因分析

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压患者行脾脏切除+贲门周围血管离断术后门静脉系统血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)形成的原因.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年1月至2010年1月204例肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症行手术治疗患者的临床资料.结果 其中150例行脾切除+贲门周围血管离断术,54例行脾脏部分切除术+贲门周围血管离断术.术后发生PVT30例,未发生PVT174例;发生PVT患者的门静脉和脾静脉直径、术后门静脉血液流速及术后并发症与未发生PVT患者有显著性差异(P<0.05),脾脏部分切除术后患者PVT的发生率明显比脾脏切除患者低,有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 门静脉和脾静脉直径、门静脉血液流速及术后并发症是肝硬化门脉高压症脾切+贲门周围血管离断术后PVT形成的危险因素,脾脏部分切除术可有效减少断流术后PVT的发生.     

部分性脾动脉栓塞对肝硬化门静脉高压血流动力学的影响

门静脉高压症是临床多发并发症,常继发于肝硬化,其主要表现为脾肿大,侧支循环的建立和腹水,同时亦可引起脾功能亢进.大量临床研究报道,部分性脾栓塞（PSE）是治疗门静脉高压症的一种有效方法.本文总结了近年来门脉高压症、脾肿大的发病机制,分析了门脉高压与脾脏的血流动力学关系,从门静脉高压症的发病机制及脾脏与门静脉高压症的发生、发展的密切关系出发,进一步总结了PSE对脾脏及门静脉血流动力学影响的机制.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective procedure for patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study was conducted retrospectively to examine whether laparoscopic splenectomy is an effective procedure for patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension in comparison to patients with a normal-sized spleen. METHODS: From September 1994 to May 2005, we performed laparoscopic splenectomy in 50 patients at Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Japan. Of these, 17 patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and 17 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with normal-size spleen were enrolled in this study, in which we compared the surgical outcome between patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and those without splenomegaly (ITP group). RESULTS: The mean operative time (splenomegaly due to portal hypertension vs ITP; 171 vs 165 min; P = 0.7433) and estimated blood loss (248 vs 258 ml; P = 0.5396) were similar in the two groups. There were two patients with complications (11.8%) in the patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and five patients with complications (29.4%) in those with ITP. All patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension showed appropriate increases in the platelet count following surgery. No perioperative mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that laparoscopic splenectomy was an effective procedure for splenomegaly due to portal hypertension, with findings being similar to those observed in patients with a normal-sized spleen (such as patients with ITP).     

Embolization of the splenic artery in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension and splenomegaly

Results of subacute embolization of the splenic artery with a metallic spiral obtained in 22 patients with cirrhosis of the liver with splenomegaly were studied at the stage of sub- and decompensation of the portal blood circulation. Results of the study and their clinical evaluation suggest that the subacute embolization of the splenic artery is a relatively safe, atraumatic and effective method of surgical treatment of splenomegaly, hypersplenism resulting from liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension. The method allows to decrease hypersplenism, splenomegaly, portal hypertension, to eliminate the pain syndrome due to splenomegaly.     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床疗效分析

目的探讨部分脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法选取我院62例肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和脾功能亢进患者。全组均行PSE,观察手术前后外周血象变化,门静脉、脾静脉管径变化及术后并发症发生情况。结果PSE术后白细胞、血小板计数高于术前（P〈0．05）;门静脉、脾静脉管径较术前缩小（P〈0．05）,全组病例无严重并发症发生。结论PSE治疗肝硬化并脾功能亢进操作简便、创伤较小、疗效稳固,可以抢救和预防再出血,尤适用于高危病重、老年不适于手术治疗者,是值得临床推广和应用的手术方法。     

肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除术后血小板数量变化分析

目的:探讨肝硬化门脉高压症脾切除术后血小板数量变化的临床意义。方法:统计分析153例肝硬化伴脾大脾亢患者脾切除术前后(肝硬化组)血小板(PLT)计数和肝功能,观察血小板变化趋势,比较脾切除术前后血小板变化和肝功能变化的关系,同时与脾外伤组对比。结果:肝硬化组术后多数血小板升高,部分不升高,甚至降低,并与肝功能相关。肝硬化组较外伤组手术前后血小板变化不明显。结论:肝硬化血小板减少数民的原因除与脾肿大等有关外,还可能与肝脏功能变化有关。     

Radiofrequency ablation for hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis: A pilot study

Radiofrequency ablation is a relatively new technique used for local ablation of unresectable tumors. We investigated the feasibility and eficacy of radiofrequency ablation for hypersplenism and its effect on liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Nine consecutive patients with hypersplenism due to cirrhotic portal hypertension underwent radiofrequency ablation in enlarged spleens. The ablation was performed either intraoperatively or percutaneously. Patients are followed up for over 12 months. After treatment, between 20% and 43% of spleen volume was ablated, and spleen volume increased by 4%–10.2%. White blood cell count, platelet count, liver function, and hepatic artery blood flow showed significant improvement after 1-year follow-up. Splenic vein and portal vein blood flow were significantly reduced. Only minor complications including hydrothorax (three of nine patients) and mild abdominal pain (four of nine patients) were observed. No mortality or other morbidity occurred. Radiofrequency ablation is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive approach for the management of splenomegaly and hypersplenism in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Increased hepatic artery blood flow may be responsible for sustained improvement of liver condition. Radiofrequency ablation may be used as a bridging therapy for cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation.     

脾切除对肝硬化门静脉高压脾功能亢进患者影响的研究进展

肝炎后肝硬化通常合并门静脉高压症,后者常致脾功能亢进(脾亢).对于同时伴有脾亢的患者,是否联合行脾脏切除,目前尚存在争议.持保脾观点的一方认为,脾切除后会降低免疫功能,增加感染机会和肝肿瘤的发生,同时会增加门静脉系统并发血栓的风险.而主张切脾的一方认为,联合脾切除作为外科治疗门脉高压症的主要方法之一,除了能降低门静脉压...     

Partial splenic embolization. An effective alternative to splenectomy for hypersplenism

Splenectomy for massive splenomegaly and hypersplenism carries a significant morbidity and mortality. We have used partial splenic embolization (PSE) as an effective alternative to splenectomy. Ten PSE procedures were performed on nine patients without mortality and with minimal morbidity. The age of the patients ranged from 8 months to 32 years (mean 14 years). The causes of splenomegaly and hypersplenism included cystic fibrosis with cirrhosis (2), tyrosinemia and cirrhosis (1); thalassemia (1), hemophilia with Human Immune Deficiency Virus infection (2), chronic hepatitis with portal hypertension (1), malignant histiocytosis (1), and Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (1). All procedures were performed under local anesthesia with sedation. A percutaneous femoral artery approach to the splenic artery was used to deliver Ivalon sponge particles (280-800 microns) into the spleen. Splenic infarction was assessed by postembolization angiograms. All of the patients except one demonstrated improvement of hematologic parameters. In one patient, however, cytopenia improved only after a second embolization. In the total series, there was an early mean rise of 8,600/mm3 in the leukocyte count (range 2,900-14,900) and 212,000/mm3 in the platelet count (range 30,000-718,000). Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 7 years. Improvement of the blood picture has been persistent in seven of the eight patients who showed initial improvement. Transient procedural complications included fever (5), pleural effusion (2), pneumonia (1), and splenic abscess (1). One patient had paralytic ileus lasting for 10 days and one patient developed a streptococcal peritonitis 3 weeks after embolization. No patient developed pancreatitis or vascular compromise of other abdominal viscera.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Platelet aggregability after splenectomy in patients with normosplenism and hypersplenism

The relationship between platelet count and aggregability was serially evaluated after splenectomy in patients with normosplenism and hypersplenism, and the results were compared with those found in patients undergoing only upper abdominal surgery. The preoperative count and aggregability of platelets were significantly suppressed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, idiopathic portal hypertension, and prehepatic portal obstruction. However, the platelet aggregability of these patients markedly increased in accordance with the platelet counts after splenectomy. In the patients with normal splenic function preoperatively, splenectomy caused a simultaneous increase in platelet count and aggregability. The platelet function was not always reflected by the count in the patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. On the other hand, in the control patients undergoing only laparatomy the platelet count substantially increased two weeks after operation, but platelet aggregability did not differ from the preoperative value. The present results suggest that additional factors for thromboembolism such as hypotension, acidosis, or stagnant blood flow should be avoided during the peak period of reactive thrombocytosis after splenectomy, and that an appropriate use of anticoagulants or inhibitors of platelet aggregation is recommended if and when necessary.     

Surgical Treatment of Massive Splenomegaly and Severe Hypersplenism Secondary to Extrahepatic Portal Venous Obstruction in Children

Purpose Massive splenomegaly with severe hypersplenism can occur as a late complication of portal hypertension (PH) caused by extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) in children. Severe hypersplenism is often refractory to treatment with endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) and shunt surgery. We report our experience of managing this disorder surgically. Methods We performed splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization via laparotomy in 14 children with an average age of 9.7 years. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy had shown esophageal varices of varying grade, and EST had been done for patients with a history of bleeding. The indications for surgery were pain and discomfort caused by a large spleen greater than 15 cm below the costal margin, and intractable symptomatic hypersplenism with a total leukocyte count <2500/mm³ and a platelet count <50 000/mm³, or both. Results Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the leukocyte and platelet counts reverted to normal. After follow-up for 1–5 years, all 14 children were asymptomatic, with improved growth and nutrition and no reported episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis, or encephalopathy. Conclusion Splenectomy with devascularization is effective for children with massive splenomegaly and severe hypersplenism secondary to EHPVO.