自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺架引导下仿甲状腺细针抽吸穿刺体模实验

目的探讨自由角度及改制后固定角度穿刺架在甲状腺细针抽吸穿刺中的可行性及准确性。方法模拟甲状腺细针抽吸穿刺建立模型,由10位医生分别通过徒手穿刺、使用自由角度穿刺架和改制后固定角度穿刺架对体模中的目标进行穿刺,每人做三次穿刺,分别记录下每次穿刺的目标深度、穿刺时间和成功率并对以上数据作统计学分析。结果第一组(徒手穿刺)穿刺成功率76.7%,目标放置平均深度1.99cm,穿刺平均时间40.52s;第二组(自由角度穿刺架)穿刺成功率100%,目标放置平均深度2.12cm,穿刺平均时间7.75s;第三组(改制后固定角度穿刺架)穿刺成功率100%,目标放置平均深度2.22cm,穿刺平均时间3.26s。徒手穿刺的成功率小于自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺(P<0.05),自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺的目标深度均大于徒手穿刺(P<0.05),自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺的目标深度无差异(P=0.18),自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺操作时间均短于徒手穿刺操作时间(P<0.001),改制后固定角度穿刺操作时间短于自由角度操作时间(P<0.01)。结论使用自由角度和改制后固定角度穿刺架穿刺均比徒手穿刺有更高的准确性,改制后固定角度穿刺架较自由角度穿刺架穿刺效率更高,对甲状腺深部小结节穿刺更便捷可靠。     

盲法与超声引导下进行儿童股动脉穿刺的自身对照研究

目的比较传统盲穿法与超声引导下进行儿童股动脉穿刺的操作耗时、穿刺次数和并发症情况,同时探讨超声引导下股动脉穿刺操作的学习曲线规律。 方法选取我科一名工作10年以上的儿科介入主治医师,收集分析2020年1月至2020年12月期间由该名医师采用传统盲法完成的股动脉穿刺病例共104例（盲穿组）的临床资料,同时收集其分析2021年1月至2021年12月期间在高年资医师指导下采用超声引导进行股动脉穿刺的病例共120例（超声引导组）临床资料,比较两组操作耗时、穿刺次数、穿刺成功率和并发症情况。将超声引导组进一步细分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H共8组,进行学习曲线分析。 结果超声引导组前三次成功率均明显高于盲穿组;穿刺时间及平均穿刺次数明显低于盲穿组;不良反应发生率显著低于盲穿组。A~E组间操作耗时均存在统计学差异（P < 0.05）,E~H组间操作耗时无统计学差异（P > 0.05）。8组并发症发生率无统计学差异（P > 0.05）。 结论与盲穿法相比,采用超声引导下进行儿童股动脉穿刺,成功率高,时间短,不良反应发生率低。此外,实时超声引导下儿童股动脉穿刺学习曲线拐点为75例左右,其并发症在学习曲线的早期和成熟期没有区别,具有同样的安全性。     

X线定位基准线在透视定位穿刺中的应用研究

目的:研究将X线作为透视定位穿刺基准线的可行性,探讨该基准线的实际应用价值。方法:在手术C臂X线机透视下,通过塑料、带皮猪肉块模型实验,利用X线直线传播的特性,找到X线定位基准线后,在该线方向上,进行穿刺实验,将穿刺到位成功率进行统计学处理。结果:用X线定位基准线进行穿刺成功率96.7%和90%,不用X线定位基准线进行穿刺成功率16.7%和6.7%。u检验u=6.25和6.45,u>2.58,P<0.01,表明用与不用X线定位基准线进行穿刺,其成功率差异有极显著意义。又经30例临床验证,表明了使用X线定位基准线进行定位穿刺,是简单、有效的方法。结论:利用X线作为定位基准线,只需一根穿刺针,加上"三点成一线"的瞄准方法,就可实现透视下准确的定位穿刺。     

超声评估引导在降低桡动脉穿刺并发症中的应用

目的探讨超声评估引导在降低桡动脉穿刺置管并发症中的应用。 方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年10月入住我科ICU进行桡动脉穿刺置管的200位重症患者临床资料,将2018年100例常规穿刺作为对照组,2019年引进超声评估引导下穿刺100例为观察组。通过回顾性分析比较两组患者穿刺置管过程中并发症的发生情况,以及患者对护理的满意度。 结果观察组（超声评估引导下穿刺组）的穿刺成功率明显高于对照组,并发症的发生情况明显低于对照组,护患满意度对比高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论超声评估引导在桡动脉穿刺中可以精确评估穿刺血管情况,精确定位准确引导穿刺,减少了并发症的发生,减轻了患者的痛苦,提高了患者的舒适度及满意度,同时提高了护士的满意度及自信心,操作更加安全。     

留置针穿刺在烧伤患儿静脉输液治疗中的应用价值

目的:对比分析静脉留置针穿刺与表浅静脉普通穿刺输液在婴幼儿烧烫伤治疗过程中的应用价值,探讨婴幼儿烧烫伤早期较为理想的静脉输液方法.方法:对2006年1月～2008年1月期间,在我院住院治疗的婴幼儿烧烫伤病历资料进行回顾性调查分析,符合课题调查研究条件者共81例,均为烧烫伤后5天之内接受静脉输液治疗者.根据所采取的静脉输液方法分为表浅静脉留置针组(留置针组)和表浅静脉普通穿刺组(普通组);主要观察指标包括穿刺部位、穿刺成功率、输液通畅程度及治疗中的局部并发症等.结果:两组的穿刺部位、烧伤伤情及静脉穿刺成功率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但普通组的静脉穿刺次数明显大于留置针组,即相当留置针组的5倍之多;普通组的局部并发症发生概率明显大于留置针组,具有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:婴幼儿烧烫伤早期采用表浅静脉留置针穿刺,可延长穿刺针的留置时间,减少静脉穿刺次数,降低并发症,增加患儿舒适度,体现了以人为本的医疗服务理念.     

不同MRI影像特征的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折单侧与双侧穿刺椎体成形术的疗效比较

目的比较单侧与双侧穿刺椎体成形术在具有不同MRI影像特征的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2016年12月因骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折在陆军军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所脊柱外科行椎体成形术治疗的患者573例(共743个椎体)。根据脊柱MRI影像特点,将骨折椎体分为三组,椎体内有明显的裂隙影像或真空征象为A组(133个椎体),整个椎体均匀呈现高信号为B组(385个椎体),椎体局部呈现高信号为C组(225个椎体),分别采用单侧或双侧穿刺椎体成形术治疗。在三组内比较两种手术方式术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥弥散以及骨水泥渗漏情况。结果所有患者术后疼痛缓解明显。三组患者术前VAS评分分别为6.1±1.4、6.1±1.3、6.0±1.3,术后VAS评分分别为2.3±1.1、2.2±1.1、2.3±1.2,P=0.4847,三组间差异无统计学意义,单侧穿刺与双侧穿刺患者VAS评分分别为2.2±0.8、2.2±1.0,P0.9999,差异无统计学意义。A、B组单侧与双侧穿刺骨水泥注入量[(5.1±1.4)m L、(5.2±1.3)m L vs.(5.2±1.6)m L、(5.8±1.4)m L]差异无统计学意义,C组单侧穿刺骨水泥注入量(4.6±1.2)m L低于双侧穿刺(5.4±1.4)m L。A组单侧与双侧穿刺骨水泥弥散[(58±17)%vs.(56±12)%]差异无统计学意义,B、C组单侧穿刺弥散较双侧穿刺差[(64±16)%、(49±16)%vs.(71±14)%、(56±14)%]。骨水泥渗漏情况,三组共97个椎体有骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率为13.1%。骨水泥渗漏率的比较,A组双侧穿刺28.6%高于单侧穿刺25.0%,B组单侧穿刺11.7%与双侧穿刺11.2%差异无统计学意义,C组单侧穿刺10.8%高于双侧穿刺7.0%。结论在选择单侧穿刺或双侧穿刺时,应根据患者椎体MRI检查影像特点有根据地进行选择,可以尽量缩短手术时间,降低老年患者手术风险。对于椎体内有明显的裂隙影像或真空征象的椎体,选择单侧穿刺能获得很好的弥散效果;对于椎体内局部呈高信号的椎体,选择双侧穿刺能获得更好的弥散效果以及更低的骨水泥渗漏率。     

腰椎间盘突出症胶原酶溶解术盘外注射穿刺技术的改进

目的 :探讨透视监控下 ,进行腰椎间盘突出症胶原酶溶解术盘外注射的穿刺方法及其安全性与准确性。方法 :为达到准确穿刺的目的 ,首先在腰椎 CT片上采用几何学方法 ,测量穿刺点位置、穿刺深度及进针角度 ,然后在透视监控下进行穿刺 ,并配合硬膜外造影以确定进针位置是否正确。结果 :70 2例全部穿刺成功 ,随访术后 3个月以上病例 12 5例 ,总有效率 92 %。无并发症和后遗症。结论 :正确掌握穿刺方法能有效地提高穿刺的安全性与准确性 ,并且疗效是肯定的。     

超声造影在肺周围型病灶穿刺活检中的应用

 目的 探讨超声造影在肺周围型病灶穿刺活检中的应用。方法 回顾性分析武警特色医学中心超声科2019-01至2020-12在超声引导下穿刺的肺周围型病灶活检117例患者的相关资料。按操作方法分为,造影组(超声造影引导穿刺)52例和对照组(常规超声引导穿刺)65例。造影组常规超声检查后行超声造影检查,观察造影剂的灌注及病灶增强情况,针对病灶明显增强区域行穿刺活检。对照组在常规超声引导下对实性区域穿刺活检。获取穿刺病理结果,以手术病理作为最终诊断结果,分析比较造影组与对照组穿刺阳性率、并发症以及病灶坏死区域的显示率。结果 造影组穿刺阳性率为96.15%(50/52),明显高于对照组的84.62%(55/65),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对直径＞50 mm的病灶,造影组穿刺阳性率高于对照组(95.45% vs. 70.83%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超声造影引导穿刺活检的成功率高于常规超声引导穿刺,特别是对于病灶直径＞50 mm,建议首选超声造影引导穿刺。     

CT定位下耐多药空洞型肺结核穿刺注药术探讨

目的探索耐多药空洞型肺结核病人CT定位下经皮肺穿刺空洞注药术的操作要点及其临床应用价值。方法临床确诊痰菌阳性耐多药的空洞型肺结核84例,在CT导向下根据自制体表定位标记带选择进针点、进针角度、进针路径行空洞内灌注给药。结果84例病人穿刺成功率100%,并发气胸3例,肺出血1例,皮下气肿1例。治疗后痰菌转阴率为91.7%,空洞好转率89.3%,空洞闭合率66.7%。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿空洞给药技术具有简单易行、直观、定位准确、并发症少等优点,对治疗痰菌阳性耐多药的空洞型肺结核具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Echocardiography-guided transseptal left atrial puncture: a safe approach to percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy]

Transseptal left atrial puncture has generally been carried out under fluoroscopic control. In our experience, cardiac tamponade occurred in 3 of 83 cases during transseptal puncture for percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) and percutaneous transvenous aortic valvuloplasty (PTAV). We tried to perform the puncture under simultaneous fluoroscopic and 2DE guidance to decrease the rate of complications. As a result, no complication has occurred in 55 cases. Furthermore, 2DE indicated that directing the puncture needle towards 4 or 5 o'clock was inappropriate, but that 3 o'clock was an appropriate direction for puncture of the fossa ovalis of a left atrium dilated because of mitral stenosis. In conclusion, transseptal left atrial puncture can safely and easily be carried out under a combination of fluoroscopic and 2DE guidance, as this procedure displays the correct position and direction of the needle tip for interatrial septal puncture.     

Image distortion in US-guided liver tumor puncture with curved linear array

Our objective was to systematically examine the influence of probe geometry, puncture route, and composition of the abdominal wall on the deviation error with needle display. We made a simplified simulation model of the puncture needle passing to the liver tumor, using a microcomputer system, and visualized the degree of distortion of the puncture needle, changing the thickness and component of the abdominal wall as well as the radius of the probe, site, and angle of puncture. The puncture needle exhibited a displacement error of –10.9 to 3.8 mm (center hole) and –11.3 to 3.8 mm (side attachment). The shift was less accentuated when the radius of the probe was large. The displacement error was less accentuated in the center and accentuated in the left side of the field of view. It is recommended that liver puncture under US guidance be generally performed using a probe with a larger radius through the center hole with the most obtuse puncture angle possible, but when the tumor is localized in the hepatic dome, a more tightly curved probe should be used with an acute angle. We must consider a possible large error in display of the puncture needle during liver puncture and try to prevent hazardous complications. Electronic Publication     

针刺肾俞穴联合局部围刺治疗黄褐斑的疗效

 

目的 观察针刺肾俞穴联合局部围刺治疗黄褐斑的疗效。方法 选取2013-11至2015-06收治的女性黄褐斑患者共120例,随机分为联合组、针刺组与围刺组,每组40例。3组分别给予针刺肾俞穴联合局部围刺治疗、单纯针刺肾俞穴治疗与单纯局部围刺治疗各2个疗程。收集并记录3组患者治疗前后激素水平变化及治疗效果,并进行对比与分析。结果 治疗后,联合组患者4项指标均较治疗前有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且联合组FSH高于针刺组和围刺组,LH、E₂和P水平则较低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。联合组总有效率为92.5%,高于针刺组的75.0%与围刺组的72.5%,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 针刺肾俞穴联合局部围刺治疗黄褐斑能够显著改善患者体内激素水平,且临床效果较两种方法单纯治疗更为显著。

     

Single-wall puncture: a new technique for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the safety and utility of a new single-wall puncture technique for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in comparison with the conventional double-wall puncture technique. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the single-wall puncture technique is a useful method for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and may be safer than the conventional double-wall puncture technique.     

Effect of lumbar puncture on flow of cerebrospinal fluid

The rate at which isotopes descend from the cisterna magna to the lumbar subarachnoid space is highly variable. In monkeys, with and without previous lumbar puncture, transit time was measured. In animals with a previous lumbar puncture, transit times were 10 to 120 minutes; in monkeys without a previous lumbar puncture, transit times were 120 to 180 minutes. In experimental studies of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, the effect of lumbar puncture must be controlled.     

经皮穿刺椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症200例临床研究

目的：探讨经皮穿刺椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效和安全性。方法：采用本法治疗腰椎间盘突出症连续２００例。为提高穿刺的准确性及减少Ｘ线损伤，根据“勾股定理”确定穿刺角度和深度。为摘除髓核能接近突出部位，达到最佳减压效果，穿刺点应距中线稍远以减少角度，且通用导管前端宜改为缺口状。结果：优良１７３例，优良率８６．５％（参照Ｍａｃｎａｂ标准），且无严重并发症发生。结论：本法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效较满意。     

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage after lumbar puncture in neonates: incidence and sonographic appearance

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to review the incidence and sonographic appearance of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after lumbar puncture in the neonatal period. Thirty-three neonates underwent spinal sonography after diagnostic lumbar puncture. A total of 21 of these patients showed cerebrospinal fluid leakage into the epidural space extending from the level of the cauda equina to the lumbar (n = 9), the thoracic (n = 8), or the cervical (n = 4) region. In eight patients, the subarachnoid space was markedly compressed by the epidural fluid collection. CONCLUSION: Cerebrospinal fluid leakage into the epidural space is a frequent complication of lumbar puncture in neonates and has a characteristic appearance on sonograms. Leakage after lumbar puncture must be differentiated from cerebrospinal fluid leakage due to perinatal meningeal injury. If cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the puncture site compresses the subarachnoid space, sonography assists in the performance of subsequent lumbar puncture.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty performed by the isocenter puncture method

Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of the isocenter puncture (ISOP) method. Materials and methods We investigated 73 vertebral bodies that had undergone percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) by the ISOP method, 118 vertebral bodies that had undergone the puncture simulation method, and 33 vertebral bodies that had undergone the conventional method. The items to be examined included the success rate (SR) of the median puncture of the vertebral body and the procedure time. The puncture accuracy and fluoroscopy time were also measured for the ISOP method. Results The SR was significantly higher and the procedure time significantly shorter when using the ISOP method rather than the conventional method. However, no significant differences were observed between the ISOP method and the puncture simulation method. The errors between the puncture needle tip and the puncture target point in the ISOP method were an average of 1.52, 2.08, and 1.87 mm in each of the horizontal, ventrodorsal, and craniocaudal directions. The fluoroscopy time when operating on one vertebral body was an average of 5.8 min. Conclusion The ISOP method is considered to be a useful approach while also reducing the puncture time and the fluoroscopy time. This article was presented at a Japan Radiological Society meeting in April 2007     

Guidelines for cervical myelography: lumbar versus cervical puncture technique

Cervical myelography may be performed with non-ionic contrast media either by direct cervical puncture or by lumbar puncture with run-up of the contrast medium. In this prospective study of 300 cervical myelograms using iopamidol (130 by direct puncture and 170 by lumbar puncture), we have shown that the run-up technique causes no more side effects than direct puncture technique and films of equivalent diagnostic quality are obtained. A sub-group of 80 patients had EEG examinations before and after myelography, plus a lateral skull film taken at the end of the myelogram to assess the amount of contrast medium that had entered the skull. More EEG abnormalities were found in those patients examined by direct puncture and significantly more contrast medium had entered the skull in this group. Run-up myelography therefore results in less intracranial spill and so less potential for cortical irritation. In view of the EEG abnormalities, anticonvulsant premedication is discussed, and we now give phenytoin to all patients having cervical myelography with iopamidol. We consider that cervical myelography can be adequately and more safely performed by lumbar puncture technique but, to optimise patient safety, should be performed by a radiologist experienced in neuroradiology.     

Using a Motion Sensor-Equipped Smartphone to Facilitate CT-Guided Puncture

To demonstrate the use of “Smart Puncture,” a smartphone application to assist conventional CT-guided puncture without CT fluoroscopy, and to describe the advantages of this application. A puncture guideline is displayed by entering the angle into the application. Regardless of the angle at which the device is being held, the motion sensor ensures that the guideline is displayed at the appropriate angle with respect to gravity. The angle of the smartphone’s liquid crystal display (LCD) is also detected, preventing needle deflection from the CT slice image. Physicians can perform the puncture procedure by advancing the needle using the guideline while the smartphone is placed adjacent to the patient. In an experimental puncture test using a sponge as a target, the target was punctured at 30°, 50°, and 70° when the device was tilted to 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°, respectively. The punctured target was then imaged with a CT scan, and the puncture error was measured. The mean puncture error in the plane parallel to the LCD was less than 2°, irrespective of device tilt. The mean puncture error in the sagittal plane was less than 3° with no device tilt. However, the mean puncture error tended to increase when the tilt was increased. This application can transform a smartphone into a valuable tool that is capable of objectively and accurately assisting CT-guided puncture procedures.     

Fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture: decreased frequency of traumatic tap and implications for the assessment of CT-negative acute subarachnoid hemorrhage

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In patients with suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and negative CT findings, the iatrogenic introduction of RBCs into the CSF during lumbar puncture may lead to a misdiagnosis. We tested the hypothesis that the risk of traumatic lumbar puncture is lower with the fluoroscopy-guided technique than with the standard bedside technique. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from two populations: adult inpatients undergoing standard bedside lumbar puncture for any reason and adult patients undergoing fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture for myelography. Patients with SAH and CSF samples with significant abnormalities other than erythrocytosis (ie, CSF leukocytosis, xanthochromia, or elevated protein) were excluded. In all, 1489 bedside procedures and 723 fluoroscopy-guided procedures met the criteria. RESULTS: We found a significant difference in the level of iatrogenic CSF erythrocytosis produced by the two procedures. Using a cutoff of 1000 cells/mm(3), the frequency of traumatic lumbar puncture was 10.1% for bedside lumbar puncture and 3.5% for fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture. With fluoroscopic guidance, the frequency of a traumatic tap varied significantly with the operator, ranging from 0% to 24%. CONCLUSION: The use of fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture in patients with suspected SAH and negative CT findings should reduce the frequency of false-positive diagnoses of acute SAH as well as the number of unnecessary angiograms for patients with suspected SAH but no underlying intracranial vascular malformation.