心腔内超声心动图引导经心导管关闭房间隔缺损207例报告

目的:评价心腔内超声心动图(ICE)在经心导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭Ⅱ孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)术中的应用价值。 方法:207例Ⅱ孔型ASD患者,年龄1.83-85(32.84±24.21)岁。ASD大小分别于术前经胸超声心动图和术中ICE标准切面测量,比较二者对ASD测量值与术中球囊测得ASD延长径的相关性。 结果:207例术前经胸超声心动图测ASD直径(16.30±5.89)mm,与球囊测ASD延长径(21.36±7.32)mm,相关系数r1=0.91(P<0.05);术中ICE测值(21.49±8.04)mm,相关系数r2=0.99(P<0.01)。手术成功率99.03％。瞬时完全堵闭率89.23％,24 h完全堵闭率94.69％,全组无严重并发症。 结论:ICE测量ASD直径与球囊测量ASD延长径相关性良好;术中标准切面的建立更易于清晰显示ASD大小,形态,周边结构;无需全麻,提高了经导管关闭ASD手术的安全性及成功率。     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的即刻及短期疗效观察

目的:探讨应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效。方法:5例FPA患者,男2例,女3例,年龄6～27(平均18.40±7.23)岁;经临床、X线、超声心动图及造影证实为PDA。测量PDA最窄处内径,选择合适的输送鞘及封堵器,封堵缺损处。术后即刻听诊杂音及24小时后作超声心动图复查以评价疗效。结果:造影测量PDA最窄直径为4～7(5.20±1.16)mm,选择封堵器直径为8～18(12.80±3.25)mm.手术全部获得成功。4例杂音完全消失,复查超声心动图亦未见分流:1例存留不足2-级的收缩期杂音,术后超声心动图见微量残存分流,1月后复查残存分流消失。结论:Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭安全、有效,创伤小,可避免开胸治疗。     

超声心动图在Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗房间隔缺损中的价值

目的　超声心动图引导Amplatzer封堵器经导管关闭房间隔缺损 (ASD)。方法　 15例待外科手术的ASD患者 ,超声检查 [12例经食管超声心动图 (TEE)检查、3例经胸超声心动图 (TTE)检查 ]符合条件而准备行经导管ASD封堵术。在超声及X线引导下 ,以ASD最大伸展径或加 1～ 2mm为标准 ,选择Amplatzer封堵器型号 ,导管送封堵器到ASD处、释放 ,腰部卡于ASD口处 ,两伞贴于房间隔两侧。结果　 2例患者ASD最大伸展径 >34mm ,没有相应大的封堵器而放弃封堵术 ,其余 13例成功地进行了ASD封堵。超声测量ASD径非常显著小于ASD最大伸展径 [(16 92± 5 35 )mm∶(2 1 38±5 0 1)mm ,P <0 0 1],平均相差 4 46mm。术后立即、2 4h、1个月及 3个月行TTE检查 ,13例患者封堵器位置准确、稳定 ,均无残余分流。所有患者术中及术后均无并发症。结论　用Amplatzer封堵器关闭ASD ,超声在病例的选择、引导封堵器置入及术后疗效观察等方面有极重要、不可替代的作用。     

经食管超声监测Amplatzer封堵器修补房间隔缺损

<正> 本文报道经食管超声心动图(TEE)在Amplatzer封堵器修补房间隔缺损(ASD)术中的应用价值。1资料与方法 6例继发孔型ASD,男2例,女4例,平均年龄32.8岁(16岁-56岁)。采用连续波多普勒(CW)测肺动脉收缩压(PASP),平均为36.2mmHg(15.8-44mmHg)。明确ASD位置、大小及残端长度后于右侧股静脉内穿刺插入导管,在TEE引导和监测下将球囊送至ASD处,经球囊注入造影剂,测ASD最大伸展径,选择相应型号的Amplatzer封堵器,送     

经胸壁彩超结合球囊法在房间隔缺损经右心导管封堵术中的应用

目的 :评价经胸壁彩色超声心动图 (TTE)结合球囊测量法引导房间隔缺损 (ASD)经导管封堵术的可靠性及实用价值。方法 :对 6 7例ASD患者 ,采用TTE结合球囊法测量ASD伸展径后 ,分别置入相应型号Am platzer封堵器。 结果 :6 7例患者TTE引导经右心导管封堵ASD术均成功 ,超声测量的ASD最大伸展径与其实际伸展径一致 ,相关系数 (r ) =0 .97,P <0 .0 0 1。 6 4例ASD封堵器一次放置成功 ,3例第 2次放置成功 ;封堵术成功后即刻彩色超声心动图显示 ,穿隔血流消失 ;术后 3个月复查 ,6 6例封堵器位置良好 ,房间隔无分流 ,右心系统明显回缩 ;1例原有两孔缺损的封堵其中的大孔后残留少量分流。结论 :TTE结合球囊测量法引导ASD经右心导管封堵术成功率高、安全和无痛苦 ,值得推广。     

超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵术中的临床应用

目的评价床边超声心动图在房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术中的临床应用。方法 25例ASD适合介入封堵的病人,术中床边超声心动图测量ASD最大直径,与测量球囊测量ASD直径比较,指导封堵器封堵、释放等过程,并观察有无残余分流及封堵器是否影响周围结构功能。结果 25例患者ASD直径床边超声心动图测量值为(20.52±1.53)mm,球囊导管测量值为(21.41±1.52)mm,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。25例患者全部一次堵闭成功,术后即刻超声心动图检查无残余分流,各瓣膜无病理性返流或原有返流加重,上、下腔静脉回流正常。结论床边超声心动图在ASD封堵术中能准确估测ASD直径,指导封堵过程,监测有无并发症发生,在ASD封堵术中具有重要指导作用。     

国产封堵器介入治疗巨大动脉导管未闭的临床评价

目的应用国产封堵器经导管治疗巨大动脉导管未闭（PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法全组27（男8,女19）例,年龄6～54（24±15）岁,主动脉造影示PDA最窄径为13～28（16±4）mm。封堵后即刻和30min行侧位降主动脉造影,术后2d,1、3、6个月分别行超声心动图及X线平片检查。结果24例成功,3例PDA封堵后判断为有阻力性肺动脉高压,放弃治疗。成功的患者中,14例选用国产PDA封堵器,10例选用国产ASD封堵器。术后即刻降主动脉造影检查示,使用ASD封堵器中,有2例微量残余分流,5例少量残余分流,1例少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器中,有4例微量残余分流,2例少量残余分流。术后30min,ASD封堵器4例微～少量残余分流,1例仍为少～中量残余分流;PDA封堵器仅2例微量残余分流。1例ASD封堵器治疗术后7h发生溶血,治疗72h溶血无减轻迹象,外科开胸取出封堵器并行PDA结扎术。术后2d,超声心动图示PDA封堵器1例微量残余分流,ASD封堵器5例微量残余分流。随访1～6个月,所有左心内径增大的患者均明显回缩,未发现残余分流和导管再通。结论应用国产封堵器经导管治疗直径≥13mm的PDA是一种安全有效地介入方法。     

伞中伞治疗伞漏1例

患者,女,44岁.发现心脏杂音40余年,活动后胸闷2年于2009-08-01入院.患者从小发现心脏杂音,确诊为动脉导管未闭(PDA),2000-06曾行介入封堵治疗[1],当时经胸超声心动图(TTE)测PDA长8 mm,宽9 mm,左室不大,降主动脉造影示PDA最窄径8.5 mm,选择直径16～18 mm PDA封堵器封堵成功.     

比较超声心动图与心导管造影测量动脉导管未闭管径和肺动脉压

目的探讨经胸超声心动图（transthoracic echocardiogram，TTE）与心导管造影测量动脉导管未闭（patent duetus arteriosus，PDA）管径和肺动脉压力。方法PDA61例，应用TTE诊断，测量其最窄内径和主动脉端内径，应用连续多普勒获取PDA两端压力差估测主肺动脉压，将TTE结果与PDA封堵术前心导管造影测量结果进行比较。结果TTE测量的PDA最窄内径和主动脉端内径，PDA两端压力差和主肺动脉压力的估测值与对应导管测量值呈正相关（P〈0．05）。PDA最窄内径的超声测值高于导管造影测值，而超声估测的主肺动脉压力低于导管测值（P〈0．05）。结论TTE与心导管造影在PDA管径和肺动脉压力的定量测量方面相关性好，但有一定差异，总结差异可更好地指导临床评估PDA合并肺动脉高压和介入治疗封堵器的选择。     

经胸超声心动图指导儿童房间隔缺损封堵术

目的 :评价经胸超声心动图 (TTE)在术前测量房间隔缺损 (ASD)大小、术中监测与指导儿童ASD封堵的作用。方法 :10例ASD儿童采用TTE多个切面综合判断ASD大小、周缘情况及房间隔伸展径。比较ASD之TTE测值与封堵成功所选用的封堵器大小之间的关系。在封堵术中TTE监测封堵过程、伞释出后牢固程度及彩色多普勒有无分流。结果 :ASD的TTE测值为 8～ 2 4 (15 .8± 5 .9)mm ,封堵器型号为 8～ 2 8(18.8±6 .0 )mm ,TTE测量的ASD大小与封堵器大小相关良好 ,直线方程Y =4 .36 0 +0 .914X ,相关系数r =0 .90 5(P <0 .0 1)。硬缘ASD的封堵器选择比TTE所测ASD大 1～ 5mm ;封堵器型号的选择多在球囊测值的基础上加 0～ 2mm。所有封堵器牢固 ,无脱落。结论 :TTE封堵术前检查和术中指导ASD封堵器的放置是一种可行、有效、简便的方法     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。