PBL在局部解剖学课间实习教学中的研究与实践

<正>以问题为基础的教学法(Problem based learning,PBL)是一种新的医学课程模式,强调以学生为主体,围绕某一具体病例的疾病诊治等问题进行讨论,强调培养学生的自学能力、实践能力、团队合作精神,设计理念体现了以人为本的先进教育思     

PBL与研讨会相结合的教学模式在生殖医学研究生教育中的应用

以问题为中心(PBL)的教学模式已成为国际上流行的一种教学方法。研讨会这种模式可以作为学生为研究某一问题与教师与其他同学共同讨论的一种学术交流形式,可以激发学生及教师的学习潜能,达到"教学相长"的目的。我们在生殖医学研究生培养过程中实施PBL与研讨会相结合(P+C)的教学模式,并使用综合问卷评价教学质量,有效地提高了医学研究生的培养质量及科研素质。     

病例讨论式教学在人体解剖学教学中的初探

对初入校门的新生来说，学好人体解剖学，对后续课程的学习至关重要。如何帮助学生理清学习思路，打好医学基础，培养学生正确的医学逻辑思维方法，无疑成为医学教育工作需要探讨的问题。而解剖教师作为医学生接触到的第一位医学基础课教师，应该肩负起引导学生培养正确的医学逻辑思维方法的责任。常规的人体解剖学教学以老师讲解为主，学生往往认为人体解剖学的学习以背诵为主，并没有认识到人体解剖学知识在医学实践中的重要性。源于西方的教学模式一基于问题的学习（problem based learning，PBL）是在教师指导下，以学生为主体，以问题为基础的小组讨论式教学方法，旨在培养学生逻辑思维能力，提高独立分析问题、解决问题的能力。我们在人体解剖学教学中应用PBL原理，在实习课中穿插进行病例讨论，引导学生学习正确的人体解剖学推理方法，帮助学生培养医学逻辑思维方法，深受学生的欢迎。     

微信APP+PBL在高职护理人体形态学教学中的应用*

正人体形态学是高职护理学专业的主干课程,学习其它基础护理、临床护理课程的必修课。然而人体形态学结构复杂,名词晦涩难懂,对于未曾接触过医学课程的高职学生有较大难度。如何通过微信APP提高学生的学习兴趣;如何利用PBL教学模式培养学生自主学习、终身学习的能力[1],是大学教师不断探索的话题。我们通过微信APP的构建,自编PBL教学案例和问题共享到微信APP。学生以团队为单位,进行课前的资料查询和问题讨论,归纳总结解决PBL问题的知识点。上课时教师以团队进行提问,对同学们难以理解的人体器官、结构进行详细的讲解。通过"微     

PBL教学法在八年制医学免疫学理论教学中的实践

PBL教学法是我国教学发展改革的方向之一,为了探索八年制医学免疫学理论课教学的新方法,从2007年起我们将传统教学与PBL教学法相结合的新模式应用于我院2004和2005级八年制医学免疫学的理论教学中。先以传统教学方法课堂讲授基础知识,然后安排PBL讨论课,学生进行自由讨论和发言,教师从旁引导;通过课堂反应和问卷调查评估教学效果。结果表明,这种新的教学模式受到了学生的欢迎和认可,教学效果良好。     

基于网络平台的PBL教学法在医学微生物学教学中的应用初探

以问题为基础的学习（PBL）教学法是上世纪六十年代末在北美开始兴起的一种新的教学模式,是我国高等医学院校教育改革的新方向。本教研室近年开始在医学微生物学部分教学中试行网络教学与PBL教学相结合的新模式,即以案例讨论作为PBL教学的形式,并建立了方便师生交流的PBL教学网络交流平台,结果表明教学效果良好。     

在八年制医学解剖学教学中开设PBL的六步法

PBL作为一种新型的教学模式,已得到医学教育界的普遍认可并逐渐被各大学采用。本文总结了本校实施人体解剖学PBL教学的主要步骤,并反思了PBL教学中存在的问题。提出要对教师进行PBL教学的系统培训,逐步培养、提高学生的学习兴趣,使其不断改善、修正自身的学习方法,使PBL教学真正成为提高学生综合能力的有效手段。     

儿科先天性心脏病PBL教学法之应用探讨

目的 引导学生的主动思维,并与传统模式相结合,学生为主,教师为辅,以临床实际病例为引导进行课程学习,以了解PBL教学模式在医学实习中的意义.方法 制定小儿心脏科PBL教学目标,合理安排教学时间,将理论课与实习有机整合,课前布置预习任务,建立PBL学习小组,实施PBL教学并进行总结.结果 PBL是一种高效率的教学模式,可以增强学生学习的主动性并提高其分析问题和解决问题的能力.PBL教学在目前阶段是传统教学模式有益和必要的补充,具有积极的和肯定的作用.结论 本课题在儿童心脏病PBL教学方面获得了初步的教学经验,为儿科逐步广泛开展PBL教学奠定了良好的基础.     

以遗传咨询为媒介开展PBL教学法的探讨

为了调动学生学习医学遗传学的主动性和参与性,本文从PBL教学法的现状、在医学遗传学中的实施方案、需解决的问题及PBL教学法的意义几个方面入手,探讨以遗传咨询为媒介开展PBL教学法的必要性。     

从医学免疫学PBL授课效果探索教育改革的途径

上世纪六十年代,加拿大的麦克玛斯特大学医学院试行一种新的教学模式,被称为以问题为基础的学习(Problem-based leaning,PBL)。它是指在医学教学中,以病人问题为基础,以学生为中心进行小组讨论式的教学模式。在该过程中,学生围绕问题进行思考、推理和分析,教师只起到导向作用[1]。其特点就是打破学科界限,教师引导学生主体,进行自主的获取知识的过程,从而培养学生发现问题和解决问题的能力。我们进行的免疫学PBL教     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.