东莨菪碱对SD大鼠吗啡位置偏爱的影响

目的通过观测东莨菪碱对雄性SD大鼠吗啡位置偏爱(相当于渴求)形成过程的影响,以期揭示胆碱能M型受体参与吗啡精神依赖的形成.方法将24只无自然地点偏爱的雄性SD大鼠采用同窝异体配对设计随机分为实验组与对照组,均在建立吗啡依赖模型的过程中(10天)及戒断后(共14天)进行8次吗啡位置偏爱实验,比较两组大鼠在吗啡侧的停留时间.其中实验组于注射吗啡时加注东莨菪碱.结果在吗啡依赖形成及戒断过程中,实验组(吗啡+东莨菪碱组)和对照组(吗啡+生理盐水组)在吗啡侧的停留时间均长于生理盐水侧,产生了对吗啡的位置偏爱.但两组相比实验组大鼠在吗啡侧的停留时间显著短于对照组(P＜0.05).结论东莨菪碱明显抑制了大鼠吗啡位置偏好的形成,揭示乙酰胆碱M型受体参与了吗啡的精神依赖.     

中枢和外周注射东莨菪碱对吗啡条件性位置偏爱的影响

为探讨脑内胆碱能神经系统与大鼠的吗啡条件性位置偏爱行为的关系，作者用体重200～250g雄性SD大鼠建立吗啡条件性位置偏爱模型。模型动物随机分为4组：①侧脑室注射生理盐水组，②侧脑室注射东莨碱组，③腹腔注射生理盐水组，④腹腔注射东莨碱组．测试前30min，给第2组侧脑室注入20μg东莨碱，对照组给予等量生理盐水。结果前者的吗啡条件性位置偏爱效应减弱（P＜0．05）．腹腔注射0．5mg／kg东莨碱对吗啡条件性位置偏爱效应影响不著。结果提示，脑内胆碱能神经系统参与吗啡偏爱效应的形成，东莨碱可能通过阻断脑内胆碱能M受体抑制了吗啡条件性位置偏爱行为。     

地卓西平对大鼠吗啡位置偏爱及戒断体征的抑制作用

目的测评地卓西平(MK-801)对大鼠吗啡位置偏爱及戒断体征的影响,探讨NMDA受体在吗啡依赖中的作用.方法51只雄性Sprague-Dawle大鼠随机等分为对照组、吗啡组和干预组.吗啡组大鼠每天两次腹腔注射吗啡(剂量渐增,10天);干预组大鼠于每次注射吗啡前30min腹腔注射MK-801(0.075 mg/kg);对照组接受相同的试验操作.结果与对照组相比,吗啡组大鼠建模后停留于自侧的时间明显延长(P＜0.05),戒断第1d、3d戒断体征总分显著升高(P＜0.01);干预组大鼠与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).与吗啡组相比,干预组大鼠停留于白侧的时间在建模第5d、9d明显减少(P＜0.01),戒断第1d、3d的戒断总评分显著减低(P＜0.01).结论MK-801抑制了吗啡诱导的条件性位置偏爱及大部分吗啡戒断体征.表明谷胺酸NMDA受体在阿片精神及躯体依赖中均有重要作用.     

地卓西平对大鼠吗啡位置偏爱及戒断体征的抑制作用

目的 测评地卓西平(MK—801)对大鼠吗啡位置偏爱及戒断体征的影响，探讨NMDA受体在吗啡依赖中的作用。方法 51只雄性Sprague-Dawle大鼠随机等分为对照组、吗啡组和干预组。吗啡组大鼠每天两次腹腔注射吗啡(剂量渐增，10天)；干预组大鼠于每次注射吗啡前30min腹腔注射MK—801(0．075mg/kg)；对照组接受相同的试验操作。结果 与对照组相比，吗啡组大鼠建模后停留于白侧的时间明显延长(P＜0．05)，戒断第1d、3d戒断体征总分显著升高(P＜0．01)；干预组大鼠与对照组差异不显著（P＞0．05)。与吗啡组相比，干预组大鼠停留于白侧的时间在建模第5d、9d明显减少(P＜0．01)，戒断第1d、3d的戒断总评分显著减低(P＜0．01)。结论 MK—801抑制了吗啡诱导的条件性位置偏爱及大部分吗啡戒断体征。表明谷胺酸NMDA受体在阿片精神及躯体依赖中均有重要作用。     

东莨菪碱、黄芪合用对小鼠吗啡精神依赖性的影响

目的观察东莨菪碱、黄芪合用对吗啡依赖小鼠精神依赖性的影响。方法昆明种小鼠30只,按分层随机区组设计分为3组：东莨菪碱组（D组）、黄芪组（H组）、东莨菪碱＋黄芪组（DH组）。前3天上午小鼠皮下注射吗啡后立即放入偏爱器的白室30min,下午按分组分别皮下注射东莨菪碱、黄芪、东莨菪碱＋黄芪30min后放入黑室30min,第4天将小鼠放人偏爱器中,记录15min内小鼠在白室的停留时间。结果DH组在白室停留时间明显短于D组和H组（P〈0．05）。结论东莨菪碱和黄芪合用较分别单用对小鼠条件性位置偏爱形成的抑制作用更显著,即二者合用对抑制小鼠吗啡精神依赖性的形成有协同作用。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及位置偏爱的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及条件性位置偏爱效应的影响.方法 (1)48只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为吗啡依赖组(MOR组),纳洛酮促戒断组(NAL组),PHC治疗组(PHCl,2,3组),对照组(NS组),每组8只.剂量递增法连续5 d皮下注射吗啡(10～50mg/kg,每日2次)及纳洛酮催促戒断(5 mg/kg),建立吗啡躯体依赖大鼠模型.实验第6天上午,纳络酮催促戒断前30min腹腔注射不同剂量的PHC(0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg).观察各组大鼠在20 min内的体质量丧失情况及戒断症状.(2)40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为吗啡诱导组(MOR组),PHC治疗组(PHC1,2,3组),对照组(NS组),每组8只.连续7d交替皮下注射吗啡(10mg/kg,每天1次)或生理盐水,诱导大鼠的吗啡位置偏爱效应.实验第8天停用吗啡,NS组与MOR组腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水;PHC治疗组则分别腹腔注射PHC 0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/kg.各组大鼠行CPP测试.结果 (1)PHC治疗组能明显缓解吗啡依赖大鼠的催促戒断症状,其体质量丧失[(8.53±1.20)g、(7.36±1.06)g、(5.40±1.79)g,(12.63±2.22)g,F=83.16,P＜0.01]和戒断症状评分[(25.36±3.11)分、(21.38±3.50)分、(17.06±1.78)分,(31.69±2.76)分,F=256.56,P＜0.01)]明显低于NAL组,且呈剂量依赖性.(2)PHC治疗组的灰区停留时间与MOR组比较显著缩短[(529±83)s、(460±107)s、(418±97)s,(643±111)s,F=13.22,P＜0.01],且呈剂量依赖性.结论 PHC急性治疗能剂量依赖的抑制吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状和条件性位置偏爱的表达.     

80 Hz电刺激伏隔核对吗啡诱导的大鼠条件性位置偏爱行为形成的影响

目的:探讨80 Hz电刺激伏隔核对吗啡诱导的大鼠条件性位置偏爱形成的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为吗啡-刺激组、吗啡-假刺激组、正常对照组,每组各10只.3组大鼠分别在不同条件下进行条件性位置偏爱实验,其中吗啡-刺激组、吗啡-假刺激组分别进行预测试、手术、训练、刺激、测试5个阶段实验,正常对照组进行预测试、手术、训练、测试4个阶段实验;在训练阶段,吗啡-刺激组和吗啡-假刺激组每天交替注射吗啡和生理盐水各1次,正常对照组每天注射2次生理盐水;在刺激阶段,吗啡-刺激组采用80 Hz电刺激伏隔核,吗啡-假刺激组不刺激伏隔核.分别记录预测试和测试阶段3组大鼠在白箱内平均停留时间,并给予比较.结果:吗啡-假刺激组训练后,在白箱内平均停留时间明显长于训练前和同期的正常对照组(P＜0.01),吗啡诱导的心理依赖模型建立成功.吗啡-刺激组在伏隔核刺激条件下完成条件性位置偏爱训练后,在白箱停留时间长于吗啡-假刺激组(P＜0.01),表明电刺激伏隔核显著强化了大鼠的觅药行为.结论:80 Hz电刺激大鼠双侧伏隔核可明显地促进吗啡诱导的位置偏爱行为的形成,表明该频率电刺激可强化吗啡诱导的心理依赖.     

丰富环境对吗啡依赖大鼠成瘾行为及多巴胺转运体影响

目的研究丰富环境对吗啡所致大鼠成瘾及其对多巴胺转运体的影响。方法将90只雄性SD大鼠随机分为丰富环境成瘾组（n=30）与普通环境成瘾组（n=30）及对照组（n=30）,1月后进行吗啡诱导的条件性位置偏爱行为实验,大鼠成瘾后撤掉成瘾性物质使其自然戒断,观察不同组戒断反应。利用免疫组化法对不同环境对照组及吗啡依赖大鼠戒断后第0、1、3、7天多巴胺转运体动态表达实验。结果①丰富环境组与普通环境组CPP基线值没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）,丰富环境组CPP测试值显著高于普通环境组（P〈0.05）;②丰富环境大鼠戒断后摇体次数显著低于普通环境组;③吗啡依赖大鼠腹侧被盖区DAT蛋白灰度值在戒断第0、1天显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,第3天普通环境组仍高于对照组,丰富环境组与对照组无显著差异（P〉0.05）,第7天三组间无显著差异。结论丰富环境对吗啡诱导的CPP可能有易化作用;吗啡依赖大鼠腹侧被盖区DAT出现下调,戒断后会逐渐恢复,而丰富环境可加速其过程。     

吗啡依赖和戒断大鼠脊髓内NA能神经元变化的研究

目的探讨慢性吗啡处理及戒断后大鼠脊髓内NA能神经元的形态变化.方法24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为吗啡依赖组、吗啡戒断组和生理盐水对照组,每组8只.依赖组大鼠以腹腔注射吗啡方法建立吗啡依赖模型.戒断组大鼠在依赖模型建立后于腹腔注射纳洛酮5 mg/kg诱导戒断症状,对照组大鼠注射等量生理盐水.注射24 h后取脑和脊髓作冰冻切片.利用免疫组化方法检测各组大鼠脊髓及LC内NA能神经元的变化.结果正常组LC内DBH阳性细胞数为(98±17),吗啡依赖组和戒断组LC内DBH阳性细胞数分别为(212±20)和(229±27),明显高于正常组(P＜0.01),但平均灰度值无明显差异.慢性吗啡处理后脊髓前角DBH阳性神经元数量增多,染色加深,后角和侧角新增加大量阳性神经元,吗啡依赖组和戒断组DBH阳性神经元增加具有极显著意义(P＜0.01).结论慢性吗啡处理和戒断引起LC和脊髓内NA能神经元增多,提示NA与吗啡依赖和戒断的形成有关,其可能是吗啡依赖及戒断的分子机制之一.     

吗啡精神依赖大鼠VTA髓鞘不同时程结构变化

目的观察不同时程吗啡精神依赖大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区（VTA）髓鞘的结构变化。方法将SD大鼠分为6组：吗啡依赖10天组,吗啡依赖10天对照组,吗啡依赖30天组,吗啡依赖30天对照组,脱毒组,脱毒对照组。剂量递增法于大鼠背部皮下注射吗啡,并用条件位置偏爱法观察吗啡精神依赖效应。应用透射电镜对各组大鼠VTA的髓鞘进行观察。结果吗啡依赖10天组大鼠VTA髓鞘板层开始松解,扭曲变形,排列较紊乱,部分结构已经肿胀变性,板层内有空泡形成,但未见脱髓鞘改变;吗啡注射30天组和脱毒组大鼠VTA髓鞘变薄、溶解,并可见典型的脱髓鞘改变;自然戒断20天组,大鼠的精神依赖行为虽然已经消失,但其髓鞘的损伤仍未修复。结论吗啡精神依赖大鼠VTA髓鞘呈进程性损伤,该损伤可能是阿片类药物成瘾后产生吗啡精神依赖的病理学基础之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.