37种滇产中草药体外抗菌活性筛选

目的测定37种云南中草药的80%乙醇提取物的体外抗菌活性。方法用回流和冷浸(11种)2种提取方法制备37种云南中草药醇提物,用琼脂扩散法进行体外抑菌试验;用微量稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果 37种云南中草药的醇提物中,有33种对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌有不同程度的抑制活性;其中山乌龟、云南勾儿茶等14种中草药对标准金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌圈为15～20 mm;对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈为8～23 mm,MIC为128～512μg·mL-1,MBC为128～>1024μg·mL-1。结论山乌龟、云南勾儿茶、算盘子等6种中草药对金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌均具显著抑菌效果,部分中草药对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌也有一定的抑菌效果,呈现一定的广谱抗菌活性。     

金银花水提物及醇提物体外抗菌实验

目的：研究金银花水提物及不同浓度醇提物的体外抑菌和杀菌作用。方法：测定金银花水提物及25%、50%、75%、90%醇提物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：金银花水提物及醇提物均对金黄色葡萄球菌有较明显抑菌及杀菌作用,对痢疾杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌的抑菌和杀菌效果一般,高浓度醇提物对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌的抗菌作用不明显。结论：金银花不同溶剂提取物对供试菌均有一定的抑菌作用,是有研究、开发价值的天然抗菌中草药。     

消炎止痛栓体外抗菌活性研究

目的:研究消炎止痛栓(主要成分为盐酸小檗碱、冰片、土霉素、盐酸丁卡因)的体外抗菌活性。方法:运用试管稀释法测定并分析消炎止痛栓在体外对标准菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:消炎止痛栓对上述3种标准菌株的MIC分别为0.195、0.0488、0.0975mg.mL-1,MBC分别为0.390、0.0975、0.390mg.mL-1。结论:消炎止痛栓在体外对上述3种标准菌株具有良好的抗菌活性。     

清肺消炎丸体外抗菌活性研究

目的观察清肺消炎丸对9种肺炎常见病原菌的体外抗菌作用。方法采用琼脂稀释法,测定清肺消炎丸对9种药敏质控菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果清肺消炎丸对肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌的MIC分别为6.25、25、25、50mg/mL,相应的MBC分别为12.5、25、50、50mg/mL;对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、变形杆菌及白色念珠菌均无明显体外抑菌活性。结论清肺消炎丸对肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌具有体外抗菌作用,其中对链球菌的抗菌活性较高。     

亚最低杀菌浓度环丙沙星体外诱导铜绿假单胞菌标准质控菌株耐药研究

目的:研究亚最低杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,Sub-MBC)环丙沙星体外诱导对铜绿假单胞菌MIC值影响,为防止临床不合理使用抗菌药物导致细菌耐药性,提供新思路。方法:以铜绿假单胞菌质控菌株ATCC27853为研究对象,以环丙沙星为诱导耐药抗菌药物,用微量稀释法首先测定其MBC值,然后用1/2MBC值环丙沙星浓度进行体外诱导培养,每天观察其MBC值变化,及时调整诱导浓度为变化后MBC值的1/2,直到诱导菌株MBC值升高到原始MBC值的64倍时,停止诱导,并记录诱导天数;诱导出的耐药菌株传代3 d,再采用微量稀释法对其MBC进行测定,并通过全自动微生物药敏仪对其进行耐药性鉴定。结果:铜绿假单胞菌标准质控菌株的环丙沙星MBC值为0.5μg·ml^-1;采用0.25μg·ml^-1环丙沙星浓度体外诱导7 dMBC值明显升高,诱导30 d升高至原始菌株MBC的64倍;诱导出的铜绿假单胞菌针对环丙沙星的耐药菌株,经3 d传代后,微量稀释法测定其MBC仍为原始菌株的64倍,全自动药敏分析仪鉴定为环丙沙星耐药菌。结论:亚最低杀菌浓度环丙沙星可体外诱导铜绿假单胞菌标准质控菌株出现耐药,且耐药性随亚最低杀菌浓度诱导时间延长而增加,诱导出的铜绿假单胞菌耐药菌株的耐药性能稳定传代,提示低剂量使用抗菌药物可导致细菌产生耐药性。     

3种预防新生儿眼炎药物的体外抗菌活性比较

目的测定并比较泰利必妥滴眼液、环丙沙星滴眼液、庆大霉素滴眼液用于预防新生儿眼炎的体外抗菌活性。方法采用肉汤二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果泰利必妥滴眼液对新生儿眼炎常见致病菌金葡菌、淋球菌、肺炎球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的MIC50为0.25～2μg/ml,MBC90为8～32μg/ml;环丙沙星滴眼液对受试菌的MIC50为0.125～0.5μg/ml,MBC90为1～16μg/ml;庆大霉素滴眼液对受试菌的MIC50为<0.125～4μg/ml,MBC90为128～>512μg/ml。结论3种滴眼液对新生儿眼炎常见致病菌都具有抑菌和杀菌作用,但环丙沙星更强。     

聚季铵盐-1的抑菌活性及其稳定性研究

目的研究聚季铵盐-1的抑菌活性及其稳定性。方法采用营养肉汤试管二倍稀释法测定聚季铵盐-1对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌和黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并研究紫外光照射、温度、pH和盐浓度对聚季铵盐-1稳定性的影响。结果聚季铵盐-1对5种试验菌的MIC依次为16,4,16,8,64μg/mL;对5种试验菌的MBC依次为16,8,32,8,128μg/mL。聚季铵盐-1的抑菌活性不受紫外光和pH的影响,但会随温度和盐浓度的升高而降低。结论聚季铵盐-1在较低浓度具有抑制微生物生长的活性,对紫外照射和pH较稳定,高温易使其分解,在高渗环境下,其抑菌活性也会显著降低。     

诺氟沙星的体外抗菌作用评价

目的：评价诺氟沙星对烧烫伤创面常见致病菌的抑菌、杀菌作用。方法：用浊度法测定诺氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC6538）、大肠杆菌（ATCC8099）和铜绿假单胞菌[CMCC（B）10110]的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,实验平行3次,观察诺氟沙星培养液的浊度。结果：诺氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0．15μg·ml^-1,MBC为0．25μg·ml^-1;对大肠杆菌的MIC为0．25μg·ml^-1,MBC为5．0μg·ml^-1;对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC为4．57μg·ml^-1,MBC为14．0μg·ml^-1。结论：诺氟沙星在体外对烧烫伤创面常见致病菌均具有较强的抗菌作用,可为临床创面用药剂量的筛选提供一些依据。     

3种预防新生儿眼炎药物的体外抗菌活性比较

目的测定并比较泰利必妥滴眼液、环丙沙星滴眼液、庆大霉素滴眼液用于预防新生儿眼炎的体外抗菌活性.方法采用肉汤二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC).结果泰利必妥滴眼液对新生儿眼炎常见致病菌金葡菌、淋球菌、肺炎球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的MIC50为0.25～2 μg/ml,MBC90为8～32 μg/ml;环丙沙星滴眼液对受试菌的MIC50为0.125～0.5 μg/ml,MBC90为1～16 μg/ml;庆大霉素滴眼液对受试菌的MIC50为<0.125～4 μg/ml,MBC90为128～>512 μg/ml.结论 3种滴眼液对新生儿眼炎常见致病菌都具有抑菌和杀菌作用,但环丙沙星更强.     

环丙沙星脂质体对铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性

目的 观察环丙沙星的脂质体剂型(第3代氟喹诺酮类药物)对体外抗菌活性的影响.方法 用硫酸铵梯度法方法,制备环丙沙星脂质体;用微量肉汤稀释法测定2种不同剂型(游离或脂质体包裹)对敏感和耐药铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),并描记杀菌曲线.结果 与游离环丙沙星相比,环丙沙星脂质体对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC50与MIC50为前者的1/2和1/4,累计抑菌曲线和杀菌曲线左移.结论 相对游离剂型,环丙沙星脂质体对铜绿假单胞菌有更强抗菌活性.     

A new nucleosidyl-peptide antibiotic, sansanmycin

A new nucleosidyl-peptide antibiotic, sansanmycin, was isolated from an unidentified Streptomyces sp SS. The structure of sansanmycin was elucidated by analyses of its alkaline hydrolysate and spectroscopic analyses. Sansanmycin exhibits antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Ra and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values of 10 and 12.5 mug/ml, respectively.     

头孢唑兰对临床分离菌株体外抗菌作用评价

目的：评价头孢唑兰对临床分离菌株的体外抗菌作用,为头孢唑兰的临床使用提供参考依据。方法：用浊度法测定头孢唑兰对临床分离的无乳链球菌、甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）、甲氧西林敏感表皮葡萄球菌（MSSE）、肺炎链球菌、粪肠球菌、化脓性链球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、产气肠杆菌等的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,平行试验3次,观察头孢唑兰培养液的的浊度。结果：头孢唑兰对化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、无乳链球菌、MSSE、MSSA、粪肠球菌6种临床分离G~＋菌株的MIC分别为0.064,0.125,0.125,0.5,2,8μg·ml~（-1）,MBC分别为0.125,0.25,0.25,1,4,16μg·ml~（-1）;对肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、奇异变形杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌、产气肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌7种临床分离G~-菌株的MIC分别为0.125,0.125,0.25,1,1,8,32μg·ml~（-1）,MBC分别为0.25,0.25,0.5,2,2,16,64μg·ml~（-1）。结论：头孢唑兰具有较强的抑菌及杀菌作用。     

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aztreonam in comparison to other pseudomonas-active beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin

The in vitro activity of aztreonam, a synthetic monobactam, was evaluated against 245 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 130 of them being recent clinical isolates from patients and 115 from hospital environment. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and bactericidal kinetics were determined. The possibility of resistance development in vitro was studied. Gentamicin, cefsulodin, piperacillin and azlocillin were used as comparative agents with known antipseudomonal activity. At a concentration of 8 mg/l 83.3%, at 16 mg/l 92% of the tested strains were susceptible to aztreonam. Thus, the activity of aztreonam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is equivalent to that of gentamicin and cefsulodin and better than that of piperacillin and azlocillin in terms of resistance. Bactericidal kinetics with fourfold MIC, which is equivalent to MBC, are nearly identical for aztreonam, piperacillin and cefsulodin. In vitro induced resistance additionally causes increased resistance against the other beta-lactam antibiotics.     

伊曲康唑脂质体体外抗真菌作用研究

目的:研究伊曲康唑脂质体体外抗深部真菌作用。方法:测定伊曲康唑脂质体对白色念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌等5种临床常用深部真菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),采用平皿菌落计数法进行菌落计数,制备克柔念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌的菌落数-时间曲线,并与伊曲康唑注射液的结果进行比较。结果:与伊曲康唑注射液比较,伊曲康唑脂质体对5种深部真菌的MIC、MBC基本一致,对克柔念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌的菌落数-时间曲线基本一致。结论:伊曲康唑脂质体与伊曲康唑注射液对5种深部真菌具有相似的体外抗真菌作用。     

Bactericidal activity of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on clinical isolates of different phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Levofloxacin has been reported to have in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A recent survey carried out at our Institution showed clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to be more susceptible to levofloxacin than to ciprofloxacin. The in vitro activity of the two fluoroquinolones was evaluated further by looking at their bactericidal activity against two strains of each of the following antibio-phenotypes of P. aeruginosa: levofloxacin- and ciprofloxacin-susceptible, levofloxacin-susceptible/ciprofloxacin-resistant, levofloxacin-susceptible/ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ceftazidime-resistant, (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards susceptibility breakpoints were used). MIC and MBC values were measured and time-kill experiments were carried out. Drugs were used at susceptibility or resistance breakpoint concentrations in the time-kill experiments and results were recorded over 12 h in an attempt to link in vitro results with the clinical situation The polypeptide profiles of outer membrane preparations of the six strains were examined by gel electrophoresis. Levofloxacin was shown to be more bactericidal than ciprofloxacin in the time-kill experiments. No differences were observed between the outer membrane proteins of the six strains. Levofloxacin showed greater bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates than ciprofloxacin.