阿霉素联合顺铂对人胃癌组织增殖和凋亡影响作用的研究

目的研究阿霉素联合顺铂对人胃癌组织增殖和凋亡的影响作用,初步探讨阿霉素联合顺铂治疗胃癌的可能机制。方法常规培养人胃癌细胞株SGC-7907,用不同浓度的阿霉素、顺铂分别单独及联合用药作用于细胞。采用MTT法检测细胞增殖活力;流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布、凋亡的变化;Western blot检测相关蛋白的表达。结果阿霉素和顺铂能抑制SGC-7907细胞的增殖,两种药物联合应用时抑制率远远高于单药组(P0.01)。流式细胞测定仪显示单用阿霉素、单用顺铂以及联合用药在24 h内对SGC-7907细胞细胞凋亡率分别为(11.89±1.25)%、(19.51±1.33)%、(30.02±2.49)%,联合用药组明显高于单独用药组(P0.01)。Western blot检测显示,联合用药组Bax增加和Bcl-2减小更为明显,caspase-3蛋白的表达显著增强,与单药组相比差异显著(P0.01)。结论阿霉素与顺铂联合用药效果明显,可抑制胃癌细胞增殖,促进胃癌细胞凋亡,其作用可能与激活Bax、抑制Bcl-2和活化caspase-3有关。     

大蒜素和顺铂联合作用对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞凋亡影响的研究

目的:探讨大蒜素和顺铂联合应用对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞的抑制作用,及其对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞凋亡的影响.方法:人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞株,经复苏,孵育,传代分为4个实验组,分别用大蒜素、顺铂、大蒜素和顺铂联合处理人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞,在不同时间(24、48、72 h)观察细胞的形态.并应用免疫细胞化学SP法检测不同处理条件下和各时间点bcl-2和PDCD5的表达情况.结果:人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞在大蒜素、顺铂以及大蒜素和顺铂联合作用下,细胞生长增殖受到抑制,与对照组的人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞相比形态学变化明显.大蒜素、顺铂及两者联合作用均可以下调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中bcl-2的表达,上调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中PDCD5的表达,大蒜素15μg/mL和顺铂3μg/mL联合用药可增强对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞的生长抑制,与大蒜素15μg/mL、顺铂3μg/mL单独处理人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞比较,下调bcl-2表达和上调PDCD5表达的作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:大蒜素和顺铂联合用药作用强于单独用药,可进一步提高药物对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制. 胞生长增殖受到抑制,与对照组的人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞相比形态学变化明显.大蒜素、 铂及两者联合作用均可以下调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中bcl-2的表达,上调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中PDCD5的表达,大蒜素15μg/mL和顺铂3μg/mL联合用药可增强对人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞的生长抑制,与大蒜素15μg/mL、顺铂3μg/mL单独处理人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞比较,下调bcl-2表达和上调PDCD5表达的作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:大蒜素和顺铂联合用药作用强于单独用药,可进一步提高药物对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制. 胞生长增殖受到抑制,与对照组的人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞相比形态学变化明显.大蒜素、 铂及两者联合作用均可以下调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中bcl-2的表达,上调人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中PDCD5的表达,大蒜素15μg/mL和顺铂3μg/mL联合用药可     

阿司匹林对宫颈癌裸鼠移植瘤组织中Bax及VEGF表达的影响

目的探讨阿司匹林对宫颈癌裸鼠移植瘤组织中Bax及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法健康雌性裸鼠40只,背部皮下接种He La细胞后随机分为4组,各10只。阿司匹林组给予阿司匹林50 mg/(kg·d);顺铂组给予顺铂15 mg/kg;联合用药组同时给予阿司匹林和顺铂;对照组给予同等剂量的乙醇和生理盐水。观察各组移植瘤生长情况,计算抑瘤率;免疫组化法检测各组Bax及VEGF表达量。结果与对照组相比,其余3组肿瘤体积、肿瘤质量显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),阿司匹林组、顺铂组、联合用药组抑瘤率分别为43.10%、57.24%、82.49%;与对照组相比,其余3组Bax蛋白表达明显上调,联合用药组对Bax表达上调作用最强,其次为阿司匹林组;与对照组相比,其余3组VEGF蛋白表达明显下调,联合用药组对VEGF蛋白表达下调作用最强,其次为阿司匹林组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论阿司匹林可能通过调节Bax及VEGF蛋白表达,与顺铂协同作用,达到抗肿瘤效果。     

顺铂诱导人卵巢癌SKOV3和SKOV3/DDP细胞内质网应激差异的研究

目的研究顺铂诱导人卵巢癌SKOV3和SKOV3/DDP细胞内质网应激的差异。方法顺铂分别作用SKOV3组、SKOV3/DDP组细胞0 h、12 h、24 h。MTT检测两种细胞对顺铂敏感性差异;Western blot方法检测并比较内质网应激相关蛋白表达;RT-PCR方法检测顺铂对各时间点细胞的XBP-1表达。结果顺铂诱导两种细胞内质网应激存在显著差异。顺铂引起SKOV3细胞中内质网应激相关蛋白明显活化;而对SKOV3/DDP细胞中内质网应激相关蛋白没有明显影响;顺铂诱导SKOV3/DDP中XBP-1明显表达上调。结论顺铂诱导的内质网应激相关基因的表达差异可能是卵巢癌细胞耐药机制之一。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂MS-275对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖凋亡的影响

目的探讨MS-275对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法 MTT法检测MS-275和顺铂单药及联合用药对SKOV3细胞增殖的影响,并计算半抑制浓度IC50;流式细胞术检测MS-275和顺铂单药及联合用药对SKOV3细胞凋亡的影响;Western-Blot法检测各组BCL2、survivin及p21蛋白的表达。结果 MS-275和顺铂两单药均可抑制SKOV3的增殖,各浓度组具有统计学差异(P0.05),联合用药时可显著降低顺铂半抑制浓度(P0.05);同时两单药组可促进SKOV3细胞凋亡(P0.05),联合用药时凋亡作用更显著(P0.05);MS-275和顺铂可显著抑制SKOV3细胞BCL-2和survivin蛋白的表达,增强p21的表达(P0.05)。结论 MS-275抗SKOV3细胞增殖,促进其凋亡及增强顺铂敏感性的机制可能与抑制HDAC活性,抑制BCL-2和survivin蛋白表达,促进p21蛋白表达有关。     

AKT抑制剂MK-2206对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖凋亡的影响

目的探讨MK-2206对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法 MTT法检测MK-2206和顺铂单药及联合用药对SKOV3细胞增殖的影响,并计算半抑制浓度(IC50);FCM法检测MK-2206和顺铂单药及联合用药对SKOV3细胞凋亡的影响;Western-Blot法检测各组丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)、雷帕霉素靶体蛋白(m TOR)及核糖体S6蛋白激酶(70S6K)蛋白的表达情况。结果 MK-2206和顺铂两单药均可抑制SKOV3的增殖,各浓度组具有统计学差异(P0.05),联合用药时可显著降低顺铂半抑制浓度(P0.05);同时两单药组可促进SKOV3细胞凋亡(P0.05),联合用药时凋亡作用更显著(P0.05);MK-2206和顺铂对SKOV3细胞中AKT、m-TOR及70S6K表达无明显影响,但可抑制p-AKT、p-m TOR及p-70S6K表达水平(P0.05)。结论 MK-2206可抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,并可增强SKOV3细胞对顺铂敏感性,其可能与抑制AKT、m TOR及70S6K磷酸化水平有关。     

miR-199在对顺铂敏感性不同的卵巢癌细胞株中的表达及其意义

目的探讨 miR-199在卵巢癌细胞株中的表达,寻找卵巢癌化疗敏感性的指标。方法组学分析找出在顺铂敏感性不同的卵巢癌细胞株,miR-199的表达量差异较为显著,qRT-PCR 和 western blot 方法检测瞬时转染 miR199 mimic ／antagomir 后的卵巢癌细胞株,P63表达水平发生显著变化。结果miR-199在对顺铂耐药的 ES-2细胞中表达水平高于在对顺铂耐药的 SKOV3细胞中的表达,miR-199的下游蛋白 P63的表达也有差异。结论miR-199与 P63在一定程度上可以预测卵巢癌顺铂化疗敏感性,miR-199可能是通过其下游靶基因 P63发挥其在卵巢癌顺铂化疗敏感性中的作用。     

沉默miR-21对子宫内膜癌顺铂耐药细胞株Ishikawa/DDP的影响

目的:观察沉默miR-21对子宫内膜癌顺铂耐药细胞株Ishikawa/DDP的影响。方法:以Lipofectamine 2000介导miR-21抑制剂转染Ishikawa/DDP细胞株,同时设置阴性组和耐药组。采用反转录PCR检测miR-21、多药耐药基因MDR1、促凋亡基因Bax和抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达。采用蛋白印迹法检测多药耐药蛋白P-gp、促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达。采用噻唑蓝比色法检测细胞对顺铂的敏感性。采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。结果:与耐药组和阴性组比较,抑制剂组miR-21,MDR1和Bcl-2mRNA表达显著下调(P0.01),而Bax mRAN表达显著上调(P0.001);抑制剂组P-gp和Bcl-2蛋白表达显著低下调(P0.05),而Bax蛋白表达显著上调(P0.001)。与耐药组和阴性组比较,顺铂对抑制剂组的IC50值显著(P0.001);顺铂对抑制剂组细胞的诱导凋亡率显著增加(P0.001)。结论:沉默miR-21可显著提高Ishikawa/DDP细胞株对顺铂的敏感性,并促进细胞凋亡,其具体机制可能与下调MDR1,P-gp和Bcl-2表达,以及上调Bax表达有关。     

茶多酚联合顺铂对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3生长的影响及机制

目的观察茶多酚(TP)、顺铂(DDP)及二者联合对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3增殖及凋亡的影响,初步探讨二者联合对SKOV3细胞生长影响的机制。方法人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3经低毒剂量TP、DDP单独或联合作用后,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,DAPI核染色法荧光显微镜观察细胞凋亡形态变化,AnnexinV-FITC双染流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡,Westernblot方法检测细胞中Akt及p-Akt的表达。结果低毒剂量TP单药组、DDP单药组与联合用药组对细胞的增殖抑制率分别为(11.47±2.07)%、(32.26±4.85)%、(52.62±3.23)%,联合用药组的细胞增殖抑制率明显高于DDP单药组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);荧光显微镜下可见低毒剂量TP单药组的细胞核形态及染色与阴性对照组无明显差异,联合用药组细胞核比DDP单药组着色更重,核浓缩、核碎裂现象更加明显,呈现典型的细胞凋亡征象;低毒剂量的TP对细胞的凋亡无明显影响,联合用药组的凋亡率明显高于DDP单药组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);各用药组细胞中总的Akt蛋白表达无明显变化,p-Akt蛋白表达降低,其中联合用药组细胞中p-Akt蛋白表达降低最明显,与对照组及单药组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 TP与DDP联合后可显著增强DDP的抑制细胞增殖、促细胞凋亡效应,可能是通过抑制Akt蛋白的磷酸化来实现的。     

胰岛素联合顺铂对人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa生长的影响

目的：观察胰岛素（INS）联合顺铂（DDP）对人宫颈癌 HeLa 细胞生长及凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法体外培养的人宫颈癌细胞株（HeLa）经INS、DDP单独或联合作用后,MTT检测细胞增殖抑制情况;Annexin V-FITC双染流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡;流式细胞仪检测不同加药处理组的细胞周期时相变化情况;Western blot 印迹方法检测细胞中 JNK2、p-JNK2及caspase-3蛋白的表达情况。结果 MTT结果显示：INS无抑制细胞增殖作用,DDP单药组与联合用药组均能抑制细胞的增殖,两药联合时细胞增殖抑制率明显高于DDP单药组,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）,细胞凋亡结果显示：INS无促细胞凋亡的作用,联合用药组的细胞凋亡率明显高于DDP单药组（P〈0.01）。细胞周期结果显示：DDP、INS单药均能促进细胞由G1期向S期转变;联合用药组HeLa细胞S期比例增加更加明显,与DDP组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。Western blot 结果显示：实验组与对照组比较,JNK2蛋白水平无明显变化, p-JNK2、caspase-3于DDP组及 DDP＋INS 组中表达增加,联合用药时增加更为明显,与DDP组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而在INS组中三种蛋白表达变化均不明显。结论 INS 可增强DDP对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的毒性作用,其机制可能与协同DDP促进细胞由G0期步入S期,上调p-JNK2及 caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

糖尿病视网膜病变筛查与防治中存在的问题及对策

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患者筛查和防治中存在的问题及对策。方法以76例糖尿病DR患者为对象,调查未能早期接受眼科诊治的原因。结果存在问题主要是患者对DR防治知识不了解、血糖控制不理想、内科医生未建议进行专科检查等。结论眼科医护人员应密切与糖尿病专科的联系,尽早对DM患者进行DR健康教育,并开展社区DR防治工作。