尿阿尔茨海默病相关神经丝蛋白联合血浆同型半胱氨酸测定在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的研究

目的 探讨尿阿尔茨海默病（AD）相关神经丝蛋白（AD7c-NTP）含量测定联合血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）在AD诊断中的价值。方法 纳入轻度阿尔茨海默病（CDR=1分）及中重度阿尔茨海默病患（CDR ≥ 2分）者各40例,并选择健康体检志愿者40例为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测尿液中AD7c-NTP含量,采用循环酶法测定血浆Hcy的含量,通过绘制ROC曲线,分析二者联合检测对AD的诊断准确性。结果 3组受试者尿AD7c-NTP含量比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。根据ROC曲线,当尿AD7c-NTP为1.745 ng/mL时,对应的灵敏度和特异度之和最大。3组受试者血浆Hcy的含量比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。根据ROC曲线,当血浆HCY为15.05 μmol/L时,对应的灵敏度和特异度之和最大。当二者进行联合检测时,ROC曲线下面积为0.891,大于各项单独检测。结论 AD患者尿AD7c-NTP含量及血浆HCY含量均增高;尿液AD7c-NTP含量及血浆HCY含量可作为辅助AD诊断的生物标记物;二者联合检测可提高AD诊断的准确性。     

尿AD7c-NTP表达水平对阿尔茨海默病早期诊断和病情评估价值的探讨

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)表达水平的变化在阿尔茨海默病(AD)早期诊断和病情评估中的意义。方法选取AD组58例(轻度AD组26例、中重度AD组32例),轻度认知功能障碍患者(MCI组)52例和对照组62例,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELLSA)测定各组患者尿AD7c-NTP值,通过MMSE量表评定并行统计学分析。结果不同受试组尿AD7c-NTP表达水平差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中AD组和MCI组尿AD7c-NTP水平均高于对照组,AD组高于MCI组,中重度AD组高于轻度AD组。经Spearman秩相关分析,轻度AD组、中重度AD组、MCI组尿AD7c-NTP表达水平与MMSE评分呈负相关,与病程呈正相关。ROC曲线所显示的曲线下面积为0.952(95%CI:0.913~0.992,P=0.000),当尿AD7c-NTP最佳临界值为1.76 ng/ml时,诊断AD的灵敏度和特异度分别是93.1%和90.3%。结论尿AD7c-NTP的表达水平对于AD的早期诊断和病情评估具有重要的参考价值。     

老年阿尔茨海默病患者尿液中神经丝蛋白含量的研究

目的探讨尿液中阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)含量在老年AD诊断中的意义。方法选择老年AD患者67例(AD组)和认知功能正常老年人(对照组)85名,应用简易精神状态检查(MMSE)量表、日常生活活动(ADL)量表和临床痴呆评定(CDR)量表进行精神状态评价,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测尿AD7c-NTP含量。结果尿AD7c-NTP含量AD组为(2.34±1.59)μg·L-1,对照组为(1.04±0.39)μg·L-1,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=-6.59,P=0.000)。经相关性分析表明AD7c-NTP水平与MMSE、FT4值呈负相关(R=-0.689,P=0.000;R=-0.211,P=0.009);与ADL、CDR值呈正相关(R=0.267,P=0.001;R=0.52,P=0.001)。根据ROC曲线,确定1.492μg·L-1为界定值,其对应的敏感度和特异度分别为82.1%和95.3%,ROC曲线下面积为0.924,95%CI:0.88~0.97。结论尿AD7c-NTP含量检测可作为老年AD患者辅助诊断的生物学指标。     

阿尔茨海默病患者尿中AD7c-NTP含量的研究

目的探讨尿中阿尔茨海默病相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)含量在阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断中的意义。方法采用直接竞争性酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA),检测218例老年人,其中AD组46例、血管性痴呆组(VD组)50例、智能正常老年对照组122例尿液中AD7c-NTP含量,所有数据均经过SPSS软件进行统计学处理。结果AD组、VD组及智能正常老年对照组尿液中AD7c-NTP含量分别为33.35±1.61、18.19±1.41、18.30±1.45μg/ml,AD组明显高于其他两组,而VD组与智能正常老年对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);91.4%的AD病例AD7c-NTP含量升高((22μg/ml),非AD病例中90.7%均为正常(?22μg/ml)。结论尿液中AD7c-NTP含量检测作为无创性检查,在AD诊断中具有重要的临床参考价值。     

不同类型认知障碍患者的尿液AD7c-NTP与头部MRI、MRS的相关性研究

目的研究对不同类型认知障碍患者的尿液AD相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)水平与头颅MRI中海马萎缩程度、MRS中N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)峰值水平的相互关系。方法选取阿尔兹海默病(AD)、血管性痴呆(VD)、轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者各30例,分别设为AD组、VD组、MCI组,另选取同期体检健康者30例作对照组。取所有受检者晨起时尿液,以酶联免疫吸附法测定AD7c-NTP水平,行头颅MRI及MRS检查。对比四组尿液AD7c-NTP水平、海马萎缩MTA评分、NAA峰值水平,分析尿液AD7c-NTP与海马萎缩MTA评分、NAA峰值水平相关性。结果 MCI组尿液AD7c-NTP水平高于对照组,VD组尿液AD7c-NTP水平高于MCI组,AD组尿液AD7c-NTP水平高于Va D组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);MCI组海马萎缩MTA评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),VD组海马萎缩MTA评分高于MCI组,AD组海马萎缩MTA评分高于VD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);MCI组NAA峰值水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),VD组NAA峰值水平低于MCI组,AD组NAA峰值水平低于VD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);尿液AD7c-NTP水平变化与海马萎缩MTA评分呈正相关关系(P0.05);与NAA峰值水平呈负相关关系(P0.05)。结论 AD、Va D、MCI患者尿液AD7c-NTP水平较高,且不同类型认知障碍患者尿液AD7c-NTP、海马萎缩MTA评分、NAA峰值水平存在明显差异,尿液AD7c-NTP水平变化与MRI改变呈正相关性,与MRS改变呈负相关性。     

APOE ε4等位基因与尿AD7c-NTP联合检测在AD早期诊断中的初步研究

目的探讨APOEε4等位基因与尿AD7c-NTP联合检测在阿尔兹海默病(AD)早期诊断预防中的价值。方法根据中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版(CCMD-3)有关精神分裂症及轻度阿尔兹海默病的诊断标准,选取76例临床诊断疑似AD患者(PAD组),另选90例健康者作为对照组。对比两组APOEε4等位基因频率和尿AD7c-NTP含量对AD的诊断价值。结果 (1)APOEε4等位基因表达频率在PAD组显著高于对照组(P≤0.05);(2)尿AD7c-NTP在PAD组中的含量较对照组显著升高(P≤0.01);(3)对APOEε4、AD7c-NTP及二者联合检测进行比较发现,APOEε4对AD诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数分别为:44.64%、88.33%、78.13%、63.10%、0.33;尿AD7c-NTP诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数分别为:78.57%、83.33%、81.48、80.65%、0.62;APOEε4与AD7c-NTP联合检测的诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数分别为:91.18%、91.55%、83.78%、95.58%、0.82。结论 APOEε4等位基因与尿AD7c-NTP联合检测是监测及诊断AD早期病变的较好指标,提升二者单独应用时的预测价值,宜作为AD易发人群鉴别和早期诊断的生物标记物。     

老年期痴呆的血浆半胱氨酸浓度检测的临床意义

目的：检测两种老年期痴呆即阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VD）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平,探讨其临床意义。方法：选取AD患者55例（AD组）、VD患者58例（VD组）和正常体检者30名（正常对照组）。VD组和AD组均按病情严重程度再分组：按痴呆严重程度根据总体衰退量表评分,得分3、4分者为轻度组,5分为中度组,6、7分为重度组。用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定受试对象血浆Hcy水平。结果：与正常对照组比较,AD组和VD组患者血浆Hcy明显升高（P〈0.05）,AD组与VD组间血浆Hcy水平差异无统计学意义（P=0.740 9）;AD重度组与AD轻度组比较（P〈0.05）,VD重度组与VD轻度组比较（P〈0.05）。结论：测定血浆Hcy水平对诊断AD和VD有帮助;AD和VD的病情严重程度与血浆Hcy水平有一定相关性。     

尿AD7c-NTP水平与载脂蛋白E ε4等位基因联合检测对轻度认知功能障碍的诊断价值

目的探讨尿AD7c-NTP水平与载脂蛋白Eε4等位基因(ApoEε4)联合检测在轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的诊断价值。方法检测54例MCI患者(MCI组)及60例健康者(正常对照组)的尿AD7c-NTP水平和ApoEε4表达。结果 MCI组尿AD7c-NTP水平及阳性率显著高于正常对照组(均P0.01)。MCI组ApoEε4阳性率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数均高于尿AD7c-NTP检测和ApoEε4检测。结论尿AD7c-NTP水平与ApoEε4联合检测是鉴别及诊断MCI早期病变的较好指标,提升二者单独应用时的预测价值。     

尿液AD7c-NTP检测在阿尔茨海默病早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨尿液阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关神经丝蛋白(AD7c-NTP)表达水平在AD及遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)中的诊断价值.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测尿液AD7c-NTP表达水平,比较54例AD组、68例aMCI组及46例对照组患者的尿液AD7c-NTP表达水平的差异,并分析尿液AD7c-NTP检测在AD及aM...     

血清BDNF与尿AD7c-NTP联合检测在MCI进展为AD中的预测价值

目的探讨血清BDNF与尿AD7c-NTP联合检测对轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)进展为阿尔茨海默病的预测价值。方法收集172例MCI患者(MCI组)及90例健康者(正常对照组)基线、12 m、24 m的血清BDNF和尿AD7c-NTP的表达水平。结果 MCI患者血清BDNF水平在基线、12 m、24 m显著低于同期对照组(P0.05),而尿AD7c-NTP水平在基线、12 m、24 m显著高于同期对照组(P0.01)。此外,32例MCI患者于随访的2y中进展为AD(MCI-AD组),其血清BDNF水平在基线、12 m、24 m显著低于稳定型MCI患者(MCI-ST组),而尿AD7c-NTP水平在基线、12 m、24 m显著高于稳定型MCI患者。结论血清BDNF与尿AD7c-NTP联合检测是鉴别及诊断MCI进展为AD的较好指标,提升二者单独应用时的预测价值。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高,而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。