微创颅内血肿清除术对脑出血患者术后神经功能的影响

目的 探讨微创颅内血肿清除术对脑出血患者术后神经功能恢复的影响.方法 88例脑出血患者根据家属意愿分为两组.内科保守治疗组(对照组)46例,给予内科保守治疗;微创血肿清除术(微创组)42例,在CT引导下行颅内血肿清除术.应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)和修订致残量表(mRS)对术后1个月患者神经功能恢复情况和疗效进行评估.结果 治疗1个月后两组患者NIHSS评分较治疗前均明显下降(P＜0.05),且微创组NIHSS评分明显低于较对照组(P＜0.05);根据致残量表,微创组总有效率为69.0%,明显高于对照组的47.8%(P＜0.05);微创组死亡2例,对照组死亡5例,两组死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 微创颅内血肿清除术与内科保守治疗相比能改善脑出血患者神经功能,并可降低致残率.     

颅内血肿微创清除术治疗丘脑出血的效果观察

目的探讨颅内血肿微创清除术治疗丘脑出血的疗效。方法选取2010-06~2013-06该院住院治疗的丘脑出血患者47例,分为治疗组24例和对照组23例。治疗组给予颅内血肿微创清除术及内科保守治疗,对照组仅给予内科保守治疗。所有患者于术前及术后第1、3、5、10、30天依据美国国立卫生研究所脑卒中评分(NIHSS)测定神经功能缺损评分。结果治疗组疗效优良率为75.0%,存活率为75.0%,明显高于对照组的43.48%和47.82%(P0.01)。治疗组病死率为25.0%,明显低于对照组的43.83%(P0.01)。结论颅内血肿微创清除术治疗10~20 ml的丘脑出血疗效优良率及存活率明显优于保守治疗。     

CT引导下颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压性脑出血

目的探讨颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血临床疗效及安全性。方法将189例高血压脑出血患者随机分组,分别采用微创术清除血肿(微创组92例),内科保守治疗(对照组97例)。比较两组治疗前和治疗后1个月神经功能缺损程度和临床疗效,比较两组6个月后的存活率、日常生活能力和Barthel指数。结果微创组1个月后的有效率和显效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),神经功能缺损程度评分明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。6个月后微创组存活率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),日常生活能力好于对照组(P<0.05)。结论微创术清除血肿治疗是治疗高血压脑出血的一种有效方法,能明显减少患者病残程度,改善患者生存质量。     

微创手术治疗颅内血肿的临床效果观察

目的观察微创手术治疗颅内血肿的临床效果。方法选取2012年3月—2013年3月我院收治的颅内血肿患者80例,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组患者给予常规内科治疗,观察组患者进行微创颅内血肿清除术治疗,比较两组疗效。结果观察组总有效率为95%(38/40),高于对照组的65%(26/40)(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论微创手术治疗颅内血肿可以有效提高患者的治疗效果,降低并发症发生率。     

微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血疗效分析

目的探讨颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法将210例高血压脑出血患者按治疗方法的不同,分为颅内血肿微创清除术组(手术组)156例和内科保守治疗组(保守组)54例,两组患者给予常规治疗,包括吸氧、保持呼吸道通畅,用速尿或甘露醇消除脑水肿和降颅压,用硫酸镁、硝普钠或尼莫地平控制血压,预防感染和消化道出血、肾功能衰竭等并发症,维持水电解质平衡等。手术组在此基础上行颅内血肿微创清除术。比较观察两组的临床疗效、并发症发生率及病死率。结果手术组疗效显著优于对照组(P0.01),手术组并发症发生率和病死率比对照组显著减少(P0.01);手术时机≤6 h者的临床疗效显著优于7～12 h手术者(P0.05)。结论采用颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血,显著提高基本治愈率,有效降低并发症发生率和病死率,尤其是手术时机≤6 h者的临床疗效更佳。     

颅内血肿微创清除术加纳洛酮治疗高血压性脑出血疗效研究

目的探讨颅内血肿微创清除术加纳洛酮对高血压性脑出血的治疗效果。方法选取2011年1月—2013年1月我院收治的高血压性脑出血患者188例,将其随机分为对照A组(60例)、对照B组(64例)和治疗组(64例)。对照A组采用微创清除术及内科常规治疗;对照B组仅行内科常规治疗;治疗组采用微创清除术加纳洛酮治疗,并配合内科常规治疗。结果对照B组病死率高于对照A组和治疗组(P0.05);对照A组与治疗组病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3组患者意识恢复时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者日常活动缺陷程度和临床疗效均优于其他两组(P0.05)。结论颅内血肿微创清除术加纳洛酮治疗高血压性脑出血,可以提高患者的临床疗效,降低病死率,提高患者生活质量。     

软通道颅内血肿微创清除术治疗脑出血的临床疗效观察

目的观察软通道颅内血肿微创清除术治疗脑出血的临床疗效。方法选择2013年1月—2014年1月本院收治的脑出血患者76例,将患者随机分为对照组与治疗组,各38例。对照组患者采取常规治疗,治疗组患者采取软通道颅内血肿微创清除术进行治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果治疗组患者总有效率为86.8%,高于对照组的52.6%(P0.05)。治疗组患者并发症发生率为10.5%,低于对照组的31.6%(P0.05)。结论软通道颅内血肿微创清除术治疗脑出血疗效显著,且并发症较少。     

微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血的临床疗效探讨

目的探讨微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血的临床疗效。方法选取2011年11月—2013年10月我院收治的神经内科住院患者88例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各44例。观察组采取微创颅内血肿清除术治疗,对照组采取内科保守治疗。观察两组患者治疗前和治疗3周后美国国立卫生脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及Barthel Index(BI)评分。结果治疗前两组NIHSS评分和BI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗3周后,观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,BI评分高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组NIHSS改善率和BI改善率高于对照组,病死率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论微创颅内血肿清除术治疗脑出血临床疗效显著,能够有效改善患者预后。     

高血压性脑出血36例微创治疗临床观察

目的观察高血压脑出血微创治疗方法的临床疗效.方法采用颅内血肿微创清除术治疗组(36例)与单纯内科保守治疗组(36例)并进行疗效对比观察.结果 3周后治疗组有效率88.87%,对照组有效率为66.67%.治疗组死亡2例,病死率为5.56%;对照组死亡7例,病死率为19.44%.结论微创颅内血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血较单纯内科保守治疗有效率高.     

颅内血肿微创清除术合用醒脑静及复方丹参注射液治疗中重度高血压脑出血

目的评价颅内血肿微创清除术合用醒脑静、复方丹参注射液治疗中重度高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法将113例高血压脑出血病人随机分为治疗组与对照组,两组皆用微创术清除血肿,治疗组术后早期静脉输注醒脑静(30~40)mL,每日1次,连用15d,待血肿基本清除或病人病情稳定后加用5%葡萄糖250mL加复方丹参注射液20mL,静脉输注,每日1次,连用20d。分别观察两组的临床疗效。结果①治疗组病死率16.0%,低于对照组的22.4%;治疗组的神经功能恢复程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论颅内血肿微创清除术合用醒脑静、复方丹参注射液治疗中重度高血压脑出血较单用微创术,能明显促进残余血肿吸收,促进神经缺损功能的恢复,降低脑出血病人的致残率和病死率,提高临床疗效。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。