不同提取剂对春花胡枝子黄酮含量及抑菌活性影响的研究

目的:研究不同溶剂提取对春花胡枝子黄酮含量及其体外抑菌活性的影响。方法:分别用水、乙醇、甲醇做提取剂,可得粗黄酮粉,将粗黄酮经大孔树脂纯化得精制黄酮。采用盏碟法及平板计数法测定4种黄酮粉抑菌活性。结果:以甲醇、乙醇、水作溶剂可从春花胡枝子叶粉中提取到黄酮含量不同的粗黄酮粉,经大孔树脂纯化后可得到含黄酮74.8%的精制黄酮粉。4种黄酮粉对6种受试菌均有抑制作用,但存在很大差异。相同条件下,春花胡枝子黄酮粉对酵母菌、小麦赤霉菌、苹果炭疽菌的抑制作用大于对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用。pH值对春花胡枝子黄酮粉的抑菌活性有较大的影响,超过或低于最佳pH值范围时,抑菌活性急剧下降。结论:不同溶剂提取的春花胡枝子黄酮粉黄酮含量及体外抑菌活性不同。     

马齿苋黄酮提取工艺及其分离纯化和抑菌作用分析

目的:探究马齿苋黄酮提取工艺的条件及对其抑菌作用的研究.方法:马齿苋黄酮提取的过程大致为:首先采用超声波法粗提马齿苋黄酮液,再采用正交试验对粗提液进行优化,最后经大孔吸附树脂对优化液进行纯化,再通过纸片扩散法对纯化后的黄酮进行抑菌试验.结果:我们研究得出在料液比为1:25、温度50℃、时间40min、功率200W是马齿苋黄酮最佳的提取条件,在此条件下,黄酮的得率为3.6%.抑制强弱顺序为:酵母菌>黑曲霉>醋酸菌>大肠杆菌.     

芹菜素对衰老模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

<正>芹菜素(Apigenin),又称芹黄素,化学结构为5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮,是芹菜中的主要生物活性成分,广泛存在于多种水果、蔬菜、豆类和茶叶中。大量实验表明芹菜素是一种抗氧化和抗脂     

大孔吸附树脂残留物的气相色谱测定

大孔树脂吸附技术是上世纪70年代发展起来的用于植物成分分离纯化的一项新工艺，目前日益广泛地应用于食品、药品以及化妆品成分的开发和生产。由于大孔吸附树脂是一类人工合成的材料，其应用对提取成分安全性的影响不容忽视，尤其是大孔树脂有毒降解物和致孔剂对提取成分污染问题。我国在药品和保健食品的许可审批中，要求采用大孔树脂吸附技术时应提供相应的残留物控制标准，包括污染物的限量及测定方法。本文应用最广泛的苯乙烯骨架型大孔树脂，建立了植物提取成分中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、正己烷、二乙基苯类残留物的气相色谱分析方法。     

用大孔吸附树脂从银杏叶中提取黄酮苷的研究

研究了选用大孔吸附树脂从银杏叶浸提液中分离黄酮苷方法,包括树脂静态吸附、动态吸附和解吸性能的比较。并用正交试验研究乙醇浸提银杏叶中黄酮苷的优化条件。提出了从银杏叶中提取黄酮苷含量24%以上提取物的方法。     

蒙药材黄花铁线莲抗肿瘤活性成分研究

目的:研究黄花铁线莲Clematis intricata干燥带花枝条中的抗肿瘤活性成分。方法:采用海虾幼虫致死实验为抗肿瘤活性追踪测试模型,硅胶、SephadexLH-20和制备型HPLC等色谱手段进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据结合理化性质鉴定化合物结构。结果:分离鉴定了7个黄酮,分别为芹菜素(1)、木犀草素-3’-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、芦丁(4)、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、芹菜素-7-O-(6″-E-p-香豆酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、芹菜素-6-C-(6″-E-p-香豆酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)。结论:7个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

和田枣中黄酮的提取分离与抑菌活性分析

目的研究和田枣中黄酮的分离提取工艺,并分析产物的抑菌活性。方法采用不同溶剂依次萃取和田枣的黄酮粗提液,进一步利用聚酰胺树脂层析柱分离萃取液,通过滤纸片法测得不同步骤提取液的抑菌活性。结果正丁醇萃取液的黄酮含量最高;聚酰胺柱层析得到最佳的分离条件是:以0.5 ml/min的流速上样,3 BV的水洗杂,再用3 BV的80%乙醇洗脱黄酮;不同提取液的抑菌圈直径显示,和田枣中黄酮对所研究的几种细菌均具有一定的抑菌作用。结论正丁醇和聚酰胺树脂有效的提取了和田枣中的黄酮,这些黄酮对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抑菌作用。     

黄芫花总黄酮提取工艺研究及山奈酚分离纯化

目的 研究黄芫花中总黄酮提取工艺,并分离纯化山奈酚.方法 通过单因素试验及正交试验探讨总黄酮提取工艺;采用大孔吸附树脂柱,硅胶柱及薄层制备纯化山奈酚.结果 黄芫花总黄酮提取工艺为:20倍量70％乙醇回流提取3次,每次45min;薄层制备得到山奈酚.结论 该提取工艺简便,山奈酚纯化方法简单,重现性好.     

沙棘籽渣黄酮和沙棘油对高糖高脂诱导的老年肥胖雌鼠血脂的影响

目的:观察沙棘籽渣黄酮和沙棘油对老年肥胖雌鼠血脂的影响。方法:应用沙棘籽渣黄酮和沙棘油对高糖高脂诱导的老年肥胖雌鼠进行灌胃给药,连续6w,观察对老年肥胖雌鼠体重、肥胖指数、血脂及游离脂肪酸、高低密度脂蛋白等指标的影响。结果:沙棘籽渣黄酮可显著降低老年肥胖雌鼠的肥胖指数,有效控制其体重增加;并能极显著降低模型动物血清甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸水平;沙棘油可显著降低老年肥胖雌鼠的游离脂肪酸水平。结论:沙棘籽渣黄酮和沙棘油均可显著改善老年肥胖雌鼠血脂状况。     

蔬菜中类黄酮物质的高效液相色谱测定法

目的:建立蔬菜中类黄酮的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法:摸索优化水解、萃取条件,建立高效液相色谱测定方法,并对天津市售30种蔬菜中槲皮素、杨梅黄酮、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基的含量进行测定。结果:所建立的高效液相色谱法变异系数范围为2.8%～6.5%,回收率范围为90.2%～108.4%,槲皮素、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇检测下限为0.4mg/L,杨梅黄酮、芹菜配基为0.8mg/L。30种蔬菜中29种检测出了槲皮素,含量在7.55～0.60mg/100g鲜重范围,5种检测出芹菜配基,7种检测出玉米黄酮,8种检测出杨梅黄酮,而坎二菲醇在30种蔬菜中均未检出;藕、洋葱、豆角、西红柿、芹菜等蔬菜的类黄酮含量较高。结论:本研究建立的方法可靠,并具有较高的准确度和精密度。所测定的蔬菜中类黄酮物质的组成和含量差异较大,槲皮素为主要的类黄酮。     

芹菜提取物中总黄酮总量测定

目的：检测芹菜提取物中总黄酮含量，为以芹有提取物为原料的保健食品质量控制提供依据，方法：分别用芦丁和槲皮素作为标准品，分别采用比色法检测芹菜提取物中的总黄酮含量，并比较了两种方法的回收率，结果：以芦丁为标准品时，芹菜提取物中总黄酮含量为1．05％，回收率为102％，以槲皮素为标准时总黄酮含量为1．11％，回收率为99．56％。结论：测定芹菜提取物总黄酮的两种方法均简便可行，重现性好。     

哈尔滨市夏季市售蔬菜水果中黄酮和黄酮醇含量检测

目的检测蔬菜和水果中黄酮类化合物的含量。方法采用反相高效液相色谱方法,选用C18色谱柱,以甲醇／0．1％磷酸水溶液（v／v,3／2）作为流动相进行洗脱,柱温30℃,流速1．0mL／min,在339nm波长下进行检测。结果槲皮素分布最为广泛,为主要的黄酮类化合物;蔬菜和水果中槲皮素、山奈酚、芹菜素、异鼠李黄素和毛地黄黄酮的含量范围分别为0～10．65mg／100g、0～11．67mg／100g、0～13．93mg／100g、0～10．44mg／100g和0～5．72mg／100g。结论不同蔬菜和水果中黄酮类化合物的组成和含量存在差异。夏季蔬菜中槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李黄素、毛地黄黄酮、芹菜素含量最高的种类分别是紫生菜、小葱、紫色甘蓝、紫生菜、旱芹叶。夏季水果中槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李黄素、毛地黄黄酮、芹菜素含量最高的种类分别是油桃、油桃、李子、油桃、圣女果（红色）。     

不同季节蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量的差异

目的研究不同季节蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量的变化规律,丰富食物成分数据库。方法改进现有的类黄酮物质HPLC检测方法 ,测定天津当地不同季节的52种蔬菜样品中槲皮素、杨梅黄酮、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基含量。结果在52种蔬菜中,春夏季节类黄酮含量较高的有香芹叶、土豆、球茎甘蓝、大蒜、茴香、白洋葱,秋冬季节类黄酮含量较高的有香芹叶、土豆、大蒜、球茎甘蓝,含量均超过20mg/100g鲜重。受季节影响变化幅度较大的蔬菜包括莴苣叶、圆茄子、菠菜、蒜苔、卷心菜和香菜。结论不同季节多数蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量差异有显著性,一般春夏季节含量高于秋冬季节。     

我国常见蔬菜类黄酮物质的含量

目的测定我国常见蔬菜5种类黄酮物质的含量。方法蔬菜样品分别采自北京、天津、上海、杭州,采用高效液相色谱法测定槲皮素、坎二菲醇、玉米黄酮、杨梅黄酮、芹菜配基含量。结果在46种蔬菜中,杭州美芹的类黄酮物质含量最为丰富,其它如洋葱、芹菜、藕、豆角中含量也较为丰富;在5种类黄酮物质中,槲皮素分布最广,含量最为丰富;我国居民每日人均蔬菜5种类黄酮物质摄入量约为13.90mg,其中槲皮素占51.1%。结论不同蔬菜类黄酮物质含量差异较大;槲皮素是蔬菜中最为常见的类黄酮物质;我国居民膳食类黄酮物质来源蔬菜多于水果。     

Elemental and nutritional analysis of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) Berries of Pakistani origin

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) is a very important medicinal plant in northern areas of Pakistan. The fruit of sea buckthorn is rich in nutrients and medicinal compounds such as vitamins, carotene, flavonoids, essential oil, carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and minerals. In order to compare various populations of sea buckthorn for chemical composition, eight populations from different areas of northern Pakistan were compared using fruit characteristics. Phytochemical analysis of berries showed vitamin C (250-333 mg/100 g), seed oil (7.69-13.7%), oil in softer pulp (19.2-29.1%), phytosterol content of seed oil (3.3-5.5%), and anthocyanin (0.5-25 mg/L), while the mineral element composition analysis revealed high contents of potassium (140-360 ppm), sodium (20-80 ppm), calcium (70-98 ppm), magnesium (150-240 ppm), iron (40-150 ppm), and phosphorus (110-133 ppm). This study established sea buckthorn berries as a good source of biochemical and mineral elements. The high variation between different populations shows the potential of selecting and breeding of the raw material for various defined purposes.     

芹菜提取物对自发高血压大鼠血压及高脂模型大鼠血脂的影响

目的探讨芹菜提取物对自发高血压大鼠血压和高脂模型大鼠血脂的影响。方法以自发高血压大鼠和高脂模型大鼠为研究对象，将动物实验组分别灌胃给予不同剂量的芹菜提取物4W，对照组给予等容积的蒸馏水。每周测定大鼠体重、心率、血压，每两周测定血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。结果给予芹菜提取物4W后，自发高血压大鼠血压明显低于对照组；给予高、中剂量芹菜提取物的动物血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量明显下降，但高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无变化。结论芹菜提取物对大鼠血压和血脂有一定的调节作用。     

The influence of exogenous methyl jasmonate on the germination and,content and composition of flavonoids in extracts from seedlings of yellow and narrow-leafed lupine

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the content and composition of flavonoids (isoflavones) in extracts from hypocotyls (with cotyledons) and radicles of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) var. Polo and in extracts from radicles of narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) var. Graf. Lupine seeds were harvested when fully ripe. Two months after harvest, the effect of various MJ concentrations (10⁻⁶ M to 10^-3M) on seed viability, seed vigor and the content and composition of flavonoids in extracts from seedlings that emerged from germinated lupine seeds (72 h, 20 °C) was determined. At high concentrations (10^-4 M to 10^-3 M), MJ suppressed the germination rate and germination capacity of seeds and decreased the growth rate of seedlings of the analyzed varieties of yellow and narrow-leafed lupines in the first 5 days of growth. In seedlings, MJ significantly increased the content of isoflavones (including daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) in 3-day-old hypocotyls (with cotyledons) and radicles of yellow lupine. This correlation was also observed in the hypocotyls (with cotyledons) and radicles of 3-day-old narrow-leafed lupine seedlings treated with MJ. Narrow-leafed lupine seeds were more sensitive to exogenous MJ then yellow lupine seeds during germination.     

木瓜叶化学成分的预试验

目的:通过预实验,初步探索木瓜叶的化学成分。方法:采用化学反应鉴别法分别对广西产木瓜叶水提取液、乙醇提取液和石油醚提取液进行化学成分预试验。结果:预试验项目中的黄酮类、酚类、香豆素与内酯、强心苷、挥发油及油脂、植物甾醇、三萜类、糖类、苷类、鞣质、有机酸、生物碱项目均出现正反应现象,其他项目出现负反应现象。结论:通过实验发现木瓜叶中可能含有黄酮类、酚类、香豆素与内酯、强心苷、挥发油及油脂、植物甾醇、三萜类、糖类、苷类、鞣质、有机酸、生物碱这些化学成分,为进一步进行该植物的生物活性成分研究提供了实验基础。     

Polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of colored soybean seeds from central Europe

The antioxidant activity and contents of various polyphenol classes in the seeds of seven soybean varieties of different seed color and one yellow seed cultivar, representing a reference genotype, were evaluated. Total polyphenols and tannins were determined after extraction of plant material with 70% aqueous acetone, and total flavonoids were extracted with methanol and acetic acid, whereas anthocyanins were extracted with 20% aqueous ethanol. In addition, isoflavone content and composition were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Antioxidant activity of seed extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity assay. A positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and contents of total polyphenols and anthocyanins was established. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extracts of black and brown varieties, which also showed high levels of all polyphenol classes examined. Yellow seed had the highest total isoflavone content (3.62 mg/g of dry material). The highest concentration of total daidzein was determined in black seeds (>2.0 mg/g of dry material), and the highest total glycitein and genistein contents occurred in the yellow cultivar (0.53 and 1.49 mg/g of dry material, respectively). According to our results, varieties of black and brown seeds could be of special interest not only for their large content of total polyphenols, ranging from 4.94 to 6.22 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of dry material, but also for their high content of natural antioxidants such as anthocyanins.