颅内巨大或大型动脉瘤的血管内治疗:三种技术的比较

目的评价可脱卸球囊、可脱卸弹簧圈和颅内覆膜支架治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的疗效。方法收集资料完整的经血管内治疗的颅内巨大动脉瘤20例,其中球囊/弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉9例,可脱卸弹簧圈动脉瘤腔填塞8例,覆膜支架治疗3例,另有2例为经弹簧圈瘤腔栓塞治疗后复发,行覆膜支架治疗。随访9～83个月,平均(41.1±25.3)个月。术后即刻血管造影结果评价标准为：动脉瘤完全闭塞(100%),大部闭塞(95%～99%)和部分闭塞(＜95%)。随访血管造影结果评价标准为：不变、血栓形成和再开放。结果所有动脉瘤血管内治疗均获得成功,无并发症。术后即刻血管造影显示动脉瘤完全闭塞11例,大部闭塞7例,部分闭塞2例,其中1例部分闭塞患者术后7 d再出血死亡。19例健在患者最终血管造影显示：动脉瘤完全闭塞15例,大部闭塞3例,部分闭塞1例。19例中,10例载瘤动脉保持通畅。长期临床随访结果显示11例患者的临床症状消失,8例改善。结论动脉瘤腔可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉巨大动脉瘤的完全闭塞率低且再通率高;可脱卸球囊或弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉治疗动脉瘤完全闭塞率高但牺牲载瘤动脉,有潜在或短暂的脑缺血事件发生;覆膜支架治疗操作简单、安全,且可保持载瘤动脉通畅。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤(附11例报告)

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤应用电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)经血管内治疗的新方法.方法11例病人均行DSA全脑血管造影,明确动脉瘤的部位与载瘤动脉的关系,行可脱性弹簧圈治疗栓塞.结果11例中除1例动脉瘤较大用3枚电解弹簧圈闭塞外,其余均用1枚就完全闭塞动脉瘤腔,并保留了载瘤动脉的通畅.结论应用GDC经血管内闭塞颅内动脉瘤,安全、便捷、见效快.     

颅内动脉瘤的介入放射治疗

目的：分析２０例颅内囊状动脉瘤微弹簧圈和可脱球囊栓塞治疗方法、结果、技术特点、弹簧圈理化特性和并发症处理等。材料和方法：１７例囊状动脉瘤采用微弹簧圈栓塞，３例采用球囊栓塞。１５例颈动脉穿刺入路，途径短，成功率高。５例股动脉穿刺入路。结果：栓塞后动脉瘤完全闭塞，载瘤动脉通畅１４例；动脉瘤栓塞９０％，载瘤动脉通畅３例；动脉瘤同时与载瘤动脉完全闭塞３例。２０例颅内囊状动脉瘤栓塞后３个月随诊无一例死亡和发生栓塞并发症；动脉瘤闭塞９０％的３例，ＤＳＡ证实动脉瘤完全消失。结论：介入放射治疗颅内动脉瘤效果良好，能保持载瘤动脉通畅而达到不开颅治愈病人的目的。     

电解脱弹簧圈(GDC)在颅内动脉瘤腔栓塞治疗中的临床应用

目的：评价颅内动脉瘤GDC栓塞术的效果和并发症。材料和方法：应用GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤270例273枚.其中5例在载瘤动脉内支架置放后再行瘤腔内GDC栓塞。临床表现为动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血236例，脑神经压迫症状18例，其他16例。131例在栓塞后3－15个月作了随访血管造影。结果：262例265枚动脉瘤栓塞成功，8例手术失败。动脉瘤完全闭塞或几近完全闭塞（闭塞范围＞95％）217枚，大部闭塞（闭塞范围70％－95％）31枚，部分闭塞（闭塞范围＜70％）17枚，与手术相关的死亡4例，与手术相关的并发症18例（其中13例经处理后无后遗症；4例轻残，1例重残）。随访脑血管造影显示动脉瘤复发9例,均为原部分栓塞患者.结论：颅内动脉瘤腔内GDC完全致密堵塞的效果肯定，与手术相关的并发症发生率与操作者经验有关。     

电解可脱弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的:探讨电解可脱弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。材料和方法:CT以及DSA检查证实为颅内动脉瘤65例,66个动脉瘤。在神经安定麻醉和全身肝素化的条件下,经Tracker-10或Tracker-18微导管放置电解可脱性弹簧圈对脑动脉瘤患者进行栓塞治疗,手术在DSA动态监视下完成。结果:66个动脉瘤中,瘤体大小为3.5mm×3.8mm~5.4mm×4.5mm。64例栓塞成功,成功率为97%;2例因载瘤动脉严重痉挛而失败(3%),其中100%闭塞48个(72.7%);栓塞程度达95%以上9个(13.6%);90%闭塞7个(10.6%)。术后回访3~24个月,未发现蛛网膜下腔再次出血。结论:电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点。     

脑动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗

目的：探讨脑动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗。材料与方法：经股动脉或患侧颈动脉入路，对36例不同部位和形状的脑动脉瘤选用相适合的可脱乳胶球囊、游离微钨螺旋圈或机械性可脱钨螺旋圈进行载瘤动脉闭塞和瘤腔的严密填塞。结果：经脑血管造影证实，动脉瘤影像消失，仅有部分大型动脉瘤遗留少许残颈；随访中未发现蛛网膜下腔再出血。结论：脑动脉瘤的栓塞治疗是防止其破裂再出血的有效措施之一；对眼动脉段大型动脉瘤闭塞载瘤动脉前采用压颈造影是证实Willi’s环完整性的可靠方法。     

血管内栓塞治疗大脑前动脉A1段近端动脉瘤破裂十例

目的 探讨血管内栓塞治疗大脑前动脉(ACA)A1段近端动脉瘤的可行性和有效性.方法 2008年3月-2013年10月采用血管内栓塞治疗破裂的ACA A1段近端动脉瘤10例,回顾性分析其临床资料和疗效.结果 所有的患者血管内治疗均获得了成功,6例单纯采用弹簧圈栓塞术,1例单纯采用支架植入术,3例采用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术.术后即刻血管造影显示9例动脉瘤腔完全闭塞,1例单纯支架植入术见瘤腔内对比剂滞留,无手术相关的并发症发生.临床随访6～ 60个月未发生颅内再出血和缺血并发症.7例术后6～ 12个月行DSA随访,动脉瘤瘤腔完全性阻塞,未见载瘤动脉狭窄及闭塞.结论 采用血管内栓塞治疗破裂A1段近端动脉瘤是可行的、有效的.为保证成功栓塞,恰当的微导管塑形是必须的,必要时还需结合辅助技术.     

螺旋CT血管造影在脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗中的价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT血管造影（SCTA）在指导脑动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗中的应用价值。方法 脑动脉瘤患者48例,行SCTA明确动脉瘤的部位、形态及与载瘤动脉、邻近其他结构的关系,选择最佳显示动脉瘤与载瘤动脉关系的角度,测量动脉瘤的瘤颈、瘤体大小及动脉瘤与载瘤动脉的夹角,以指导血管内电解可脱弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞治疗。1周内行DSA造影,合适病例行GDC栓塞治疗,将SCTA与DSA结果进行对照比较。结果 （1）SCTA检出了DSA确诊的56个脑动脉瘤中的53个（94．6％）,正确诊断51个（91．1％）。（2）43个脑动脉瘤选择血管内GDC栓塞治疗,SCTA选择的血管内治疗的最佳投照角度与DSA相符41个（95．35）,SCTA测量这41个动脉瘤的瘤体与载瘤动脉夹角、瘤体及瘤颈大小并分别与DSA测量值比较,差异均无显著性意义（P值均＞0．05）。SCTA选择最佳投照角度及测量数值应以最大密度投影（MIP）图像为准,结合表面遮盖法（SSD）图像。结论 SCTA不仅对脑动脉瘤的诊断准确率高,而且对动脉瘤治疗方案的制定、术前准确及血管内栓塞治疗有很高的指导价值。     

出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管内栓塞治疗

目的评价血管内栓塞治疗出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床疗效。方法应用血管内栓塞治疗技术对14例出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者进行诊断、治疗,回顾性分析患者临床资料、血管内栓塞治疗经过及临床疗效。结果 14例患者中1例行单纯球囊闭塞载瘤动脉,10例行弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,3例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞。术后全组患者均接受随访。随访时间为3个月~7年,平均24个月。随访期间13例患者临床症状减轻,未再出血,其中1例术后第3天出现明显的脊髓动脉缺血症状,经应用抗凝及扩血管等治疗后症状消失,1例因呼吸循环衰竭死亡。结论血管内栓塞治疗是治疗出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的有效方法,可将载瘤动脉连同动脉瘤完全闭塞或应用支架血管辅助弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤。     

3D-DSA在颅内微小动脉瘤诊断及指导治疗中的价值

目的探讨3D-DSA在颅内微小动脉瘤诊断及指导治疗中的价值。方法对86例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血和脑动脉瘤可疑的患者行常规DSA,并行3D重建,比较常规DSA与3D-DSA对颅内微小动脉瘤检出率的差异,同时基于3D-DSA显示动脉瘤情况指导临床选择最佳的治疗方式。结果常规DSA发现57例75个动脉瘤,其中直径≤5mm动脉瘤39个,直径5mm动脉瘤36个;3D-DSA发现69例86个动脉瘤,其中直径≤5mm动脉瘤50个,直径5mm动脉瘤36个,微小动脉瘤(直径≤5mm)检出率3D-DSA较常规DSA提高22%。依据3D-DSA显示动脉瘤的位置、瘤颈大小、瘤体与载瘤动脉关系,有40例患者分别选择手术或介入治疗,其中20例行动脉瘤夹闭术,13例行介入栓塞术,7例行支架辅助+介入栓塞术。结论 3D-DSA能明显提高颅内微小动脉瘤的检出率,在显示瘤颈大小、载瘤动脉和瘤体结构方面明显优于常规DSA,并有助于指导动脉瘤的治疗。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）